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Two warehouse schemes in Hong Kong
193A are presented. Comparisons of different roadway drivage systerns are made. Research effort to develop the technology to meet the requirements is outlined.
Underground developments can compensate for lack of surface sites. Costs can be lowered by sale of extracted materials as aggregate.
913501 Integration of new technology in the South African gold mines as a survival strategy Willis, R P H Minerals, Materials and Industry, Proc 14th Congress of the Council of Mining and Mctallargical Institutions, Edinburgh, 2-6 July 1990 P509-521. Publ IMM: London, 1990
Radioactive waste disposal
Faced with the lowest profit margins since the 1950s, the South African gold mining industry has been looking at ways of reducing the cost per kilogram produced. Current economic trends in the industry and the effects of introducing new and innovative technologies as part of an integrated mining system are discussed. Improvements in face advance rates, shaft sinking technology, backfilling to reduce damage, hydropower, mechanization, hydraulic props, and blasting systems are described.
General underground storage 913502 Experience from LPG-storage in rock caverns and feasibility study for Hong Kong Nordgren, I Proc Seminar Rock Cavern-Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 8-9 December 1989 P83-93. Publ London: IMM, 1989 During the last 30 years more than 40 serious explosions have taken place in storage installations for Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), with tremendous damage and loss of lives involved. With more countries constructing underground caverns for LPG and with new methods for studying the hydrogeology and geological environment, there has been improvement in the possibilities of avoiding extra costs for reinforcing and water sealing. The balancing of economy and safety for the planning and construction of LPG terminal is presented. 913503 Two warehouse schemes in Hong Kong Littlechild, B D; Kjaerstad, O; Harley, M V; Goldstein, A L Proc Seminar Rock Cavern-Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 8-9 December 1989 P109-127. Publ London: IMM, 1989 Construction of warehouses in rock caverns has been carried out world wide, especially for the storage of foodstuffs, where there are benefits of a controlled temperature and environment. Whilst these reasons are relevant in Hong Kong, rationale behind the reported designs is that there is a growing pressure on availability of land in the right places. The methodology used to devise two warehouse configurations and illustrations how cavern engineering solutions can be varied to reflect the needs of each client are described. 913504 Singapore - a city of opportunities and challenges Broms, B B Proc Seminar Rock Cavern-Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 8-9 December 1989 P131-138. Publ London: IMM. 1989 Two main problems facing Singapore today are the lack of land and of water. However, with the annual rainfall of over 2.6m and the Bukit Timah granite that covers approximately one third of Singapore island, both problems can be solved. If only about 15% of the rainwater can be collected by an underground tunnel system, then the water problem will be solved.
See also: 913139, 913154 913505 Commentary on the program for final dispesal of high-level radioactive waste in the United States of Amerka Eriksson, L G Proc 5th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Buenos Aires, 20-25 October 1986 I/4, P2751-2772. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1990 Current USA proposals for disposal of high level radioactive waste in deep geologic repositories are outlined with details presented of the legislative framework for their construction. History and current status, and sites under consideration are described. The conceptual design of three projects, the Basalt Waste Isolation Project (Hansford, Washington),the Salt Repository Project (Deaf Smith County, Texas), and the Yucca Mountain Repository in Nevada tuff is illustrated. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in bedded salt in New Mexico is also described.
Underground construction methods 913506 AP! oilwell cementing practices Calvert, D G; Smith, D K J Pet Tecknol i/42, Nil, Not' 1990, PI364-1373 Most oil and gas wells are cased, with the liner set in the borehole and surrounded by cement. Many changes have taken place in cement standardisation and testing and field practices, particularly for deep wells. A new state-of-the-art API textbook on cementing practices has been prepared. It considers job planning and design, materials and equipment, remedial cementation in undesirable well conditions, downhole plugging, and evaluation of results. A comprehensive bibliography is appended and numerous case studies are cited. 913507 Development and application of strip mining to previously mined underground coal workings Laybourne, g A; Watts, R J S Aft lnst Min Metull 1/90. N8, Aug 1990, P187-197 The New Vaal coalfield contains three main coal seams. All have been worked, but extraction was concentrated on the middle seam. Only the lower 2.5-3m of each seam was removed. Planning of the open pit required careful consideration of dragline stability and drill and blast procedures. Initial intention was to keep pillars intact prior to coal removal, and strip burden with the minimum disturbance to old workings. This proved impractical, and pillar blasting and mining of the coal from within the collapsed zone was adopted. 913508 NATM in soft ground Sauer, G World Tunnlg V3, N6, Nor 1990, P431-437 NATM was first successfully applied in soft ground in an urban area in 1968. Many problems remain to be solved, particularly where NATM structures are in close proximity or
~, 1991 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
Underground developments can compensate for lack of surface sites. Costs can be lowered by sale of extracted materials as aggregate.
913501 Integration of new technology in the South African gold mines as a survival strategy Willis, R P H Minerals, Materials and Industry, Proc 14th Congress of the Council of Mining and Mctallargical Institutions, Edinburgh, 2-6 July 1990 P509-521. Publ IMM: London, 1990
Radioactive waste disposal
Faced with the lowest profit margins since the 1950s, the South African gold mining industry has been looking at ways of reducing the cost per kilogram produced. Current economic trends in the industry and the effects of introducing new and innovative technologies as part of an integrated mining system are discussed. Improvements in face advance rates, shaft sinking technology, backfilling to reduce damage, hydropower, mechanization, hydraulic props, and blasting systems are described.
General underground storage 913502 Experience from LPG-storage in rock caverns and feasibility study for Hong Kong Nordgren, I Proc Seminar Rock Cavern-Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 8-9 December 1989 P83-93. Publ London: IMM, 1989 During the last 30 years more than 40 serious explosions have taken place in storage installations for Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), with tremendous damage and loss of lives involved. With more countries constructing underground caverns for LPG and with new methods for studying the hydrogeology and geological environment, there has been improvement in the possibilities of avoiding extra costs for reinforcing and water sealing. The balancing of economy and safety for the planning and construction of LPG terminal is presented. 913503 Two warehouse schemes in Hong Kong Littlechild, B D; Kjaerstad, O; Harley, M V; Goldstein, A L Proc Seminar Rock Cavern-Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 8-9 December 1989 P109-127. Publ London: IMM, 1989 Construction of warehouses in rock caverns has been carried out world wide, especially for the storage of foodstuffs, where there are benefits of a controlled temperature and environment. Whilst these reasons are relevant in Hong Kong, rationale behind the reported designs is that there is a growing pressure on availability of land in the right places. The methodology used to devise two warehouse configurations and illustrations how cavern engineering solutions can be varied to reflect the needs of each client are described. 913504 Singapore - a city of opportunities and challenges Broms, B B Proc Seminar Rock Cavern-Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 8-9 December 1989 P131-138. Publ London: IMM. 1989 Two main problems facing Singapore today are the lack of land and of water. However, with the annual rainfall of over 2.6m and the Bukit Timah granite that covers approximately one third of Singapore island, both problems can be solved. If only about 15% of the rainwater can be collected by an underground tunnel system, then the water problem will be solved.
See also: 913139, 913154 913505 Commentary on the program for final dispesal of high-level radioactive waste in the United States of Amerka Eriksson, L G Proc 5th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Buenos Aires, 20-25 October 1986 I/4, P2751-2772. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1990 Current USA proposals for disposal of high level radioactive waste in deep geologic repositories are outlined with details presented of the legislative framework for their construction. History and current status, and sites under consideration are described. The conceptual design of three projects, the Basalt Waste Isolation Project (Hansford, Washington),the Salt Repository Project (Deaf Smith County, Texas), and the Yucca Mountain Repository in Nevada tuff is illustrated. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in bedded salt in New Mexico is also described.
Underground construction methods 913506 AP! oilwell cementing practices Calvert, D G; Smith, D K J Pet Tecknol i/42, Nil, Not' 1990, PI364-1373 Most oil and gas wells are cased, with the liner set in the borehole and surrounded by cement. Many changes have taken place in cement standardisation and testing and field practices, particularly for deep wells. A new state-of-the-art API textbook on cementing practices has been prepared. It considers job planning and design, materials and equipment, remedial cementation in undesirable well conditions, downhole plugging, and evaluation of results. A comprehensive bibliography is appended and numerous case studies are cited. 913507 Development and application of strip mining to previously mined underground coal workings Laybourne, g A; Watts, R J S Aft lnst Min Metull 1/90. N8, Aug 1990, P187-197 The New Vaal coalfield contains three main coal seams. All have been worked, but extraction was concentrated on the middle seam. Only the lower 2.5-3m of each seam was removed. Planning of the open pit required careful consideration of dragline stability and drill and blast procedures. Initial intention was to keep pillars intact prior to coal removal, and strip burden with the minimum disturbance to old workings. This proved impractical, and pillar blasting and mining of the coal from within the collapsed zone was adopted. 913508 NATM in soft ground Sauer, G World Tunnlg V3, N6, Nor 1990, P431-437 NATM was first successfully applied in soft ground in an urban area in 1968. Many problems remain to be solved, particularly where NATM structures are in close proximity or
~, 1991 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted