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Tunneling in the people's Republic of China
~3A
832081 T~MS DEFY W A T ~ A~3 BAD GROUND TO DRIVE 21EM IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS Martin, D Tunu Tunnlg, Vl~, NIO, Nov 1982, Pll-lk
832088 COPING WITH THE PROBI]~4S OF MIXED FACE TUNNELLING Sutcliff e, H Tumm TIxunlg, V14, NS, Sept 1982, P25-28 See item 821093.
Bad ground, with mar~ faultsI a r d large i~flows of water have caused difficulties in the driving of the 21ks long Walgau water ttumel (usir~ a full face T~M). Rock suppm't methods being used imclude: rock bolts anl/or mesh ami shotcrete~ and steel ribs. Only one collapse, at the side of the ttumel, occurred: the void was filled with concrete ard steel rings installed. 832082 SLIDING RESISTANCE OF J A C ~
832089 CONS±'~UCTINGTKEUNDERSEA SECTION OF THE SEIKAN TUNNEL F~ita, M; Niahimura, T; Kitamura, A TunnTumnlg, V14, NS, Sept 1982, P31-33 Presents a case study of the construction of the 23.3km long undersea section of the Seikan Tunnel, Japan. Pilot boring, and grouting to strengthen loosened zones were carried out. Difficulties overcome included four inflows of sea water ard high soll pressures.
TUNNEL LINTNG
WashbO12~ne, J Tune Tunmlg, Vl~, NIO, Nov 1982, P17-18 Explains the wide range of sliding resistances occurring in Jacked tunnel linings. A technique of slurry lubrication is suggested to ameliorate the situation when very high sliding resistamces are likely to occur.
832090 WEST FELTHAM PIPE JACKERS PUSH INTO THE FUTURE Wallis, S Ttmn Tunnlg, VI4, NS, Sept 1982, P41-~2 A h600m tunnel of 1.8m diameter with 23 shafts is beirg constructed in West Feltham for the Thames Water Authority, using the pipe Jacking technique. The only m~Jor setback so far has been an inflow of groundwater where a dip of unstable sand arh ballast interrupted the clay layer.
832083 TS4S FOR THE Su2u'~R SIDE OF TUNNELLI~ Lovat, R Tumn Ttmnig, VIM, NI0, Nov 1982, PSI Briefly describes the developments in Lovat Tunnel Boring Machines to cope with the special problems of soft groumi tunnelling. 83208~ DRILL ARD ~ DRIVES 522M LONG CONEY GUT FLOOD ~?YW~TATION TUNNEL Martin, D Tunn Tunuig, VI4, NI0, Nov 1982, P39-40 This h~n~ drilled tunnel is being driven through finely cleaved and extensively Jointed mudstomes. Ovorbreak has been kept to a minim~m and @routing has been used where necessary to fill gaps, due to Joints, of more than a metre. 832085 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR CIRCULAR TUNNEL LININ0 Muralidhara~, K; Bremker, J; Geisaler, E Tunn T 1 ~ g , VI~, NS, Sept 1982, PI2-1~
832091 TUNNELING IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Freeman, S T; Hamburger, R; Lachel, D J Undergrotmd Space, VT, NI, July-Aug 1982, P24-30 Several case studies are used to illustrate tunnelling methods employed in China. A brief report of the rock mechanics laboratories at TongJi Unlv~rsity, Shar~ghai is also given. 832092 STRAIN FIELD AROUND A TUNNEL IN STIFF SOIL Eisenstein, Z; Ei-Nahhas, F; Thomson, S Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineoring, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, P283-288. Pt~I Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 An experimental tunnel excavated through a stiff silty clay (overconsolidated glacial till) has been extensively instrumented. The instruments provided data on a complete three-dimensional displacement field around the tunnel. From insitu measured displacements, displacement gradients and thus strains have been calculated. The derived maximum shear strain field has been compared with stress-strain testing data for the till amd used as a failure criterion to investigate the process of mobilization of shear strength and development of failure zones around the tunnel. The deduced mechanism of mobilization of shear strength provides an insight into the arching process aroumd the tunnel and explslns the low pressures observed on lining of tunnels in till. Auth.
A method is ;resented for tunnel liming design based on ultimate load theory. The design loa~s are computed from suitable load factors which are based on failure of the tunnel lining. The effect of the herding rigidity, ratio cf vertical to horizontal pressures, support conditions of the tunnel anl effect of soil stiffhess are all considered. 832086 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE LINIRD OCMPETES WITH NATM Wagner, H Tumm Ttmnlg, Vl~, NS, Sept 1982, ~5-18 The introduction cf ;recast sim@le shelled waterproof re-inforced cor~rete linings with Is;roved sealing systems has made this type of llnimg more economically viable compared with shotcrete and in situ concrete linings. 832087 JERSEY TUNNEL OVerCOMES THE LEGACY OF OLD ~RICK SEWERS Martin, D Tumm Tmmmlg, VI~, NS, Sept 1982, F23 A case stmdy of a ccm!m~essed air drainage tunnel on Jersey, D~K. Shaft sirAkimg and t1~m~elling was through salt yellow silt, with the turmel sited very near the seafront in totally waterlogged grourd. High rise tides also caused complications.
