Two new records of the family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Korean Peninsula

Two new records of the family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Korean Peninsula

Journal Pre-proof Two new records of the family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Korean Peninsula Junggon Kim, Hodan Lee, Sunghoon Jung PI...

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Journal Pre-proof Two new records of the family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Korean Peninsula Junggon Kim, Hodan Lee, Sunghoon Jung PII:

S2287-884X(19)30233-X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.09.009

Reference:

JAPB 449

To appear in:

Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity

Received Date: 4 July 2019 Revised Date:

25 September 2019

Accepted Date: 27 September 2019

Please cite this article as: Kim J, Lee H, Jung S, Two new records of the family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Korean Peninsula, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.japb.2019.09.009. This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2019 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier.

Two new records of the family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Korean Peninsula Junggon Kim, Hodan Lee, Sunghoon Jung*

Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea. J. Kim. E-mail: [email protected] *

Corresponding author: Tel.: +82-42-821-5767; Fax: +82-42-823-8679, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Two species, Empicoris rubromaculatus (Blackburn, 1889) and Polytoxus armillatus Ishikawa, 1998 are first reported from the Korean Peninsula. Diagnoses and descriptions of genitalia of both species are provided with illustrations.

Keywords: Empicoris, new record, Polytoxus, Reduviidae, the Korean Peninsula

Introduction The family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha), commonly called assassin bugs, is the one of the most diverse groups of true bugs with more than 6,800 described species (Hwang and Weirauch 2012; Zhang et al 2016). Assassin bugs are mainly predatory to broad range of arthropods, but some groups in this family have specialized preys on certain groups such as millipedes (Ectrichodiinae), ants (Holoptilinae) and spiders (Emesinae) (Forthman and Weirauch 2012; Weirauch and Cassis 2006; Wignall and Taylor 2011; Zhang et al 2016). Several groups in the subfamily Triatominae or called kissing bugs are blood feeders of vertebrate, and some species are known to be able to transmit Chagas disease to human with medical importance (Lent and Wygodzinsky 1979; Zhang et al 2016). Additionally, many groups of reduviids have specific habitats such as grounds, leave of various plants, and flowers with correlated morphological characters (e.g. forelegs and body) (e.g. Forero et al 2013; Forthman and Weirauch 2018; Zhang and Weirauch 2013; Zhang et al 2016). Therefore, investigations of biodiversity and various studies for evolutionary history have been conducted. In Korea, a total of 39 species are reported, but, there has been no study of this group except for only one taxonomic study by same authors (Lee et al 2016). Through continued investigations after the previous work, two species, Empicoris rubromaculatus (Blackburn, 1889) and Polytoxus armillatus Ishikawa, 1998 are recognized for the first time to Korean fauna. In this study, morphological character and brief biological notes of two reported species are provided with illustrations and photographs.

Material and methods Photographs of habitus and genital structure of each species were taken using a Leica M165C microscope (Leica, Germany). Measurements were taken using the software installed on the same microscope. All measurements are given in millimeters (mm). To examine genitalia, genital capsule was detached and heated in 10% KOH solution at 70°C for approximately 10 minutes until the capsule was transparent. Terminology mainly follows Ishikawa (2002) for the genus Polytoxus and Ishikawa (2008) for the genus Empicoris. Specimens are deposited at the Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejeon, Korea.

Systematic accounts

Subfamily Emesinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 Tribe Ploiariolini Van Duzee, 1916 Genus Empicoris Wolff, 1811 다리침노린재속

Empicoris rubromaculatus (Blackburn, 1889) 붉은무늬다리침노린재(신칭) (Figures 1–2) Ploiariodes rubromaculatus Blackburn, 1889: 349.

Ploiariodes euryale Kirkaldy, 1908: 372 (syn. McAtee & Malloch, 1992: 95). Ploiaria scotti Distant, 1913: 163 (syn. Wygodzinsky, 1966: 383). Ploiariola sagax Horvath, 1914: 642 (syn. Wygodzinsky, 1966: 383). Empicoris tingitanus Dispons, 1955: 174 (syn. Wygodzinsky, 1966: 383).

