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Ultrastructure and electrophysiology of retina and optic nerve after intraocular xylocaine administration
375
ABSTRACTS
Changes in Weight and in the Protein/Water Ratio of the Lens in Human Senile Cataracts Q. MARAISI
AND A. PESCATORI,
Parmn
Changes in wet weight, dry weight and water content have been studied in different types of senile cataracts and compared with that of transparent control lenses. While nuclear brunescent cataract,ous lenses show normal weight and protein and water content, cortical opacification is characterized by a progressive decrease of total lens proteins associated with important terminal alterations of the percentage water content. Posterior subcapsular cataracts in very early stages of the disease have a significantly lower wet weight than control lenses but a normal protein/wat,er ratio. This is interpreted as a decreased lens growth starting far back in time and producing apparently normal lens substance and the question is raised whether it should be regarded as a manifestation of the same pathogenetic cause which determines the appearance of this type of lens opacifimt ion.
Dependence of Fructose Diphosphate Aldolase Activity (E.C.4.1.2.13) of Lenses on Pressure Changes 0. HOCK~IN
AND F. RAST,
Bonn
Twenty-four hours incubation of calf lenses under conditions simulating an increased intraocular pressure altered several metabolic criteria. In a further series of experiments we !investigated the pressure dependence of fructose diphosphate aldolase activity in lenses of different species (calf, bovine. rat, rabbit, guinea pig). In some cases the enzyme activity was influenced by the applied pressure. The pressure-dependence of fructose diphosphate aldolase in lens has subsequently been detect,ed in systems containing the puri6ed (Boehringer) enzyme and although the decrease of activit? with increasing pressure was small the differences were statistically significant. (0.025 > P>Wbl!.
Implantation of a Lacrimal Canaliculus for Drainage of Aqueous Humour From the Anterior Chamber into the Subconjunctival Space. An Animal Trial N. S. ST WI
AND A3I. HAMBERQER,
Frankfurt
Accordirlg to the question whether drainage of aqueous humour in the subconjunctival space can he improved in effectiveness and duration we have implanted a lacrimal canaliculus in the right eyes of 39 rabbits. The left eye was control eye. On 8 rabbi& we performed an Elliot’s trephining for comparison. Surgical technique: The lacrimal canaliculus is cut out with the trephine and is servered at a dept.h of 3 mm. The eyeball is opened according to Elliot (trephine-diameter: 2.0, 2.6, 3.0 and 4.0 mm). Xfter sector-iridectomy the lacrimal canaliculus is sewn into the opening made by trephining using 4 threads of catgut. The conjunctival flap is sewn up. We had never serious complications. The lacrimal canaliculus of two animals 20 and 25 weeks following operation was still clearly extant in its form and not, reduced. &ieaslirements of ocular pressure and tonography on 47 untreated rabbits (Sembutal-narcosis) show :I\-erage values of: IOP = 23.18 mmHg. C = 0.31 mm3/mmHG/min, F = 3.57 mma/min. T11e average intraocular pressure of eyes after implantation of lacrimal canaliculi and Elliot‘s trephining decreases noticeably two to three weeks following the operation: in animals with lacrimal canaliculus implantation to 5 mmHg, and after Elliot’s trephining to 10 mmHg. Eyes with Elliot’s trephining reached the pressure level of the partner eye 6 to 9 weeks after operation while the average of eyes implanted with lacrimal canaliculus measured 11.5 mmHg, and there is, twenty weeks after operation, still a difference of 7 mmHg compared to the partner eye. The facility of outflow rose in the eyes with implanted lacrimal canaliculus eight weeks after operation to an average of 0.31 to 0.53 and falls slowly to 0.38, 21 to 38 weeks following operation, According to our previous observations, the ocular pressure of rabbits can be decreased by means of an intrascleral implantation of a lacrimal canaliculus more effectively and over a longer period of time than this is possible through Elliot’s trephining.
Ultrastructure and Electrophysiology of Retina and Optic Uerve after Intraocular Xylocaine Administration I’.
IAX~KUBERGER,
Adult rabbit,s ultrastructural
K. STANGOS
AND S. KOROL.
Cenevn
were examined for electroretinogram changes of retina and optic nerve
(ERG), visual after intravitreous
e%Toked response administration
(VER) and of 0.01 g of
376
AiBSTRACTh
xylocame (Lidocame). Retinal pigmerit cpithelium and photoreceptor cells showed in nonr~l Iiltmstructure and the a-ware of ERG stayed unaltered. Synapses in the outer plexiform layer. bipolar and horizontal cells showvcd rcversib!e ultrastructural changes; b-wave and oscillatory potentials were found abolished J-2 hr after the injection, with complete recovery G-7 hr later. Conccntratirtll in the retina, as revealed by scintillation analysis after the administration of tritiated Lidocainc showed a fast rise within the first 13 min and a gradual diminution to less than 5”; of the masimunl countwithin 6 hr after t,he injection. Retinal ganglion cell layerand optic nerve fibres of large calibre showed irriversible cellular and axonnl degeneration; the first component of the biphnsic part of VER was abolished i-2 hr after t,he injection, partial recovery occured 6-12 hr later. Thr discmtc: temporal recovery of functional as well as ultrastructural changes allows a correlation of these t N o factors.
The Effect of S-Ethyl, Z-Deoxyuridine (EDU) on the Fine Structure of Rabbit Cornea1 Epithelium in Herpetic Keratitis W.LERCHEAND
B.
SCHMOLKE,H~VI,~W~
5-ethyl, 2-deoxyuridine (EDU) a pyrimidine nucleoside has proved to be effective against DLUS virus as first reported by Gauri. The inhibitory effect of EDU on the viral multiplication in experimentally induced herpetic keratitis has been studied by electronmicroscopy and morphological changes in the cornea1 epithelium of rabbit are described. Virus multiplication is inhibited 57 hr after drug administration and at this time virus particles are present only in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm. After 157 hr treatment with EDU no virus particles were observed, whereas after 178 hr without EDU treatment particles were observed in both epithelium and stroma.
ExperimentalCryoapplicationwith Variations in the PressureExerted on the Sclera M.
BRIEAYE AXD J. A. OOSTERHUIS, Leyden
Study of cryolesions produced by varying pressures exerted on temperature of -79°C and an application time of 5 sec. The histological sections were studied 4 hr, 4 days, 1 week and Significant differences were produced in lesion intensity when llO@, 165gwereused. Optimal adhesion without deleterious side-effects was obtained a pressure of 70 g.
rabbit
sclera
with
a constant
1 month after oryoapplication. scleral pressures of 36 g, 70 g, on attached
rabbit
retinas
with
The Presenceof LensAntigensin the I&a-ocular Tissuesof the Chick Eye J.
BOURSAND W.J.
VANDOORENMAALEN, Utrecht
Using total and monospecific antisera, the cross-reacting antigenic determinants between lens proteins and other intra-ocular tissues of the chick eye have been demonstrated. All intra-ocular tissues tested contained a number of antigenic determinants similar to those found in lens proteins. The results of the Osserman tests with lens antigen and lens antiserum showed an immunoprecipitin line equivalent to the FISC (First Important Soluble Crystallins) in cornea, vitreous body, aqueous humour, iris and retina, Immunoelectrophoresis of these proteins against lens- and iris-a-crystallin antisera, together with FISC-antiserum, demonstrate the presence of a-crystallin and FISC in the intra-ocular tissues studied. Isoelectric focusing experiments in flat acrylamide gels showed a great deal of conformity of lens crystallins and proteins present in these tissues. The proteins of the FISC-group of lens, which contained 6 to 7 components, were also present in the intra-ocular tissues studied, though incomplete and in low& numbers. Isoeleo&ic points were determined within 0.05 pH-unit. aCrvstallins from lens and iris were isolated bv free isoelectric focusing in a coil of polyethylene tubing, and tested against lensantiserum wi& diffusion rocket electroGhoresis. It acpe&ed”from other immunochemical studies that lens contained one a-crystallin, and that iris contained two a-crystallins with antigenic determinants similar to those found in lens. One of these iris a-crystallins shared both lens and serum determinants in one protein.
ExperimentalIris Suture(HistopathologicalStudiesonJrisSutureswith 30 p Perlonin Rabbits): Light- and Electronmicroscopy R. WITMER AND D. RAUHUT, Zurich In the rabbit eye the tissue of the iris stroma is able to produce a real scar tissue fibroblasts (melanocytes) and intercellular collagen substance. Iris wounds therefore
composed of may heal if
ABSTRACTS
Changes in Weight and in the Protein/Water Ratio of the Lens in Human Senile Cataracts Q. MARAISI
AND A. PESCATORI,
Parmn
Changes in wet weight, dry weight and water content have been studied in different types of senile cataracts and compared with that of transparent control lenses. While nuclear brunescent cataract,ous lenses show normal weight and protein and water content, cortical opacification is characterized by a progressive decrease of total lens proteins associated with important terminal alterations of the percentage water content. Posterior subcapsular cataracts in very early stages of the disease have a significantly lower wet weight than control lenses but a normal protein/wat,er ratio. This is interpreted as a decreased lens growth starting far back in time and producing apparently normal lens substance and the question is raised whether it should be regarded as a manifestation of the same pathogenetic cause which determines the appearance of this type of lens opacifimt ion.
Dependence of Fructose Diphosphate Aldolase Activity (E.C.4.1.2.13) of Lenses on Pressure Changes 0. HOCK~IN
AND F. RAST,
Bonn
Twenty-four hours incubation of calf lenses under conditions simulating an increased intraocular pressure altered several metabolic criteria. In a further series of experiments we !investigated the pressure dependence of fructose diphosphate aldolase activity in lenses of different species (calf, bovine. rat, rabbit, guinea pig). In some cases the enzyme activity was influenced by the applied pressure. The pressure-dependence of fructose diphosphate aldolase in lens has subsequently been detect,ed in systems containing the puri6ed (Boehringer) enzyme and although the decrease of activit? with increasing pressure was small the differences were statistically significant. (0.025 > P>Wbl!.
Implantation of a Lacrimal Canaliculus for Drainage of Aqueous Humour From the Anterior Chamber into the Subconjunctival Space. An Animal Trial N. S. ST WI
AND A3I. HAMBERQER,
Frankfurt
Accordirlg to the question whether drainage of aqueous humour in the subconjunctival space can he improved in effectiveness and duration we have implanted a lacrimal canaliculus in the right eyes of 39 rabbits. The left eye was control eye. On 8 rabbi& we performed an Elliot’s trephining for comparison. Surgical technique: The lacrimal canaliculus is cut out with the trephine and is servered at a dept.h of 3 mm. The eyeball is opened according to Elliot (trephine-diameter: 2.0, 2.6, 3.0 and 4.0 mm). Xfter sector-iridectomy the lacrimal canaliculus is sewn into the opening made by trephining using 4 threads of catgut. The conjunctival flap is sewn up. We had never serious complications. The lacrimal canaliculus of two animals 20 and 25 weeks following operation was still clearly extant in its form and not, reduced. &ieaslirements of ocular pressure and tonography on 47 untreated rabbits (Sembutal-narcosis) show :I\-erage values of: IOP = 23.18 mmHg. C = 0.31 mm3/mmHG/min, F = 3.57 mma/min. T11e average intraocular pressure of eyes after implantation of lacrimal canaliculi and Elliot‘s trephining decreases noticeably two to three weeks following the operation: in animals with lacrimal canaliculus implantation to 5 mmHg, and after Elliot’s trephining to 10 mmHg. Eyes with Elliot’s trephining reached the pressure level of the partner eye 6 to 9 weeks after operation while the average of eyes implanted with lacrimal canaliculus measured 11.5 mmHg, and there is, twenty weeks after operation, still a difference of 7 mmHg compared to the partner eye. The facility of outflow rose in the eyes with implanted lacrimal canaliculus eight weeks after operation to an average of 0.31 to 0.53 and falls slowly to 0.38, 21 to 38 weeks following operation, According to our previous observations, the ocular pressure of rabbits can be decreased by means of an intrascleral implantation of a lacrimal canaliculus more effectively and over a longer period of time than this is possible through Elliot’s trephining.
Ultrastructure and Electrophysiology of Retina and Optic Uerve after Intraocular Xylocaine Administration I’.
IAX~KUBERGER,
Adult rabbit,s ultrastructural
K. STANGOS
AND S. KOROL.
Cenevn
were examined for electroretinogram changes of retina and optic nerve
(ERG), visual after intravitreous
e%Toked response administration
(VER) and of 0.01 g of
376
AiBSTRACTh
xylocame (Lidocame). Retinal pigmerit cpithelium and photoreceptor cells showed in nonr~l Iiltmstructure and the a-ware of ERG stayed unaltered. Synapses in the outer plexiform layer. bipolar and horizontal cells showvcd rcversib!e ultrastructural changes; b-wave and oscillatory potentials were found abolished J-2 hr after the injection, with complete recovery G-7 hr later. Conccntratirtll in the retina, as revealed by scintillation analysis after the administration of tritiated Lidocainc showed a fast rise within the first 13 min and a gradual diminution to less than 5”; of the masimunl countwithin 6 hr after t,he injection. Retinal ganglion cell layerand optic nerve fibres of large calibre showed irriversible cellular and axonnl degeneration; the first component of the biphnsic part of VER was abolished i-2 hr after t,he injection, partial recovery occured 6-12 hr later. Thr discmtc: temporal recovery of functional as well as ultrastructural changes allows a correlation of these t N o factors.
The Effect of S-Ethyl, Z-Deoxyuridine (EDU) on the Fine Structure of Rabbit Cornea1 Epithelium in Herpetic Keratitis W.LERCHEAND
B.
SCHMOLKE,H~VI,~W~
5-ethyl, 2-deoxyuridine (EDU) a pyrimidine nucleoside has proved to be effective against DLUS virus as first reported by Gauri. The inhibitory effect of EDU on the viral multiplication in experimentally induced herpetic keratitis has been studied by electronmicroscopy and morphological changes in the cornea1 epithelium of rabbit are described. Virus multiplication is inhibited 57 hr after drug administration and at this time virus particles are present only in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm. After 157 hr treatment with EDU no virus particles were observed, whereas after 178 hr without EDU treatment particles were observed in both epithelium and stroma.
ExperimentalCryoapplicationwith Variations in the PressureExerted on the Sclera M.
BRIEAYE AXD J. A. OOSTERHUIS, Leyden
Study of cryolesions produced by varying pressures exerted on temperature of -79°C and an application time of 5 sec. The histological sections were studied 4 hr, 4 days, 1 week and Significant differences were produced in lesion intensity when llO@, 165gwereused. Optimal adhesion without deleterious side-effects was obtained a pressure of 70 g.
rabbit
sclera
with
a constant
1 month after oryoapplication. scleral pressures of 36 g, 70 g, on attached
rabbit
retinas
with
The Presenceof LensAntigensin the I&a-ocular Tissuesof the Chick Eye J.
BOURSAND W.J.
VANDOORENMAALEN, Utrecht
Using total and monospecific antisera, the cross-reacting antigenic determinants between lens proteins and other intra-ocular tissues of the chick eye have been demonstrated. All intra-ocular tissues tested contained a number of antigenic determinants similar to those found in lens proteins. The results of the Osserman tests with lens antigen and lens antiserum showed an immunoprecipitin line equivalent to the FISC (First Important Soluble Crystallins) in cornea, vitreous body, aqueous humour, iris and retina, Immunoelectrophoresis of these proteins against lens- and iris-a-crystallin antisera, together with FISC-antiserum, demonstrate the presence of a-crystallin and FISC in the intra-ocular tissues studied. Isoelectric focusing experiments in flat acrylamide gels showed a great deal of conformity of lens crystallins and proteins present in these tissues. The proteins of the FISC-group of lens, which contained 6 to 7 components, were also present in the intra-ocular tissues studied, though incomplete and in low& numbers. Isoeleo&ic points were determined within 0.05 pH-unit. aCrvstallins from lens and iris were isolated bv free isoelectric focusing in a coil of polyethylene tubing, and tested against lensantiserum wi& diffusion rocket electroGhoresis. It acpe&ed”from other immunochemical studies that lens contained one a-crystallin, and that iris contained two a-crystallins with antigenic determinants similar to those found in lens. One of these iris a-crystallins shared both lens and serum determinants in one protein.
ExperimentalIris Suture(HistopathologicalStudiesonJrisSutureswith 30 p Perlonin Rabbits): Light- and Electronmicroscopy R. WITMER AND D. RAUHUT, Zurich In the rabbit eye the tissue of the iris stroma is able to produce a real scar tissue fibroblasts (melanocytes) and intercellular collagen substance. Iris wounds therefore
composed of may heal if