832093
PRINCIPLES OF TUNNEL DESIGN FOR SEISMIC REGIONS Fotiev~, N N; Bulymhev, N S Proc 10th Intermational Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-i9 June 1981, V1, P291-292. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 The paper deals with the basic design principles for urderground structures that are to be located in seismic regions. Design methods are described for certain types of linings for single tunnels
832081 T~MS DEFY W A T ~ A~3 BAD GROUND TO DRIVE 21EM IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS Martin, D Tunu Tunnlg, Vl~, NIO, Nov 1982, Pll-lk
832088 COPING WITH THE PROBI]~4S OF MIXED FACE TUNNELLING Sutcliff e, H Tumm TIxunlg, V14, NS, Sept 1982, P25-28 See item 821093.
Bad ground, with mar~ faultsI a r d large i~flows of water have caused difficulties in the driving of the 21ks long Walgau water ttumel (usir~ a full face T~M). Rock suppm't methods being used imclude: rock bolts anl/or mesh ami shotcrete~ and steel ribs. Only one collapse, at the side of the ttumel, occurred: the void was filled with concrete ard steel rings installed. 832082 SLIDING RESISTANCE OF J A C ~
832089 CONS±'~UCTINGTKEUNDERSEA SECTION OF THE SEIKAN TUNNEL F~ita, M; Niahimura, T; Kitamura, A TunnTumnlg, V14, NS, Sept 1982, P31-33 Presents a case study of the construction of the 23.3km long undersea section of the Seikan Tunnel, Japan. Pilot boring, and grouting to strengthen loosened zones were carried out. Difficulties overcome included four inflows of sea water ard high soll pressures.
TUNNEL LINTNG
WashbO12~ne, J Tune Tunmlg, Vl~, NIO, Nov 1982, P17-18 Explains the wide range of sliding resistances occurring in Jacked tunnel linings. A technique of slurry lubrication is suggested to ameliorate the situation when very high sliding resistamces are likely to occur.
832090 WEST FELTHAM PIPE JACKERS PUSH INTO THE FUTURE Wallis, S Ttmn Tunnlg, VI4, NS, Sept 1982, P41-~2 A h600m tunnel of 1.8m diameter with 23 shafts is beirg constructed in West Feltham for the Thames Water Authority, using the pipe Jacking technique. The only m~Jor setback so far has been an inflow of groundwater where a dip of unstable sand arh ballast interrupted the clay layer.
832083 TS4S FOR THE Su2u'~R SIDE OF TUNNELLI~ Lovat, R Tumn Ttmnig, VIM, NI0, Nov 1982, PSI Briefly describes the developments in Lovat Tunnel Boring Machines to cope with the special problems of soft groumi tunnelling. 83208~ DRILL ARD ~ DRIVES 522M LONG CONEY GUT FLOOD ~?YW~TATION TUNNEL Martin, D Tunn Tunuig, VI4, NI0, Nov 1982, P39-40 This h~n~ drilled tunnel is being driven through finely cleaved and extensively Jointed mudstomes. Ovorbreak has been kept to a minim~m and @routing has been used where necessary to fill gaps, due to Joints, of more than a metre. 832085 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR CIRCULAR TUNNEL LININ0 Muralidhara~, K; Bremker, J; Geisaler, E Tunn T 1 ~ g , VI~, NS, Sept 1982, PI2-1~
832091 TUNNELING IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Freeman, S T; Hamburger, R; Lachel, D J Undergrotmd Space, VT, NI, July-Aug 1982, P24-30 Several case studies are used to illustrate tunnelling methods employed in China. A brief report of the rock mechanics laboratories at TongJi Unlv~rsity, Shar~ghai is also given. 832092 STRAIN FIELD AROUND A TUNNEL IN STIFF SOIL Eisenstein, Z; Ei-Nahhas, F; Thomson, S Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineoring, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, P283-288. Pt~I Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 An experimental tunnel excavated through a stiff silty clay (overconsolidated glacial till) has been extensively instrumented. The instruments provided data on a complete three-dimensional displacement field around the tunnel. From insitu measured displacements, displacement gradients and thus strains have been calculated. The derived maximum shear strain field has been compared with stress-strain testing data for the till amd used as a failure criterion to investigate the process of mobilization of shear strength and development of failure zones around the tunnel. The deduced mechanism of mobilization of shear strength provides an insight into the arching process aroumd the tunnel and explslns the low pressures observed on lining of tunnels in till. Auth.
A method is ;resented for tunnel liming design based on ultimate load theory. The design loa~s are computed from suitable load factors which are based on failure of the tunnel lining. The effect of the herding rigidity, ratio cf vertical to horizontal pressures, support conditions of the tunnel anl effect of soil stiffhess are all considered. 832086 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE LINIRD OCMPETES WITH NATM Wagner, H Tumm Ttmnlg, Vl~, NS, Sept 1982, ~5-18 The introduction cf ;recast sim@le shelled waterproof re-inforced cor~rete linings with Is;roved sealing systems has made this type of llnimg more economically viable compared with shotcrete and in situ concrete linings. 832087 JERSEY TUNNEL OVerCOMES THE LEGACY OF OLD ~RICK SEWERS Martin, D Tumm Tmmmlg, VI~, NS, Sept 1982, F23 A case stmdy of a ccm!m~essed air drainage tunnel on Jersey, D~K. Shaft sirAkimg and t1~m~elling was through salt yellow silt, with the turmel sited very near the seafront in totally waterlogged grourd. High rise tides also caused complications.
832093
PRINCIPLES OF TUNNEL DESIGN FOR SEISMIC REGIONS Fotiev~, N N; Bulymhev, N S Proc 10th Intermational Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-i9 June 1981, V1, P291-292. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 The paper deals with the basic design principles for urderground structures that are to be located in seismic regions. Design methods are described for certain types of linings for single tunnels