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Tunnel rock movements and loads in squeezing sheared shale
391A
926400 Blasting induced seismicity in an ultra deep level gold mine Piterek, A; Lenhardt, W A Proc I S R M International Symposium on Static and Dynamic Considerations in Rock Engineering, Swaziland, 10-12 September 1990 P251-256. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990
of small tunnels within chalk rock, together with insight into tunnelling under wartime conditions. The largely unsupported structure has remained reasonably stable for 75 years. The stability is discussed with reference to the geological setting and the nature of chalk rock.
The contributions of blasting activities to seismic events along the stope faces of six longwalls at Western Deep Levels mine are examined. During the period of one year, a total of 624 seismic events were recorded. Occurrence of these events and the blasting times are correlated. The effects of geological features, dykes, faults and joint sets, on the seismic events are also examined. Analysis of the occurrence of rockbursts in areas with and without these geological features indicated that where geological conditions favour seismicity, blasting can act as a trigger, hastening some impending events.
926404 Engineering geological aspects of tunnels constructed for a new high-speed railway line in the Federal Republic of Germany Schenk, V Proc 6th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V4, P2503-2509. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990
926401 Tunnel rock movements and loads in squeezing sheared shale Phien-wej, N; Cording, E J Proc 6th International Congress International Association o f Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V4, P2481-2487. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 Squeezing and ravelling of sheared shale caused problems in the Stillwater Tunnel, Utah. Initial plans to drive by TBM were finally halted in a wide fault zone, and exploratory drill and blast excavation carried out. The project was completed using a TBM specially designed to cope with squeezing ground. Squeezing was caused both by the time dependent behaviour of the shale and face advance effects. The latter was greater for sections with slow driving rate and early support than for rapid advance TBM sections. Long term load on the lining was up to 7% of overburden pressure. Closure and time are linearly related on a log-log scale.
926402 Geological approach for the design of tunnels at large depth Riemer, W; Thomas, A Proc 6th International Congress International Association o f Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V4, P2489-2495. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 The Cortaderal Project in Chile required a pressure tunnel through the Cordillera at depths of cover up to 1500m. The geology is complex with andesite, tuff, and sedimentary rocks and two zones of major tectonic disturbance. A project-specific system of geotechnical classification was developed on the basis of field survey. Strength indices corresponding to these categories were evaluated in parametric studies of ground reaction reflecting the possible range of variation in the geological input. Geotechnical categorisation and local ground reaction were taken into account in tunnel design and routing. Construction and support were according to NATM principles.
926403 Grange Subway: an old military tunnel in chalk Rosenbaum, M
Proc 6th International Congress International Association o f Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V4, P2497-2501. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 The Grange Subway in Cretaceous chalk at Vimy Ridge was constructed during World War 1. It has been partially renovated and provides a chance to examine the long term stability
About 118km of twin track tunnels will be completed for the Hannover-Wurzburg high speed rail link. Two areas where geological problems were met are described. The Mundener tunnel, over 10km in length,runs through mainly thinly to medium bedded sandstones with clay/siltstone interbeds. Heavy faulting and presence of groundwater caused difficulties. The Muhlenkopf tunnel, under low cover in weathered sedimentary rocks, suffered roof and floor failures and slope instability in a cut and cover section. Remedial measures adopted are discussed.
926405 Srinagar thrust in Maneri state-ll tunnel - the anticipated tunnelling problems and the actual behaviour (Uttar Pradesh/India) Schome, S K; Rawat, J S; Negi, R S Proc 6th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V4, P2519-2525. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 The 16km long, 6m diameter headrace tunnel of the ManeriBhali project is routed through Garwhal group and Tehri formation/Simla slate rocks, the two groups being separated by the Srinagar thrust. On the basis of surface investigation in difficult terrain and limited subsurface investigation, flowing rock conditions and heavy groundwater inrush were expected over about 250m of the alignment in the thrust zone. It was found, however, that the thrust zone was only 144m wide at tunnel depth, and groundwater problems were not severe. Reasons why actual conditions were better than predicted are discussed.
926406 Engineering geological problems encountered during construction of Incegez tunnel Topal, T; Doyuran, V; Ascioglu, E Proc 6th International Congress International Association o f Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 114, P2541-2547. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 The Incegez tunnel, part of a system supplying water to Ankara, runs through volcanics, clastic sediments, and surface deposits. Agglomerates, which are locally intensely sheared, form 94% of the bedrock. Geology, site investigation, and engineering classification of the rocks are described. Major problems encountered involved heavy groundwater inflows and roof collapse. Tunnelling was by full face drill and blast, except in sheared zones, where a top heading and bench method was used. Dewatering and support procedures are described.
© 1992 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
926400 Blasting induced seismicity in an ultra deep level gold mine Piterek, A; Lenhardt, W A Proc I S R M International Symposium on Static and Dynamic Considerations in Rock Engineering, Swaziland, 10-12 September 1990 P251-256. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990
of small tunnels within chalk rock, together with insight into tunnelling under wartime conditions. The largely unsupported structure has remained reasonably stable for 75 years. The stability is discussed with reference to the geological setting and the nature of chalk rock.
The contributions of blasting activities to seismic events along the stope faces of six longwalls at Western Deep Levels mine are examined. During the period of one year, a total of 624 seismic events were recorded. Occurrence of these events and the blasting times are correlated. The effects of geological features, dykes, faults and joint sets, on the seismic events are also examined. Analysis of the occurrence of rockbursts in areas with and without these geological features indicated that where geological conditions favour seismicity, blasting can act as a trigger, hastening some impending events.
926404 Engineering geological aspects of tunnels constructed for a new high-speed railway line in the Federal Republic of Germany Schenk, V Proc 6th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V4, P2503-2509. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990
926401 Tunnel rock movements and loads in squeezing sheared shale Phien-wej, N; Cording, E J Proc 6th International Congress International Association o f Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V4, P2481-2487. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 Squeezing and ravelling of sheared shale caused problems in the Stillwater Tunnel, Utah. Initial plans to drive by TBM were finally halted in a wide fault zone, and exploratory drill and blast excavation carried out. The project was completed using a TBM specially designed to cope with squeezing ground. Squeezing was caused both by the time dependent behaviour of the shale and face advance effects. The latter was greater for sections with slow driving rate and early support than for rapid advance TBM sections. Long term load on the lining was up to 7% of overburden pressure. Closure and time are linearly related on a log-log scale.
926402 Geological approach for the design of tunnels at large depth Riemer, W; Thomas, A Proc 6th International Congress International Association o f Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V4, P2489-2495. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 The Cortaderal Project in Chile required a pressure tunnel through the Cordillera at depths of cover up to 1500m. The geology is complex with andesite, tuff, and sedimentary rocks and two zones of major tectonic disturbance. A project-specific system of geotechnical classification was developed on the basis of field survey. Strength indices corresponding to these categories were evaluated in parametric studies of ground reaction reflecting the possible range of variation in the geological input. Geotechnical categorisation and local ground reaction were taken into account in tunnel design and routing. Construction and support were according to NATM principles.
926403 Grange Subway: an old military tunnel in chalk Rosenbaum, M
Proc 6th International Congress International Association o f Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V4, P2497-2501. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 The Grange Subway in Cretaceous chalk at Vimy Ridge was constructed during World War 1. It has been partially renovated and provides a chance to examine the long term stability
About 118km of twin track tunnels will be completed for the Hannover-Wurzburg high speed rail link. Two areas where geological problems were met are described. The Mundener tunnel, over 10km in length,runs through mainly thinly to medium bedded sandstones with clay/siltstone interbeds. Heavy faulting and presence of groundwater caused difficulties. The Muhlenkopf tunnel, under low cover in weathered sedimentary rocks, suffered roof and floor failures and slope instability in a cut and cover section. Remedial measures adopted are discussed.
926405 Srinagar thrust in Maneri state-ll tunnel - the anticipated tunnelling problems and the actual behaviour (Uttar Pradesh/India) Schome, S K; Rawat, J S; Negi, R S Proc 6th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V4, P2519-2525. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 The 16km long, 6m diameter headrace tunnel of the ManeriBhali project is routed through Garwhal group and Tehri formation/Simla slate rocks, the two groups being separated by the Srinagar thrust. On the basis of surface investigation in difficult terrain and limited subsurface investigation, flowing rock conditions and heavy groundwater inrush were expected over about 250m of the alignment in the thrust zone. It was found, however, that the thrust zone was only 144m wide at tunnel depth, and groundwater problems were not severe. Reasons why actual conditions were better than predicted are discussed.
926406 Engineering geological problems encountered during construction of Incegez tunnel Topal, T; Doyuran, V; Ascioglu, E Proc 6th International Congress International Association o f Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 114, P2541-2547. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 The Incegez tunnel, part of a system supplying water to Ankara, runs through volcanics, clastic sediments, and surface deposits. Agglomerates, which are locally intensely sheared, form 94% of the bedrock. Geology, site investigation, and engineering classification of the rocks are described. Major problems encountered involved heavy groundwater inflows and roof collapse. Tunnelling was by full face drill and blast, except in sheared zones, where a top heading and bench method was used. Dewatering and support procedures are described.
© 1992 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted