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Two interesting Cirsosia species on Calamus from India
Myco/. Res. 98
(1): 127-128 (1994)
127
Printed in Great Britain
Two interesting Cirsosia species on Calamus from India
V. B. HOSAGOUDAR 1 AND MADHUSOODHANAN PILLAI 2 1 2
Botanical Survey of India, Southern Circle, Coimbatore 641 003. India Applied Botany Division. Mangalore University. Mangalagangotri 574 199. India
Cirsosia arecacearum sp. nov. and C. globulifera (Pat.) Arx isolated from Calamus in India are described. The genus is reported for the first time from India.
Arnaud (1918) simultaneously published three generic names: Cirsosia Am., Cirsosiella Am. and Halbanina Am. Stevens & Ryan (1939) recognized Cirsosia with one species and Cirsosiella with three species. Cirsosiella was differentiated in having paraphyses. Muller & Arx (1962) treated Cirsosiella and Halbania as synonymous with Cirsosia and included four
species in the genus, namely, C. manaosensis (Henn.) Am., C. globulifera (Pat.) Arx, C. transversalis (Sydow & P. Sydow) Bat. & Maia and C. irregularis (Sydow & P. Sydow) Arx. Of these, C. globulifera and C. transversalis have been reported on Calamus species. However, the host identity of the latter species has been questioned by Muller & Arx (1962). Subsequently, Eriksson & Hawksworth (1986) reduced two other genera, Lembopodia Bat. and Morqueria Bat. & Maia to synonymy with Cirsosia. The present paper gives an account
A A
B
,.. @ /".
j
~
B
10 11m
100 11m IOllm
~-" ~ .. ,.,.:.~ '
.
D
Fig. 1. Cirsosia arecacearum. A, Intercalary hyphopodiate mycelium; B, thyrothecium; C, asci; D, ascospores.
L.,.· .,
. .
.
r~..
' . '
":
..
C
B "
,
.
'
101l~8 .
.,
.~
D
Fig. 2. Cirsosia globulifera. A, Intercalary hyphopodiate mycelium; B, thyrothecium; C, asci; D. ascospores.
Cirsosia species on Calamus
128
of two species of Cirsosia collected on Calamus species from India and is a first record of this genus from India (Bilgrami, Jamaluddin & Rizwi 1979, 1981; Sarbhoy, Agarwal & Varshney, 1986), the earlier records being from the Philippines (Muller & Arx, 1962). The genus Cirsosia is characterized by the mycelium being superficial, brown, branched and septate; hyphopodia round to ovate, intercalary or slightly lateral on the hyphae, haustoria produced into the host cells from the lower surface of the hyphopodia; thyrothecia ellipsoidal to elongated with a longitudinal slit in the centre at maturity; asci globose to ovate, 4-8-spored; spores brown, I-septate. Type species: Cirsosia manaosensis (Henn.) Am.
Asterina globulifera (Pat.) Theiss., Abh. Zool.-Bat, Ges. Wien 7: 56 (1913). Cirsosiella globulifera (Pat.) Am" Ann. Ecole Nat. Agric, Montp. 16: 127 (1918). Asterina bakeri Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 367 (1916). Asterolibertia bakeri (Sydow & P. Sydow) Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. London 160: 139 (1949). (Fig. 2) Colonies epiphyllous subdense, black, up to 10 mm in diameter, confluent. Hyphae flexuous, brown to dark brown, branching irregular at acute angles, loosely reticulate, cells 18-31 x 3-6'5 \.1m. Hyphopodia intercalary, distantly placed, ovate, often slightly laterally, 9-12'5 x 7-9'5 \.1m, Thyrothecia scattered, rarely connate, initially round and ovate, elongated Cirsosia arecacearum V. B. Hosagoudar & M. Pillai sp. nov. at maturity with a longitudinal slit at the centre, (Fig. 1) 240-350 x 150-200 \.1m, margin fimbriate, fringed hyphae devoid of intercalary hyphopodia. Asci many, subglobose to Coloniae epiphyllae, densae, crustosae et confluentes. Hyphae rectae, ovate, octosporous, 60-74'5 x 31-46'5 I-lm. Ascospores conopposite acuteque ramosae, laxe vel dense reticulatae, cellulae globate, I-septate, initially hyaline to pale brown, later 6--12'5 x 3-5 ~m. Hyphopodia intercalaria, plerumque propinqua deep brown, 43-46'5 x 15-18'5 I-lm, upper cell slightly larger, septa, rotunda, 9-9'5 x 8-9'5 ~m. Thyrothecia orbiculares ab initio cum asterineis cellulis, opaquea et elongata vel stellata ad maturitata, wall smooth. fissura longitudinalia vel stellata ad centrum, 200-500 x 230-257 ~, On leaves of Calamus pseudo-tenuis Beccari ex Beccary & marginae fimbriatae, hyphae fringiorae densae, intense brunneae, Hook. f, (Arecaceae), Manjaparai Forest, Lower Sheikalmudy, rectae. Asci numerosi, ovati, leniter papillati ad apicem, quadrispori, Anamalai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 26 March 1990, V. B. 43-59 x 24-28 ~m. Ascosporae conglobatae, brunneae, l-septatae, Hosagoudar HCIO 30986. constrictae ad septam, 27-31 x 12-14 ~m. This species was reported on Calamus sp. from the Colonies epiphyllous dense, crustose, confluent and cover Philippines (Muller & Arx, 1962). The present collection the entire upper surface of the leaves. Hyphae straight, matches with the assigned species in all the morphological branching opposite at acute angles, loosely to closely characters except for the slightly larger ascospores reticulate, cells 6-12'5 x 3-5 1-lIn. Hyphopodia intercalary, (30-38 x 12-16 I-lm). mostly near the septa, round, 9-9'5 x 8-9'5 \.1m. Thyrothecia initially orbicular with radiating cells, opaque and elongated to We are thankful to Professor K. M. Kaveriappa and Mr B. V. stellate at maturity, splits longitudinally and stellately at the Shetty (Emeritus Scientist of BS!), Mangalore University, centre, 200-500 x 230-257 \.1m, margin fimbriate, fringed Mangalore for encouragement, and one of us (V.B.H.) is also hyphae dense, deep brown, straight. Asci many, ovate, slightly grateful to the 'Scientists' Pool Scheme' of CSIR, New Delhi papillate at the apex, quadrisporous, 43-59 x 24-28 1-lIn. for financial assistance. We are thankful to Mr A. T, Durgadas, Ascospores conglobate, brown, I-septate, constricted at the Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore for the line drawings. septum, 27-31 x 12-14 \.1m, wall smooth. On leaves of Calamus thwaitesii Beccary ex Hook f. REFERENCES (Arecaceae), Gersoppa, Kamataka, India, 17 May 1992, Arnaud, G. (1918). Les Asterinees. Annales de /'icole nalionale d'agricullure de Madhusoodhanan Pillai HCIO 30985, holotype. Monl-Pel/ier. Monl Pellier (nouv. serie) 16: 1-288. In addition to C. arecacearum described in the present paper, Bilgrami, K. 5., )amaluddin & Rizwi, M. A. (1979). Fungi of India. Pari I. Lisl only two other species C. globulifera and C. transversalis are and References. Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers: New Delhi. known to be host-specific on Arecaceae. Cirsosia transversalis Bilgrami, K.S., )amaluddin & Rizwi, M. A. (1981). Fungi of India. Pari II. differs from C. arecacearum in having larger asci Hosl Index and Addenda. Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers: New Delhi. (60-80 x 50--60 1-lIn) and larger (40-50 x 18-22 \.1m) ascospores. The new species also differs from C. globulifera in Eriksson, O. & Hawksworth, D. L. (1986). Outline of the Ascomycetes, 1986. Syslema Ascomycelum S, 185-324. having quadrisporous asci (Muller & Arx, 1962). MUller, E. & Arx,). A. V. (1962). Die Gallungen der didymosporen Pyrenomycelen Cirsosia globulifera (Pat.) Am. in MUller & Arx, Die gattungen der Pyrenomyceten p, 114 (1962).
Lembosia globulifera Pat., ]. Bot. p. 65 (1890). (Accepled 5 May 1993)
Beilriige zur Kryplogamenjlora der Schweiz 11, 1-922. Sarbhoy, A. K., Agarwal. D. K. & Varshney. ). L. (1986). Fungi of India (1977-81). Associated Publishing Company: New Delhi. Stevens, F. L. & Ryan. M. H. (1939). The Microthyriaceae. Illinois Biological Monographs 17, 1-138.
