TUBERCULOSIS.

TUBERCULOSIS.

854 fall of temperature to nearly normal on the fourth eighth days after taking 1’5 to 2’0 g. of aspirin daily. Paroxysmal tachycardia (pulse 190 and...

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854

fall of temperature to nearly normal on the fourth eighth days after taking 1’5 to 2’0 g. of aspirin daily. Paroxysmal tachycardia (pulse 190 and 200) with cyanosis and cold extremities occurred. They were too weak to breathe more a

TUBERCULOSIS.

and

Institutional Treatment for Insured Persons. IN

reply to a question in the House of Commons last deeply and died in a few hours. The moral is week, Major Astor (Parliamentary Secretary to the Local obvious : antipyretics should not be given in large Government Board) admitted the inadequacy of the accommodoses in febrile conditions. On the first sign of a dation provided in the Staffordshire area for the treatcrisis get the patient to breathe deeply and insist ment of insured persons suffering from tuberculosis. The Staffcrdshire, Wolverhampton, and Dudley Joint Committee on the necessity for effort. for Tuberculosis, he addv.d, were actively engaged in the

provision

THE

DOG AS TEST OBJECT.

of additional accommodation for the treatment of persons in their area who are suffering from tuberculosis. A new institution, containing forty beds, was to be ready for patients early next month. We opine that similar inquiry in other county areas would elicit similar admission in regard to deficiency without perhaps the evidence of praiseworthy if tardy activity. We suggest a rota of such inquiries, county by county. The appointment of the Inter-Departmental Committee to deal with the interests of discharged soldiers and sailors, the membership of which we give on p. 859, is welcome evidence that effort is not to be thrown away by

No well-informed person supposed that the socalled Dogs’ Protection Bill would be allowed to pass the House of Commons in the form in which The it left the Standing Committee’s hands. Under Secretary for Home Affairs and the Parliamentary Secretary of the Local Government Board both assured the important medical deputation which waited on the Home Office on Friday of overlapping. last week that the Government were opposed to Prevalence of Tuberculosis in -France. the objects of the Bill. Sir Humphry Rolleston, At a recent discussion of the Society of Medicine in Paris who introduced the deputation, and Sir George on notification and segregation of the tuberculous in France Makins, Sir William Osler, and Professor E. H. it was stated that there were only 12,000 beds available, Starling, who were its spokesmen, went over again whereas there were more than 800,000 persons suffering from in orderly fashion the arguments against the tuberculosis. Compulsory notification would, therefore, merely a ban on 783,000 sick persons without affording them proposed further limitation of research entailed place material help. any by the Bill if it became law-these we have Techereulosis Pensions in South Afriea. already sufficiently outlined in these columns. Minister of Mines at Cape Town moved on April 10th The Sir William Osler went so far as to state that the the second reading of a Bill dealing with miners’ phthisis. fate of the measure would be a test of the Hitherto patients in the first stage of the disease have Chamber’s intelligence, a challenge to which a received £300 and in the second stage £750 in monthly popularly elected body can hardly fail to respond. instalments. The proposal is now made to increase the Miss Aldrich-Blake added that the medical women to £375 and to substitute for the £750 a permanent of the country were opposing the Bill with a com- pension of £10 to £15 a month, subject to residence in the plete unanimity rarely attained in professional Union. To induce the miner to leave his work underground matters. Sir Hamar Greenwood concluded his before his working capacity is impaired the Bill proposes to to men in what is defined as the reply to the deputation by explaining the nature of grant a lump sum of £200 The cost of these additional benefits is ante-primary stage. the contemplated Home Office amendment, which estimated at £520,000 in the first year, £430,000 in the would have the effect of placing the dog in the second. Two-thirds of the sum required are to be levied same position as the horse under the Cruelty to from the employers, one-third from the employees. Animals Act of 1876. The American Red Cross Society in France. The January number of War Medicine, a journal published THE next session of the General Medical Council by the American Red Cross Society in France, gives will commence at 2 P.M. on Tuesday, May 27th, when monthly a long report of a conference on tuberculosis of the lungs. Sir Donald MacAlister, the President, will give an Major Rist referred to the enormous number of cases of address. chronic nasal obstruction mistaken for tuberculosis. Lieutenant-Colonel Webb drew attention to the frequency of Dr. Herbert French has been appointed Physician early morning cough merely as a result of inhaling cigarette of to His Majesty’s Household in the room of Sir smoke, and he showed that though only about 5 per cent. the American Expeditionary Force did not smoke, 32 per Robert William Burnet, K.C.V.O., resigned. cent. of the last 600 men returned to the U.S A. for tuber-

