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Ultrasonic physics
ROOK
550
ULTRASONIC PHYSICS, by E. G. Richardson. Elsevier Press, 19.52. Price, $5.00.
[_I. F. I.
REVIEWS 285 pages, diagrams,
16 X 24 cm.
Houston,
The branch of physics known as ultrasonics has undergone slow development since 1883. While the development of theories pertaining to the transmission and asborption of ultrasonic energy has kept pace with applications in fields other than physics and much has been written on these subjects, few volumes have been written describing the basic measuring tools of this branch of physics. In particular, not much unified treatment was available heretofore on the ultrasonic interferometer and its application as a precision instrument for research problems in molecular physics. Ultrasonics is a term applied to artificially produced compressional waves at frequencies above about 20 kc/s. The subject matter is treated from the point of view of one inquiring into the construction, use, accuracy, and precision of the ultrasonic interferometer. The organization and integration of the material reflects to a great extent the work which the author and his colleagues and students have carried out over the past twenty years, as well as contemporary work in other laboratories. Much of the material is a review of published data, with specific reference to the original authors and their publications, and a considerable amount of new information which should make the volume worthy of interest to specialists for review. It is doubtful that this book could serve as a textbook, but it would have application as a general reference in this limited field. Of the eight chapters, the opening three are devoted to descriptions of sources of ultrasonic energy, methods of detection and the physical properties of this radiation, and equipment and techniques for the measurement of velocity and propagation constants. It is for the latter purpose, where the measuring system is such that the acoustical waves are stationary, Several types of these measuring devices are dethat the ultrasonic interferometer is useful. scribed as well as some interesting applications of ultrasonic waves, such as for an optical diffraction grating. The remaining five chapters are devoted to a rather extensive presentation of the results of research into the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic energy in gases, liquids, solids (metal plates and rods, rubber-like materials, high polymers and fibers), and dispersive systems (aerosols and hydrosols) and into theories of anomalous propagation and relaxation theory. Throughout the book are numerous sketches of special laboratory equipment required to make the measurements which are reported. The references are up-to-date, making the volume valuable
from this point of view.
S. CHARS
154 pages, illustrations, 13 X 19 cm. THEORY OF VIBRATIONS, by N. W. McLachlan. York, Dover Publications, Inc., 1951. Price, $2.45 (cloth); $1.25 (paper).
New
This book is based upon a series of graduate course lectures given by the author at Brown University. The text presents an analytical study of vibrational problems and requires that the reader have an elementary working knowledge of Fourier’s integral theorem, operational calculus, and Bessel functions. In general the chapters are arranged in order of analytical difficulty starting with simple linear systems having one degree of freedom with emphasis on mechanical systems. The Forced vibrations of simple linear systems discussion is supplemented by electrical analogs. are then taken up and the concept of mechanical impedance is introduced. A study of an electromechanical system is included in this section along with the application of a rectangular Nonlinear systems having impulse to a simple system and its solution by operational calculus. one degree of freedom are next considered and abetted by an interesting discussion of intermodulation. The discussion of discrete systems is concluded with a short chapter on systems having more than one degree of freedom and the application of Lagrange’s equation. Analyses of continuous systems take up the remainder of the book. Transverse and longitudinal vibration of flexible strings are considered, followed by longitudinal and torsional The next chapter takes up the transverse vibration of vibration of uniform bars and tubes. bars and tubes with various end conditions and gives solutions for forced vibration by operational calculus. Vibrations of circular and annular membranes and circular plates are dis-
550
ULTRASONIC PHYSICS, by E. G. Richardson. Elsevier Press, 19.52. Price, $5.00.
[_I. F. I.
REVIEWS 285 pages, diagrams,
16 X 24 cm.
Houston,
The branch of physics known as ultrasonics has undergone slow development since 1883. While the development of theories pertaining to the transmission and asborption of ultrasonic energy has kept pace with applications in fields other than physics and much has been written on these subjects, few volumes have been written describing the basic measuring tools of this branch of physics. In particular, not much unified treatment was available heretofore on the ultrasonic interferometer and its application as a precision instrument for research problems in molecular physics. Ultrasonics is a term applied to artificially produced compressional waves at frequencies above about 20 kc/s. The subject matter is treated from the point of view of one inquiring into the construction, use, accuracy, and precision of the ultrasonic interferometer. The organization and integration of the material reflects to a great extent the work which the author and his colleagues and students have carried out over the past twenty years, as well as contemporary work in other laboratories. Much of the material is a review of published data, with specific reference to the original authors and their publications, and a considerable amount of new information which should make the volume worthy of interest to specialists for review. It is doubtful that this book could serve as a textbook, but it would have application as a general reference in this limited field. Of the eight chapters, the opening three are devoted to descriptions of sources of ultrasonic energy, methods of detection and the physical properties of this radiation, and equipment and techniques for the measurement of velocity and propagation constants. It is for the latter purpose, where the measuring system is such that the acoustical waves are stationary, Several types of these measuring devices are dethat the ultrasonic interferometer is useful. scribed as well as some interesting applications of ultrasonic waves, such as for an optical diffraction grating. The remaining five chapters are devoted to a rather extensive presentation of the results of research into the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic energy in gases, liquids, solids (metal plates and rods, rubber-like materials, high polymers and fibers), and dispersive systems (aerosols and hydrosols) and into theories of anomalous propagation and relaxation theory. Throughout the book are numerous sketches of special laboratory equipment required to make the measurements which are reported. The references are up-to-date, making the volume valuable
from this point of view.
S. CHARS
154 pages, illustrations, 13 X 19 cm. THEORY OF VIBRATIONS, by N. W. McLachlan. York, Dover Publications, Inc., 1951. Price, $2.45 (cloth); $1.25 (paper).
New
This book is based upon a series of graduate course lectures given by the author at Brown University. The text presents an analytical study of vibrational problems and requires that the reader have an elementary working knowledge of Fourier’s integral theorem, operational calculus, and Bessel functions. In general the chapters are arranged in order of analytical difficulty starting with simple linear systems having one degree of freedom with emphasis on mechanical systems. The Forced vibrations of simple linear systems discussion is supplemented by electrical analogs. are then taken up and the concept of mechanical impedance is introduced. A study of an electromechanical system is included in this section along with the application of a rectangular Nonlinear systems having impulse to a simple system and its solution by operational calculus. one degree of freedom are next considered and abetted by an interesting discussion of intermodulation. The discussion of discrete systems is concluded with a short chapter on systems having more than one degree of freedom and the application of Lagrange’s equation. Analyses of continuous systems take up the remainder of the book. Transverse and longitudinal vibration of flexible strings are considered, followed by longitudinal and torsional The next chapter takes up the transverse vibration of vibration of uniform bars and tubes. bars and tubes with various end conditions and gives solutions for forced vibration by operational calculus. Vibrations of circular and annular membranes and circular plates are dis-