(1): 127-128 (1994)
127
Printed in Great Britain
Two interesting Cirsosia species on Calamus from India
V. B. HOSAGOUDAR 1 AND MADHUSOODHANAN PILLAI 2 1 2
Botanical Survey of India, Southern Circle, Coimbatore 641 003. India Applied Botany Division. Mangalore University. Mangalagangotri 574 199. India
Cirsosia arecacearum sp. nov. and C. globulifera (Pat.) Arx isolated from Calamus in India are described. The genus is reported for the first time from India.
Arnaud (1918) simultaneously published three generic names: Cirsosia Am., Cirsosiella Am. and Halbanina Am. Stevens & Ryan (1939) recognized Cirsosia with one species and Cirsosiella with three species. Cirsosiella was differentiated in having paraphyses. Muller & Arx (1962) treated Cirsosiella and Halbania as synonymous with Cirsosia and included four
species in the genus, namely, C. manaosensis (Henn.) Am., C. globulifera (Pat.) Arx, C. transversalis (Sydow & P. Sydow) Bat. & Maia and C. irregularis (Sydow & P. Sydow) Arx. Of these, C. globulifera and C. transversalis have been reported on Calamus species. However, the host identity of the latter species has been questioned by Muller & Arx (1962). Subsequently, Eriksson & Hawksworth (1986) reduced two other genera, Lembopodia Bat. and Morqueria Bat. & Maia to synonymy with Cirsosia. The present paper gives an account
A A
B
,.. @ /".
j
~
B
10 11m
100 11m IOllm
~-" ~ .. ,.,.:.~ '
.
D
Fig. 1. Cirsosia arecacearum. A, Intercalary hyphopodiate mycelium; B, thyrothecium; C, asci; D, ascospores.
L.,.· .,
. .
.
r~..
' . '
":
..
C
B "
,
.
'
101l~8 .
.,
.~
D
Fig. 2. Cirsosia globulifera. A, Intercalary hyphopodiate mycelium; B, thyrothecium; C, asci; D. ascospores.
Cirsosia species on Calamus
128
of two species of Cirsosia collected on Calamus species from India and is a first record of this genus from India (Bilgrami, Jamaluddin & Rizwi 1979, 1981; Sarbhoy, Agarwal & Varshney, 1986), the earlier records being from the Philippines (Muller & Arx, 1962). The genus Cirsosia is characterized by the mycelium being superficial, brown, branched and septate; hyphopodia round to ovate, intercalary or slightly lateral on the hyphae, haustoria produced into the host cells from the lower surface of the hyphopodia; thyrothecia ellipsoidal to elongated with a longitudinal slit in the centre at maturity; asci globose to ovate, 4-8-spored; spores brown, I-septate. Type species: Cirsosia manaosensis (Henn.) Am.
Asterina globulifera (Pat.) Theiss., Abh. Zool.-Bat, Ges. Wien 7: 56 (1913). Cirsosiella globulifera (Pat.) Am" Ann. Ecole Nat. Agric, Montp. 16: 127 (1918). Asterina bakeri Sydow & P. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 14: 367 (1916). Asterolibertia bakeri (Sydow & P. Sydow) Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. London 160: 139 (1949). (Fig. 2) Colonies epiphyllous subdense, black, up to 10 mm in diameter, confluent. Hyphae flexuous, brown to dark brown, branching irregular at acute angles, loosely reticulate, cells 18-31 x 3-6'5 \.1m. Hyphopodia intercalary, distantly placed, ovate, often slightly laterally, 9-12'5 x 7-9'5 \.1m, Thyrothecia scattered, rarely connate, initially round and ovate, elongated Cirsosia arecacearum V. B. Hosagoudar & M. Pillai sp. nov. at maturity with a longitudinal slit at the centre, (Fig. 1) 240-350 x 150-200 \.1m, margin fimbriate, fringed hyphae devoid of intercalary hyphopodia. Asci many, subglobose to Coloniae epiphyllae, densae, crustosae et confluentes. Hyphae rectae, ovate, octosporous, 60-74'5 x 31-46'5 I-lm. Ascospores conopposite acuteque ramosae, laxe vel dense reticulatae, cellulae globate, I-septate, initially hyaline to pale brown, later 6--12'5 x 3-5 ~m. Hyphopodia intercalaria, plerumque propinqua deep