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Ultrasonic welding in electronic production
ROSENBERG, L. D.
MORGAN, J. B.
Ultrasonic
testing standards for steel Test@, 23, p. 167 (1962)
products.
Non-
destructive Problems of ultrasonic methods of testing non-destructively both straight beams and those needing angled probes are discussed and numerous data about tool steels, stainless steels and high temperature alloys are given. Various means of standardization and reference blocks containing artificial discontinuities are suggested and their limitations pointed out. (24 figures) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 31)
MYERS, J. L.
Ultrasonics (1962)
and uranium.
Wrasonic
News,
6, No.
2, p. 8
Ultrasonic equipment is used for the decontamination of various items such as bellows expansion joints, valves, filter tubes and feed reactor screws. The ultrasonic method tried over 14 months is claimed to have achieved considerable economies in labour, equipment and effectiveness of cleaning and to have far surpassed expectations. Expensive components that would previously have been discarded regain much of their original permeability, thus permitting their re-use. Hazards are minimized. (8 figures) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 32)
NEPPIRAS, E. A.
Acoustic design of ultrasonic cleaners.
Akust. Zh., 8, No.
1,
p. 7 (1962) A comprehensive survey is given of the types of ultrasonic cleaner and their modes of operation. Choice of intensity, choice of transformer and methods of transmitting the ultrasonic impulses are discussed. Some constructional recommendations and an estimate of their effectiveness are given. (10 figures and 3 1 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 33)
PATERSON, J. M., MCKAIG,
Ultrasonic
H. L.,
and
Electronics,
35,
P. W.
Ultrasonic control of fatigue in metals. No. 11, p. 1345 (1962)
RAICHMAN,
1963, abstract
abstract
37)
RYUMIN,
V. P.
The use of ultrasound for the investigation of aqueous suspensions of natural non-oxide pigments. Zh. prikladnoi khimii, 35, No. 1, p. 56 (1962)
With the ultrasonic generator UZM-1 at a frequency of 23 kc/s an investigation was made of suspensions of natural iron oxide pigments in water. The results of the investigation are presented in tabular form. The following results were established: exposure to ultrasonic vibrations for 3 min reduced the time of settling to approximately a third; ultrasound may be used to improve the wetting of iron oxide pigments, thus reducing the time needed for the determination of the specific gravity to a tenth or a twentieth; the pH value of the dispersed medium increased with both the reduction of the number of dispersed phases in the system and the increase of the time of exposure. (8 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 38)
SAVCHENKO,
Lab., 28,
35)
A. Z.
Ultrasonic method for controlling the heat treatment of butt welds in steam pipes. Zavodskaya Lab., 28, No. 8, p. 996
(1962) Two separate prismatic probes for which c( = 40, are used for determining the coefficient of deterioration of the butt welds in steam pipes made of austenitic steel. With a UZD-7H flaw detector working at I.25 MC/S, 1.8 MC/S and 2.5 MC/S it is possible to determine the optimum annealing temperature and the permissible weakening of the welded joints. (1 reference and 3 graphs) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 36)
B. V.
The effect of methods of surface preparation on the quality of an ultrasonic weld. Svarochnoe proizvodstvo, 3, No. 8 (1962)
A study was made of the effect of surface films on the static strength of overlap joins in the ultrasonic welding of aluminium alloys. The possibility of increasing the strength of the welded spots by 30-50% by working of the surface is demonstrated, and methods of purifying the surface are recommended. (6 figures and 4 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 39)
SIROTYUK,
Zavodskaya
The author investigates the relation between the concentration of fatigue areas in various materials and the attenuation of ultrasonic energy. He states that by means of a graph of attenuation against fatigue it is possible to predict the moment of breaking. The possibility of constructing an instrument for continuous or periodic control of fatigue is discussed. (Ultrasonics
The author gives a description of a high power focusing ultrasonic concentrate, including both the principles on which the device has been developed and some of its characteristics. Measurements have shown that, at a frequency of about 0.5 MC/S, the average intensity of sound in the focal spot of 3.3 mm diameter averages 120,000 W/cm2 at the spot centre, corresponding to a sound pressure of approximately 600 atm. Descriptions are given of experiments performed with the concentrator. It was established that cavitation erosion in the focal spot and sonoluminescence do not exhibit monotonic growth as the power supply is increased: there is a strongly marked minimum at 7 = T/2, where T is the periodic time of the ultrasonic vibration and T is the time of cavitation bubble annihilation. (14 figures and 24 references) (Ultrasonics 1963,
DEPRISCO, c. F.
welding in electronic production.
p. 62 (June 1962) The advantages of ultrasonic welding processes and techniques are explained, together with the facts influencing a good metallurgical bond without melting of parent metals. The low temperature of the processing makes this method especially suitable for welding materials that are sensitive to heat, such as very thin wires and foils, which can be welded together, or for welding metal objects that are too thick for normal methods. (4 figures) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 34) PONOMAREV,
The generation and study of ultrasonic waves of very great intensity. Acustica, 12, NO. 1, p. 40 (1962)
M. G.
Ultrasonic
cavitation-a survey. Akust. Zh., 8, No. 3, p. 255 (1962) The article is devoted to the theory of cavitation under the action of ultrasonic waves, which has been developed from recent experimental work in this field. The following questions are considered: the volumetric strength of liquids and the theory of the formation of “weak spots” in the liquid; the behaviour of gas seeds in the acoustic field, and the formation and collapse of cavitational bubbles, the cavitational strength of the liquid and sonoluminescence. The recent observation (Degrois, M., and Badilian, B., Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., p. 231, 1962) of the periodic jump form variation of the strength of the sound and of the temperature is discussed. The author concludes by stressing the complex nature of the problem, caused by the many factors involved, and indicates that the factors which influence the strength of the liquid are of particular interest. It is observed that at present there are only qualitative data to characterize the threshold of cavitation, and that the actual pressure in the shock wave and the gas temperature at the instant of collapse of a bubble still need elucidation. (13 figures and 76 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 40)
uL’xmsoNIcs/Jan-March 1963
ABSTRACTS
4
MORGAN, J. B.
Ultrasonic
testing standards for steel Test@, 23, p. 167 (1962)
products.
Non-
destructive Problems of ultrasonic methods of testing non-destructively both straight beams and those needing angled probes are discussed and numerous data about tool steels, stainless steels and high temperature alloys are given. Various means of standardization and reference blocks containing artificial discontinuities are suggested and their limitations pointed out. (24 figures) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 31)
MYERS, J. L.
Ultrasonics (1962)
and uranium.
Wrasonic
News,
6, No.
2, p. 8
Ultrasonic equipment is used for the decontamination of various items such as bellows expansion joints, valves, filter tubes and feed reactor screws. The ultrasonic method tried over 14 months is claimed to have achieved considerable economies in labour, equipment and effectiveness of cleaning and to have far surpassed expectations. Expensive components that would previously have been discarded regain much of their original permeability, thus permitting their re-use. Hazards are minimized. (8 figures) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 32)
NEPPIRAS, E. A.
Acoustic design of ultrasonic cleaners.
Akust. Zh., 8, No.
1,
p. 7 (1962) A comprehensive survey is given of the types of ultrasonic cleaner and their modes of operation. Choice of intensity, choice of transformer and methods of transmitting the ultrasonic impulses are discussed. Some constructional recommendations and an estimate of their effectiveness are given. (10 figures and 3 1 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 33)
PATERSON, J. M., MCKAIG,
Ultrasonic
H. L.,
and
Electronics,
35,
P. W.
Ultrasonic control of fatigue in metals. No. 11, p. 1345 (1962)
RAICHMAN,
1963, abstract
abstract
37)
RYUMIN,
V. P.
The use of ultrasound for the investigation of aqueous suspensions of natural non-oxide pigments. Zh. prikladnoi khimii, 35, No. 1, p. 56 (1962)
With the ultrasonic generator UZM-1 at a frequency of 23 kc/s an investigation was made of suspensions of natural iron oxide pigments in water. The results of the investigation are presented in tabular form. The following results were established: exposure to ultrasonic vibrations for 3 min reduced the time of settling to approximately a third; ultrasound may be used to improve the wetting of iron oxide pigments, thus reducing the time needed for the determination of the specific gravity to a tenth or a twentieth; the pH value of the dispersed medium increased with both the reduction of the number of dispersed phases in the system and the increase of the time of exposure. (8 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 38)
SAVCHENKO,
Lab., 28,
35)
A. Z.
Ultrasonic method for controlling the heat treatment of butt welds in steam pipes. Zavodskaya Lab., 28, No. 8, p. 996
(1962) Two separate prismatic probes for which c( = 40, are used for determining the coefficient of deterioration of the butt welds in steam pipes made of austenitic steel. With a UZD-7H flaw detector working at I.25 MC/S, 1.8 MC/S and 2.5 MC/S it is possible to determine the optimum annealing temperature and the permissible weakening of the welded joints. (1 reference and 3 graphs) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 36)
B. V.
The effect of methods of surface preparation on the quality of an ultrasonic weld. Svarochnoe proizvodstvo, 3, No. 8 (1962)
A study was made of the effect of surface films on the static strength of overlap joins in the ultrasonic welding of aluminium alloys. The possibility of increasing the strength of the welded spots by 30-50% by working of the surface is demonstrated, and methods of purifying the surface are recommended. (6 figures and 4 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 39)
SIROTYUK,
Zavodskaya
The author investigates the relation between the concentration of fatigue areas in various materials and the attenuation of ultrasonic energy. He states that by means of a graph of attenuation against fatigue it is possible to predict the moment of breaking. The possibility of constructing an instrument for continuous or periodic control of fatigue is discussed. (Ultrasonics
The author gives a description of a high power focusing ultrasonic concentrate, including both the principles on which the device has been developed and some of its characteristics. Measurements have shown that, at a frequency of about 0.5 MC/S, the average intensity of sound in the focal spot of 3.3 mm diameter averages 120,000 W/cm2 at the spot centre, corresponding to a sound pressure of approximately 600 atm. Descriptions are given of experiments performed with the concentrator. It was established that cavitation erosion in the focal spot and sonoluminescence do not exhibit monotonic growth as the power supply is increased: there is a strongly marked minimum at 7 = T/2, where T is the periodic time of the ultrasonic vibration and T is the time of cavitation bubble annihilation. (14 figures and 24 references) (Ultrasonics 1963,
DEPRISCO, c. F.
welding in electronic production.
p. 62 (June 1962) The advantages of ultrasonic welding processes and techniques are explained, together with the facts influencing a good metallurgical bond without melting of parent metals. The low temperature of the processing makes this method especially suitable for welding materials that are sensitive to heat, such as very thin wires and foils, which can be welded together, or for welding metal objects that are too thick for normal methods. (4 figures) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 34) PONOMAREV,
The generation and study of ultrasonic waves of very great intensity. Acustica, 12, NO. 1, p. 40 (1962)
M. G.
Ultrasonic
cavitation-a survey. Akust. Zh., 8, No. 3, p. 255 (1962) The article is devoted to the theory of cavitation under the action of ultrasonic waves, which has been developed from recent experimental work in this field. The following questions are considered: the volumetric strength of liquids and the theory of the formation of “weak spots” in the liquid; the behaviour of gas seeds in the acoustic field, and the formation and collapse of cavitational bubbles, the cavitational strength of the liquid and sonoluminescence. The recent observation (Degrois, M., and Badilian, B., Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., p. 231, 1962) of the periodic jump form variation of the strength of the sound and of the temperature is discussed. The author concludes by stressing the complex nature of the problem, caused by the many factors involved, and indicates that the factors which influence the strength of the liquid are of particular interest. It is observed that at present there are only qualitative data to characterize the threshold of cavitation, and that the actual pressure in the shock wave and the gas temperature at the instant of collapse of a bubble still need elucidation. (13 figures and 76 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 40)
uL’xmsoNIcs/Jan-March 1963
ABSTRACTS
4