£300

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Professor C. R. Marshall has been appointed Regius chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the University of Aberdeen.

to the

Dr. Edgar Lee Collis has been appointed Talbot professor of preventive medicine at Cardiff. The appointment is in connexion with Sir William J. Thomas’s gift of money to build public health

laboratories to be worked in association with Cardiff College and the city and county public health bodies. Dr. Collis was for nine years one of H.M. Medical Inspectors of Factories at the Home Office, and is the author of various Home Office , papers dealing with occupational diseases. For the past two years he has been Director of Welfare and Health at the Ministry of Munitions, and he is also an active member of the Industrial Fatigue Research Board.

culosis happened to be non-smokers. He noted that though the chest signs of the cigarette-smoke inhaler are often mistaken for those of pulmonary tuberculosis, such men rarely develop tuberculosis. Several speakers referred to the difficulty of distinguishing tuberculous from non-tuberculous broncho-pneumonia, and the verdict that I I gassing " seldom provokes pulmonary tuberculosis was given with striking unanimity by many speakers. Widely divergent opinions were, however, voiced as to the comparative frequency with which the tubercle bacillus is responsible for pleural effusion. Sir Almroth Wright took the opportunity of re-defining his position in regard to the specificity of vaccines in general, suggesting in regard to tuberculosis that if tuberculin apparently did no good, a vaccine made from some other microbe should be given a trial. Tuberculosis Reports. Middlesbrough.-Dr. H. A. Ellis’s report deals with the period in which he has been in office up to Dec. 31st, 1918. The policy adopted during this period has been concentration on the early case instead of indiscriminate and ineffectual help for every class of case. By thus devoting most of a limited revenue to the early case, it is argued that, in time, _

855 recruiting of the advanced from the early cases will fall off, and meanwhile many of the cases already advanced will have died off. The report provides figures and other arguthe

treated at the Modern Woodmen of America Sanatorium. They found that, 4 to 9 years later, 771 patients were still living and 883 were dead (46 6 and 53’4 per cent. respectively). They calculate that the moderately advanced type of case, with tubercle bacilli in the sputum, has an even chance of living five The years after discharge. interesting observation is also made that the number of cases sent to their sanatorium, wrongly diagnosed as tuberculous, is becoming greater every year ; and that more than half of the deaths among patients in whose sputum the tubercle bacillus was not found, were due to non-tuberculous causes. A paper on the same subject, by Dr. P. K. Brown, deals with 238 patients who were traced several years after their discharge as"apparently cured," from the Arequipa Of the first-stage Sanatorium for Wage-Earning Women. cases, 68 per cent. were still well one to five years after cases

ments to justify this policy, and the claim is made that even in the period dealt with-i.e., since the outbreak of the war-results have been obtained which endorse the wisdom of the policy adopted. The report draws attention to the unwisdom of lumping juvenile, surgical and pulmonary tuberculosis together, as each requires special measures for prevention and treatment ; and it notes that while surgical tuberculosis in the North of England is either entirely neglected or treated in an archaic manner, pulmonary tuberc culosis is being successfully attacked. This success is largely due to early notification, dispensary, sanatorium, and tuberculin treatment, and to a holiday scheme which provides two to three weeks’ holiday for" working cases " threatened by a relapse. Still earlier diagnosis and notification is, however, discharge. necessary ; and the report deplores the fact that in many The North of England Tzcbere2closis Association. cases the disease is still notified only just before death. matters discussed are the of different strains Other virulence This association recently made a new departure by of tubercle bacilli of the human type, the effect of tuberculin arranging a post-graduate class for the members, made on prognosis, and classification. The North of England possible by the invitation of the trustees of the Lord Mayor tuberculosis officers, it appears, have agreed to a uniform Treloar Cripples’ Hospital and College, Alton, Hants. The course occupied four days, and the members were at work system of classification and statistics. Annual Report of the Nova Scotia Sanatorium.-This in the various departments of the institution from 11 A. M. sanatorium, which was established in 1904 by the Govern- to 7.30 P.M. each day, so they were given every opportunity ment of Nova Scotia for early cases, has published its of acquiring all the information possible in the time at their Mr. H. J. Gauvain, the medical superintendent, thirteenth annual report. Patients are charged only$5 a disposal. week and about$2 a month for laundry. These charges gave two lectures, each of an hour’s duration, daily, and cover less than half of the total cost per head ($12.50), the personally demonstrated the many procedures in the conrest of which is met by the Provincial Government. servative treatment of surgical tuberculosis. Many cases The original main building has been converted into an were aspirated, showing a method of treating tuberculous administrative block and a military tent colony-ultimately abscesses, which has yielded gratifying results in spinal The rest of the time was to be replaced by permanent pavilions-has sprung up to caries and hip disease. provide accommodation for 100 men. The report gives spent in the wards (where there are nearly 300 occupied tabulated records of discharges according to the patient’s beds) in demonstrating the various points of importance in health, and classifies them with special reference to diagnosis and ways of obtaining immobilisation and rectification of faulty position. A feature of the undertaking tuberculin treatment. the Institute the of for Report -Henry Phipps Study, was that the various public bodies defrayed the expenses of Treatment, and Prevention of Tuberculosis, Philadelphia.- their officers in attending the course. The fourteenth report of this institute publishes its labours in 11 concise papers which occupy the pages of the report practically from cover to cover. The subjects dealt with A CONFERENCE OF REPRESENTATIVES cover a wide range, and include such problems as the relation of tuberculosis to pregnancy, chemotherapy, racial habits OF VARIOUS MEDICAL BODIES. with reference to diet, the abiotic action of ultra-violet light, and bactericidal fluorescence excited by the X rays. A CONFERENCE of representatives of various medical The Annual Report of King George VII. Anti-tuberculosis offices of the League, Bombay, for 1917 brings out many interesting organisations was held on May 6th at the was British The Medical Association. conference called by in with the connexion tuberculosis among peculiarities It has been observed that tuberculosis the Council of the Association on the initiative of the natives in India. among females, especially among Mahomedans, generally Association of Panel Committees, which suggested that the breaks out after a confinement, and that people coming to subjects of discussion should be the possibilities of common of securing that the Medical ConBombay for the first time from localities where the disease action, the best means is less prevalent acquire tuberculosis rapidly. It has also sultative Council of the Ministry of Health should possess been found that 66 per cent, of the patients lived in one- the confidence of the great body of the profession, and the room tenement houses. During 1917, 972 patients were best means of securing the support of all medical organisatreated at the league’s two dispensaries, where altogether tions for the National Insurance Defence Trust. The following organisations were invited to send repre3433 patients have been attended to. Tuberculin has been sentatives : the Association of Panel Committees, the with and due The to selected cases given only precautions. Union, the Medical Parliamentary Comleague’s educational propaganda has been conducted with Medico-Political the help of leaflets, lectures, pictorial demonstrations, a mittee, the Medical Women’s Federation, the National ’ Medical Union, the State Medical Servica Association. The museum, and an information bureau. two last-named societies have not yet replied to the invitaThe American Review of Tuberculosis. tion, probably owing to the comparative shortness of the The February number (Baltimore : National Association notice. for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis ; 35 cents) The following representatives were present: Association of begins with an account by Dr. Lawrason Brown, Dr. F. H. Panel Committees : Dr. H. J. Cardale, Dr. Peter Macdonald, Heise, and Dr. G. E. Wilson of an epidemic of typhoid Dr. B. A. Richmond, Dr. J. P. Williams-Freeman. Medicofever at the Trudeau Sanatorium. The writers also discuss Political Union : Dr. F. Coke, Dr. E. H. Stancomb, Dr. A. previous observations on typhoid fever in connexion with Welply. Medical Parliamentary Committee : Dr. C. Buttar, tuberculosis. Their experience that antityphoid inoculations Dr. A. Latham, Dr. Jane Walker, Dr. A. S. Woodwark. are not permanently injurious to the tuberculous is the Medical Women’s Federation : Dr. Jane Lane Claypon, Dr. more interesting as at a recent discussion among German Dickinson Berry. British Medical Association : Dr. M. G. and Austrian army doctors diametrically opposite views Biggs, Dr. H. B. Brackenbury, Dr. A. Cox, Dr. T. W. H. were expressed. Dr. F. M. Pottenger contributes a paper on Garstang, Dr. G. E. Haslip (acting for Dr. J. A. Macdonald, the subject, with which his name has long been associated-- unable to be present). the significance of limited respiratory movement, and the Dr. Garstang was appointed chairman, and in welcoming viscero-motor, viscero-sensory, and viscero-trophic reflexes, those present expressed the hope that all would try to put in the diagnosis of pulmonary and pleural inflammation. into the background the things on which there were A paper on the ultimate results of sanatorium treatment by differences of opinion and concentrate on the points on Dr. J. A. Rutledge and Dr. J. B. Crouch deals with 1654 which there was likely to be agreement.

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