brown, 43-46'5 x 15-18'5 I-lm, upper cell slightly larger, septa, rotunda, 9-9'5 x 8-9'5 ~m. Thyrothecia orbiculares ab initio cum asterineis cellulis, opaquea et elongata vel stellata ad maturitata, wall smooth. fissura longitudinalia vel stellata ad centrum, 200-500 x 230-257 ~, On leaves of Calamus pseudo-tenuis Beccari ex Beccary & marginae fimbriatae, hyphae fringiorae densae, intense brunneae, Hook. f, (Arecaceae), Manjaparai Forest, Lower Sheikalmudy, rectae. Asci numerosi, ovati, leniter papillati ad apicem, quadrispori, Anamalai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 26 March 1990, V. B. 43-59 x 24-28 ~m. Ascosporae conglobatae, brunneae, l-septatae, Hosagoudar HCIO 30986. constrictae ad septam, 27-31 x 12-14 ~m. This species was reported on Calamus sp. from the Colonies epiphyllous dense, crustose, confluent and cover Philippines (Muller & Arx, 1962). The present collection the entire upper surface of the leaves. Hyphae straight, matches with the assigned species in all the morphological branching opposite at acute angles, loosely to closely characters except for the slightly larger ascospores reticulate, cells 6-12'5 x 3-5 1-lIn. Hyphopodia intercalary, (30-38 x 12-16 I-lm). mostly near the septa, round, 9-9'5 x 8-9'5 \.1m. Thyrothecia initially orbicular with radiating cells, opaque and elongated to We are thankful to Professor K. M. Kaveriappa and Mr B. V. stellate at maturity, splits longitudinally and stellately at the Shetty (Emeritus Scientist of BS!), Mangalore University, centre, 200-500 x 230-257 \.1m, margin fimbriate, fringed Mangalore for encouragement, and one of us (V.B.H.) is also hyphae dense, deep brown, straight. Asci many, ovate, slightly grateful to the 'Scientists' Pool Scheme' of CSIR, New Delhi papillate at the apex, quadrisporous, 43-59 x 24-28 1-lIn. for financial assistance. We are thankful to Mr A. T, Durgadas, Ascospores conglobate, brown, I-septate, constricted at the Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore for the line drawings. septum, 27-31 x 12-14 \.1m, wall smooth. On leaves of Calamus thwaitesii Beccary ex Hook f. REFERENCES (Arecaceae), Gersoppa, Kamataka, India, 17 May 1992, Arnaud, G. (1918). Les Asterinees. Annales de /'icole nalionale d'agricullure de Madhusoodhanan Pillai HCIO 30985, holotype. Monl-Pel/ier. Monl Pellier (nouv. serie) 16: 1-288. In addition to C. arecacearum described in the present paper, Bilgrami, K. 5., )amaluddin & Rizwi, M. A. (1979). Fungi of India. Pari I. Lisl only two other species C. globulifera and C. transversalis are and References. Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers: New Delhi. known to be host-specific on Arecaceae. Cirsosia transversalis Bilgrami, K.S., )amaluddin & Rizwi, M. A. (1981). Fungi of India. Pari II. differs from C. arecacearum in having larger asci Hosl Index and Addenda. Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers: New Delhi. (60-80 x 50--60 1-lIn) and larger (40-50 x 18-22 \.1m) ascospores. The new species also differs from C. globulifera in Eriksson, O. & Hawksworth, D. L. (1986). Outline of the Ascomycetes, 1986. Syslema Ascomycelum S, 185-324. having quadrisporous asci (Muller & Arx, 1962). MUller, E. & Arx,). A. V. (1962). Die Gallungen der didymosporen Pyrenomycelen Cirsosia globulifera (Pat.) Am. in MUller & Arx, Die gattungen der Pyrenomyceten p, 114 (1962).
Lembosia globulifera Pat., ]. Bot. p. 65 (1890). (Accepled 5 May 1993)
Beilriige zur Kryplogamenjlora der Schweiz 11, 1-922. Sarbhoy, A. K., Agarwal. D. K. & Varshney. ). L. (1986). Fungi of India (1977-81). Associated Publishing Company: New Delhi. Stevens, F. L. & Ryan. M. H. (1939). The Microthyriaceae. Illinois Biological Monographs 17, 1-138.