Diagnosis. Recognized by same height of anterior and posterior lobe of head; lateral carina of posterior pronotal lobe weakly less than half of posterior lobe in lateral view; fore femur with three pale markings, in middle, in apex, and in middle of middle and apical markings (Figures 1A, B); hemelytron with irregular and small to relatively medium-sized dark spots, pterostigma tinged with red (Figure 1C); genital capsule elongated oval, lateral margin rounded, with two small and thin posterior processes (Figure 1D); paramere clavate, its apex weakly projected (Figure 1E). See Ishikawa (2008) for detailed diagnosis. Description. MALE: See Blackburn (1889) and Ishikawa (2008) for original description and for detail description of genitalia. FEMALE: As in male except for genital segment. Measurements (in mm). [Male (n=3)/Female (n=3)] Body length, clypeus–apex of membrane: 4.01– 4.13/4.06–4.14; head length, excluding collar: 0.43–0.45/0.44–0.45; head width, including compound eyes: 0.47–0.49/0.47–0.50; 1st antennal segment length: 2.05–2.11/2.02–2.08; 2nd antennal segment length: 2.03– 2.07/2.06–2.13; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.79–0.81/0.83–0.84; 4th antennal segment length: 0.37–0.38/0.32– 0.34; total antennal length: 5.24–5.37/5.23–5.39; 2nd labial segment length: 0.26–0.28/0.25–0.26; 3rd labial segment length: 0.16–0.17/0.15–0.17; 4th labial segment length: 0.16–0.17/0.15–0.16; total labial length: 0.58– 0.62/0.55–0.59; mesal pronotal length: 0.48–0.50/0.49–0.51; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 0.50– 0.52/0.51–0.54; anterior scutellumal width: 0.33–0.34/0.34–0.36; mesal scutellumal length: 0.28–0.29/0.28– 0.30; maximal width across hemelytron: 0.76–0.79/0.75–0.79; hindleg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 3.12–3.16: 4.50– 4.56: 0.13–0.15/3.18–3.20: 4.55–4.59: 0.13–0.14. Specimen examined. 3♂♂5♀♀, Jungmun-dong, Seoguipo-si, Jeju-do (Is.), Korea, on dead leaf of Washingtonia robusta, 4 ix 2015 (H.D Lee & J. Kim leg.)-coll. CNU; 1♂1♀, Sumang-ri, Namwon-eup, Seoguipo-si, Jeju-do (Is.), Korea, on dead leaf of Washingtonia robusta, 10 vii 2018 (J. Kim leg.)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Korea (new record), Azores, Belgium, Canada, Canary Islands, China (Southeastern), Croatia, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Madeira, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia (Fareast), Spain, Yemen. Biology. This species is found only in Jeju Island where Washington palm tree, Washingtonia robusta (Arecaceae) is planted in Korea. Both nymphs and adult of this species are found on the dead leaf of W. robusta with small arthropods such as small moths, flies and psocopterans (Figure 2).

Subfamily Saicinae Stål, 1859 Genus Polytoxus Spinola, 1850 고리무늬침노린재속

Polytoxus armillatus Ishikawa, 1998 등줄붉은침노린재(신칭) (Figure 3)

Polytoxus armillatus Ishikawa, 1998: 325.

Diagnosis. Recognized by body almost brown with one longitudinal dark stripe brown from posterior lobe of pronotum to apex of membrane dorsally; apical part of first antennal segment dark brown (Figure 3A); pronotum with dark stripe connecting to basal part of abdomen in middle laterally, humeral spine brownish and relatively short dorsally; spine on scutellum longest laterally (Figure 3B); apical part of femur dark brown; tibia almost pale brown except for dark ring of basal part and dark apex; tarsus dark brown; genital capsule rounded with parameres and medial process (Figures 3C, D); paramere broadly developed medially, covered with dense long and short setae, apical part upturned, its apex projected (Figure 3C); medial process slender, tapered to apex and upturned near apex laterally (Figure 3D). Description. MALE: See Ishikawa (1998) and Ishikawa and Yano (2002) for original description and for detail description of genitalia. FEMALE: As in male except for genital segment. Measurements (in mm). [Male (n=2)/Female (n=1)] Body length, clypeus–apex of membrane: 7.56– 7.63/8.13; head length, excluding collar: 0.76–0.78/0.68; head width, including compound eyes: 0.78–0.80/0.72; 1st antennal segment length: 2.86–2.89/2.63; 2nd antennal segment length: 0.94–0.96/0.91; 3rd antennal segment length: 2.12–2.15/1.95; 4th antennal segment length: 1.18–1.20/0.83; total antennal length: 7.10–7.20/6.32; 2nd labial segment length: 0.35–0.36/0.39; 3rd labial segment length: 0.27–0.29/0.26; 4th labial segment length: 0.21–0.22/0.23; total labial length: 0.83–0.87/0.88; mesal pronotal length: 1.22–1.25/1.41; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 1.30–1.33/1.38; anterior scutellumal width: 0.55–0.58/0.65; mesal scutellumal length: 1.04–1.07/1.17; maximal width across hemelytron: 1.46–1.49/1.42; hindleg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 4.01–4.09: 5.10–5.14: 0.71–0.73/3.80: 4.96: 0.80. Specimen examined. 1♂1♀, Jumae-ri, Dahap-myeon, Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, by light trap, 24 viii 2016 (H.D Lee leg.)-coll. CNU; 1♂, Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju-si, Korea, 25 ix 2017 (M Roca-Cusachs leg.)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan. Biology. This species is usually found on humid condition with lower parts of plants near waterside. Adult has been sometimes attracted to light trap in late August in Korea.

Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment We thank M. Kang and T. Kim (Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, CNU) for preparation of the figure plate. This work was supported by a basic science research program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF- 2017R1D1A3B03033847), and supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201902205).

References

Blackburn T. 1889. Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Second Series 3: 343–354. Dispons P. 1955. Les Réduviides de l’Afrique nordoccidentale. Mémoires du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Série A, Zoologie 10(2): 93–240. Distant WL. 1913. Rhynchota. Part I. Heteroptera. In: Gardiner, editor. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905 under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A. London: Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Forero D, Berniker L, Weirauch C. 2013. Phylogeny and character evolution in the bee-assassins (Insecta: Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution 66: 283–302. Forthman M, Weirauch C. 2012. Toxic associations: A review of the predatory behaviors of millipede assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodiinae). European Journal of Entomology 109: 147–153. Forthman M, Weirauch C. 2018. Phylogenetic comparative analysis supports aposematic colouration-body size association in millipede assassins (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodiinae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 31: 1071–1078. Horváth G. 1914. Miscellanea Hemipterologica. XIIIXVII. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 12: 623–660. Hwang WS, Weirauch C. 2012. Evolutionary history of assassin bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Insights from divergence dating and ancestral state reconstruction. PLoS One 7: e45523. Ishikawa T. 1998. A new species of the genus Polytoxus (Heteropera, Reduviidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 4: 325–330. Ishikawa T. 2008. The emesine assassin bug genus Empicoris (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Japan. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 151: 11–49. Ishikawa T, Yano S. 2002. A Revision of the Genus Polytoxus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Japan. Entomological Science 5(3): 341–360. Kirkaldy GW. 1908. A catalogue of the Hemiptera of Fiji. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 345–391. Lee HD, Kim J, Jung S. 2016. First record of the genus Serendiba Distant (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from the Korean Peninsula. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9: 89–90. Lent H, Wygodzinsky P. 1979. Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), and their significance as vectors of Chagas disease. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 163: 123–520. Weirauch C, Cassis G. 2006. Attracting ants: the trichome and novel glandular areas on the sternum of Ptilocnemus lemur (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Holoptilinae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 114: 28–37. Wignall AE, Taylor PW. 2011. Assassin bug uses aggressive mimicry to lure spider prey. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 278: 1427–1433. Zhang G, Weirauch C. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Harpactorini (Insecta: Reduviidae): correlation of novel predation strategy with accelerated evolution of predatory leg morphology. Cladistics 30 (4): 339–351.

Figure legend

Figure 1. Habitus and diagnostic characters of Empicoris rubromaculatus: A, habitus in lateral view; B, head and thorax in lateral view; C, hemelytron; D, genital capsule; E, paramere. . Figure 2. Habitat and live adult and nymph of Empicoris rubromaculatus: A, Washington palm tree, Washingtonia robusta (arrow: dead part); B, adult on dead leaf; C, nymph on same habitat. Figure 3. Habitus and diagnostic characters of Polytoxus armillatus: A, habitus in dorsal view; B, head and thorax in lateral view; C, genital capsule in lateral view; D, ditto, in dorsal view. .

Figures

Figure 1. Habitus and diagnostic characters of Empicoris rubromaculatus: A, habitus in lateral view; B, head and thorax in lateral view; C, hemelytron; D, genital capsule; E, paramere. .

Figure 2. Habitat and live adult and nymph of Empicoris rubromaculatus: A, Washington palm tree, Washingtonia robusta (arrow: dead part); B, adult on dead leaf; C, nymph on same habitat.

Figure 3. Habitus and diagnostic characters of Polytoxus armillatus: A, habitus in dorsal view; B, head and thorax in lateral view; C, genital capsule in lateral view; D, ditto, in dorsal view. .