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Ultra-high Throughput TRANScryptOME Sequencing of Enchytraeus crypticus – Innovative Tool for Stress Response Assessment
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 157 (2010) S32–S34
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / c b p a
27th Congress of the newEuropean Society of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Alessandria (Italy) – Sept. 5-9, 2010 Biological effects of climatic changes and pollution: From biomarkers to system biology
Session 7: Toxicity in soil organisms and role of environmental changes INVITED LECTURE
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
1. Comparing the toxicity of a pharmaceutical (ivermectin) in the field with effects observed a single-, two- and multi-species laboratory tests
2. Ultra-high Throughput TRANScryptOME Sequencing of Enchytraeus crypticus – Innovative Tool for Stress Response Assessment
J. Jensen (Aarhus University, National Environmental Research Institute, Silkeborg, Denmark); J. Römbke (ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim/Main, Germany)
M.P.C. Ferreira (CESAM Dpt. Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal / Dpt. Animal Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands); D. Roelofs, C.A.M. van Gestel (Dpt. Animal Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands); M.J.B. Amorim, A.M.V.M. Soares (CESAM & Dpt. Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal)
Soil organisms interact in food webs that play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and mineral nutrients. Nevertheless, very limited knowledge is present on how pollutants impact species interactions in terrestrial ecosystem. Because the function of individual soil organisms is most meaningful when seen as part of the entire food web it is important to improve our measurement and understanding of how hazardous substances interact with species at a higher level of organisation. Important features of food webs are described as predatory-prey relationships, competition for resources, beneficial mutualistic interactions and commensalism. To evaluate the above mentioned species interactions under controlled conditions, semi-field systems have been used to simulate real field situations. This presentation compares the effects of the antiparasitic ivermectin observed with soil dwelling microarthropods (primarily the springtail Folsomia fimetaria) exposed in single- two- and multi-species test systems with the effects observed in a field study with dung from cattle medicated with ivermectin. The springtails were significantly stronger affected by ivermectin in two- and multi-species systems compared to the effects observed when exposed alone. No significant effects were observed in the field study at soil concentrations markedly higher than the levels causing substantial effects in the laboratory.
Enchytraeids are an ecologically relevant functional group of the soil fauna, being distributed globally and present in most soils; these important members of the food web also play a role in organic matter decomposition and in structuring the soil. Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta) is a test species frequently used in standard soil toxicity (OECD 220, 2004; ISO 16837, 2005). In the present project we aim to study the transcriptome of this species. Ultra-high throughput transcriptome sequencing using the GS FLX System has a great potential for gene expression profiling. In order to assess the highly diverse and rich transcriptomic information, the experimental design comprises a wide variety of exposure conditions. Our samples include different life stages (adults, juveniles and embryos), different temperatures and soil moisture regimes and a series of distinct toxicants to which E. crypticus are exposed at different concentrations. All samples will be tagged with multiplex identifiers in order to distinguish treatments and allow bioinformatic analysis of each stressor separately. Five environmental contaminants with distinct modes of action were tested for their toxicity to E. crypticus in standard natural LUFA 2.2 soil. EC50s for the effect on enchytraeid reproduction for carbendazim, cadmium, phenanthrene, di-chloroaniline and penta-chloroaniline were 0.004, 35, 144, 100 and 274 mg a.i./kg soil DW, respectively. With the TRANScryptOME project we aim at studying E. crypticus gene expression patterns underlying distinct environmental stress conditions.
doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.091
doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.092
1095-6433/$ – see front matter
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / c b p a
27th Congress of the newEuropean Society of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Alessandria (Italy) – Sept. 5-9, 2010 Biological effects of climatic changes and pollution: From biomarkers to system biology
Session 7: Toxicity in soil organisms and role of environmental changes INVITED LECTURE
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
1. Comparing the toxicity of a pharmaceutical (ivermectin) in the field with effects observed a single-, two- and multi-species laboratory tests
2. Ultra-high Throughput TRANScryptOME Sequencing of Enchytraeus crypticus – Innovative Tool for Stress Response Assessment
J. Jensen (Aarhus University, National Environmental Research Institute, Silkeborg, Denmark); J. Römbke (ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim/Main, Germany)
M.P.C. Ferreira (CESAM Dpt. Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal / Dpt. Animal Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands); D. Roelofs, C.A.M. van Gestel (Dpt. Animal Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands); M.J.B. Amorim, A.M.V.M. Soares (CESAM & Dpt. Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal)
Soil organisms interact in food webs that play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and mineral nutrients. Nevertheless, very limited knowledge is present on how pollutants impact species interactions in terrestrial ecosystem. Because the function of individual soil organisms is most meaningful when seen as part of the entire food web it is important to improve our measurement and understanding of how hazardous substances interact with species at a higher level of organisation. Important features of food webs are described as predatory-prey relationships, competition for resources, beneficial mutualistic interactions and commensalism. To evaluate the above mentioned species interactions under controlled conditions, semi-field systems have been used to simulate real field situations. This presentation compares the effects of the antiparasitic ivermectin observed with soil dwelling microarthropods (primarily the springtail Folsomia fimetaria) exposed in single- two- and multi-species test systems with the effects observed in a field study with dung from cattle medicated with ivermectin. The springtails were significantly stronger affected by ivermectin in two- and multi-species systems compared to the effects observed when exposed alone. No significant effects were observed in the field study at soil concentrations markedly higher than the levels causing substantial effects in the laboratory.
Enchytraeids are an ecologically relevant functional group of the soil fauna, being distributed globally and present in most soils; these important members of the food web also play a role in organic matter decomposition and in structuring the soil. Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta) is a test species frequently used in standard soil toxicity (OECD 220, 2004; ISO 16837, 2005). In the present project we aim to study the transcriptome of this species. Ultra-high throughput transcriptome sequencing using the GS FLX System has a great potential for gene expression profiling. In order to assess the highly diverse and rich transcriptomic information, the experimental design comprises a wide variety of exposure conditions. Our samples include different life stages (adults, juveniles and embryos), different temperatures and soil moisture regimes and a series of distinct toxicants to which E. crypticus are exposed at different concentrations. All samples will be tagged with multiplex identifiers in order to distinguish treatments and allow bioinformatic analysis of each stressor separately. Five environmental contaminants with distinct modes of action were tested for their toxicity to E. crypticus in standard natural LUFA 2.2 soil. EC50s for the effect on enchytraeid reproduction for carbendazim, cadmium, phenanthrene, di-chloroaniline and penta-chloroaniline were 0.004, 35, 144, 100 and 274 mg a.i./kg soil DW, respectively. With the TRANScryptOME project we aim at studying E. crypticus gene expression patterns underlying distinct environmental stress conditions.
doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.091
doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.092
1095-6433/$ – see front matter