UNCHASTITY AMONG SCHOOLBOYS.

302 tumour. On the opposite side no corresponding sound could be detected. The lungs were healthy; there waa an anaemic cardiac murmur; the urine contained some albumen, but no casts ; the temperature was normal, and the pulse from 80 to 90. The next day there was some hæmorrhage, and on the 15th a recurrence of pain. On April 19th the abdomen was opened under antiseptic precautions. In the peritoneal cavity a quantity of bloody serum and some firm clots were found; the cavity was carefully sponged out, The viscera and serous membrane appeared much injected, The right ovary and Fallopian tube were healthy; the uterus enlarged and soft. To the left lay a tumour the size of a goose’s egg, in appearance very like an incarcerated hernia; immediately below, and to the outer side, lay the left ovary. The tumour was soft and very elastic ; there were adhesions externally. When pricked with a needle some bloody serum exuded. It was then ligatured and removed, THE GERMAN ASSOCIATION OF NATURALISTS and the abdomen sponged out with boracic solution and AND PHYSICIANS. closed with deep and superficial sutures, the wound being THE fifty-eighth meeting of this Association, which last dressed with corrosive sublimate gauze. The patient did year met at Magdeburg, will this year meet at Strasburg. well. The tumour was egg-shaped, having at one end the All inquiries in respect to lodgings may be made to Herrn cut Fallopian tube, and at the other the fimbriated extremity, Quästor Schmidt, Universitats gebande. Notices of com- No trace of umbilical cord or embryo was discovered in the munications and abstracts of papers should be sent to Herrn cavity of the tumour or in that of the abdomen, but traces J. Stilling. The meeting will commence on Thursday, of chorion and placental tissue were found in the tumour, Sept. 17th, and terminate with excursions on Sept. 23rd. The sections are: (1) Mathematics and Astronomy; (2) Physics; UNCHASTITY AMONG SCHOOLBOYS. (3) Chemistry; (4) Pharmaceutics ; (5) Mineralogy and GeoTHE Archbishops of Canterbury and York have spoken logy ; (6) Geography; (7) Botany; (8) Zoology; (9) Anatomy and Anthropology; (10) Physiology; (11) Pathological through the Church on the gross immoralities of the day. Anatomy and General Pathology; (12) Pharmacology; The former " lays especial emphasis on the necessity for (13) Medicine; (14) Surgery; (15) Gynaecology; (16) Pædia- young men to keep themselves pure in feeling and lantrics: (17) Ophthalmology; (18) Psychology and Neurology; guage as well as in act." Such a remark should have (19) Otology; (20) Laryngology; (21) Hygiene; (22) Military weight coming from one now at the head of the Church, whose past life and best energies have been given to the Surgery; (23) Veterinary Medicine; (24) Farm Economy. intellectual and moral development of the sons of the upper. middle and upper classes of this country, first as tutorin SUCCESSFUL OPERATION IN TUBAL PREGNANCY. the head master’s house at Rugby, and subsequently for Drt. F. WESTEBMARE describes in a Swedish medical fifteen years as head master of Wellington College. This journal a case of tubal pregnancy upon which he operated justifies his speaking from a long and exceptional experience successfully. The age of the patient was twenty-three. She of theimmoral disposition which springs from impurityof began to menstruate at twelve, and always suffered a good feeling and language in youth, leading insensibly, but cer. deal at the periods. Sometimes she ceased for several tainly, to immorality in act. A " conspiracy of silence" months at a time, and for this amenorrhcea she attended the has fallen upon us, says the Archbishop of York, and Serafimerlasarettets Polyclinic in 1882. A cure was effected it is against this conspiracy of silence and secrecy in and she became quite regular. In September, 1883, she was all matters that should be public among those who have married; she menstruated regularly till December, 1884, the charge and training of the boys at our public schools when she ceased. In February, 1885, the breasts began to that we have more than once remonstrated. Root out swell and she believed herself to be pregnant. On the llth an evil from the educated classes, and the example will of March there was slight haemorrhage, which recurred three diffuse itself through all grades of society. to the lowest times in a week. On the 19th she had some pain and stratum. In the lower spheres impurity is forced upon the haemorrhage ; thinking she was about to abort, she sent for people by the conditions of their existence; but among the a midwife. On the 25th Dr. Westermark saw her and found upper classes it is sought, and follows the economic rulesof the cervix closed, the uterus enlarged and retroverted; to demand and supply. Strike at the demand and the supply the left was an elastic tumour about the size of a small fist. will cease. It is quite true, as the Archbishop says, that The patient being unable to micturate, a catheter was passed immorality is not confined to one class, but it is neverthdes and the uterus replaced. She continued in a satisfactory equally true that it prevails most in the extremes of society, condition for three days, when she was seized with diarrhoea, the highest and the lowest. In its most voluptuous and vomiting and pain. The next day she was nearly collapsed; revolting form, it implies the possession of wealth to comshe was again catheterised and the uterus replaced. Shortly mand it. The offspring of the wealthier classes often afterwards a complete cast of the uterus came away. Her inherit a disposition to unchastity; hence the greater need condition appearing serious, and being in poor circumstances, of safeguards to their boys at our great public schools, N she was admitted into the Maria Hospital on April 8th. It was the acquired disposition may become a fixed part of their noticed that there was no tenderness on palpation. Above nature. Often when a school is at its highest repute Poupart’s ligament a tumour about three or four centimetres a lessened vigilance permits a lewdness of languageto in diameter was felt. The uterus was enlarged, movable, creep in, which leads to licentiousness of feeling and anteflexed, and displaced to the right, the os being closed. unchastity in act. It is to the purity of youth that the The tumour could be felt to be distinct from the uterus, and Archbishop looks for morality in manhood. "Just as the was about the size of a goose’s egg; it was soft, elastic, smooth, twig is bent the tree’s inclined." The public schoolstot-’ and did not fluctuate. A placental souffle was heard over the which we might refer are probably as well known

at a depot established for the pur8543 were vaccinated and 3124 revaccinated. pose ; persons The health officer states that "vaccination was the only measure of any value that could be taken to arrest the progress of the scourge; isolation of one-twentieth of the cases was among natives impossible." The health officer, Dr. no have to pains to promote the Pedley, appears spared condition of the municipality, of the improvement sanitary and to his exertions undoubtedly is due much of the progress which has been made in that respect. We would suggest that in future reports more information should be given as to the amount of population in the town and the whole station respectively, as it is manifest that some error has crept into the table at the top of page 24, and no means are afforded of correcting it.

obtained, from the calf,

,

303 the Archbishop of Canterbury as to ourselves. If the evil is to be rectified, something more must be done than the mere expulsion of a few detected instances of unchastity, which is the usual, but we think harsh and useless, remedy resorted to by schoolmasters. The conditions which have fostered these will engender others. It is pre-eminently within the power of the Archbishop of Canterbury to strike effectually at the root of this evil. Words of exhortation would tell for good both on masters and pupils, and extend his Grace’s past high example as a schoolmaster altogether beyond its past and present limits. It is the especial gift of the Archbishop of Canterbury to influence boys and young men for good, and at no time has it been more needed than now. " Where the sun shines brightest the shadow is deepest." In one of his published sermons1 to the boys he says: " Masters, parents, prefects,-on all of u it rests to pray earnestly and use our intellects and hearts to find the remedy for an evil." The poison and the

antidote are side

by side.

-

CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE IN OPHTHALMIC PRACTICE.

BELOV, writing in a Russian ophthalmic journal, his experience of corrosive sublimate as a treatment for inflammation of the conjunctiva. The cases in which he used it numbered 65, and were made up as follows: 26 of catarrhal conjunctivitis, 19 of the phlyctenulous variety, 2 of the croupous,2 of the blennorrhagic, and 16 of the granular. The conclusions to which he was led were :1. Cnder the use of an extremely week solution of corrosive sublimate as a spray, inflammatory secretion quickly diminishes and in a short time disappears. In acute cases the inflammatory infiltration quickly decreases, and in chronic cases there is also a diminution of the infiltration, which, though less marked than in acute cases, is more rapid than when nitrate of silver is used. 2. Phlyctense, which quickly disappear when calomel is used, are also rapidly cured by corrosive sublimate. 3. Trachoma complicated with acute or chronic inflammation, in addition to the cure of the latter, shows a diminution in the number of the granulations. 4. In all acute inflammations where nitrate of silver is contra-indicated, instead of employing cold and leeches, a weak solution of corrosive sublimate can be used, not cnly in the form of drops and collyrium, but in extreme cases as a wash applied with a syringe. 5. In chronic inflammations and in the second stage of blennorrhoea a combination of nitrate of silver and corrosive sublimate in solution gives better results than the silver alone. 6, Good results may be anticipated from the use of a weak solution of corrosive sublimate in the form of spray as a prophylactic against ophthalmia neonatorum. The author makes the applications from two to eight times a day, continuing them for half a minute to a minute at a time, according to the quantity and nature of the secretion. The atomiser is always held close to the eye in order that the spray may be blown in with sufficient force to remove the secretion quickly and thoroughly. In all cases the lower eyelid is first turned out and then the upper, each being sprayed separately; in this way the eye is kept open so that !the whole surface of the conjunctiva is exposed to the action of the atomised fluid. In cases of phlyctenæ the spray is used with the lower lid slightly drawn out, the upper lid being at the same time held back. The author particularly recommends the sublimate treatment in cases where nitrate of silver is unsatisfactory-e.g., chronic conjunctival catarrh and conjunctivitis in scorbutic subjects, and where complicated with inflammation of the cornea. Be considers the use in ophthalmic practice of a solution of the strength of 1 to 20,000 or 1 to 10,000 quite safe. DR.

gives

1 Macmillan and Co.

MORTALITY IN ENGLISH AND CONTINENTAL CITIES. Tnm last weekly return of the Registrar-General shows a slight further increase in the death-rate from diarrhoea in the twenty-eight large English towns, notwithstanding the decline in the temperature. The annual death-rate from this cause in these towns, which had steadily increased in the preceding four weeks from 1’0 to 3.2 per 1000, further

DIARRHŒA

to 3’7 in the week ending the 8th inst; the rate during the latter week was equal to 3’9 in London (showing a decline from the rate in the previous week), and ranged upwards in the twenty-seven provincial towns to 4’6 in Sunderland, 5’5 in Leeds, 7’2 in Salford, 10’0 in Leicester, and 11’4 in Preston. High as are some of these diarrhoea rates in English towns, they appear low when compared with the rates from the same cause in many continental and foreign cities. The above-mentioned weekly return affords the means for calculating the recent death-rate from diarrhoea in several of the large foreign cities, from which it appears that the rate was equal to 3’4 in Paris and 3’7 in Brussels, or slightly below the rate in London. In St. Petersburg the rate in the week ending July 25th was 8’8, and in the preceding week it was 4’7 in Stockholm. A marked excess is shown in most of the German and Austrian cities. In Berlin, during the week ending July 18th, the rate from diarrhoeal diseases alone was 21’0 per 1000; while in the following week it was 18’0 in Breslau, 5’8 in Hamburg, and 5’4 in Dresden. In the week ending the Ist inst. it was 4’5 in Vienna and 12’8 in)1 unich. In Venice the rate was 6’4 in the week ending July 18th. In the American cities furnishing returns remarkably high rates from this cause In the week ending July llth the rate are also reported. was 17’8 in New York and 20’1 in Brooklyn; and in the following week it was 8’5 in Philadelphia and 9’2 in Baltimore. As summer diarrhoea is mainly fatal among infants, the value of these figures, for comparative purposes is to some extent discounted by the varying proportions of young children in the population of the different cities. The variations in the rates, however, are far too wide to be even largely due to this cause. That the causes of this diarrhoeal mortality are rather sanitary than meteorological may fairly be concluded from the fact that so northerly a city as St. Petersburg is suffering more severely therefrom than Vienna, Venice, and other towns in comparatively southern climes.

rose

MALINGERING. MALINGERING is a subject which may well occupy the attention of all medical men holding public appointments. Though a very old form of imposition, and in some varieties become so trite as to be nearly impracticable, it still maintains itself like a hundred other practices of dishonesty, acquiring new ruses as the old become familiar. Unfortunately for truth, the revelation of tricks in which functional diseases are simulated is rendered more difficult by the fact that a diseased condition may sometimes be actually induced and maintained without greatly endangering the prospect of recovery. Some such varieties of illness, while they last, have almost the aspect of collapse. Acute vomiting is an example. The convict Williams, who lately evaded a ten years’ term of imprisonment by a pretence of ill-health, appears to have convinced almost all about him that he was in e.ctrcm;s. Perhaps his illness, though selfinduced, was real. Equal desperation in resource has been shown by ordinary prison-breakers in their efforts to escape. Nay, the suffering and annoyance voluntarily endured by bedridden female impostors, rather than forego the interest and charity which they thus invoke, are equally remarkable. The physician and surgeon have frequent cause to guard a gainst another half-conscious form of deception. This