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Under the Auspices of the Bartol Research Foundation of The Franklin Institute
712
ASTON
ASTON
LECTURES.
[J. F. I.
LECTURES.
Under the Auspices of the Barto| Research Foundation of The Franklin Institute. Dr. F. W. Aston, F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, England, delivered a series of lectures on " Atomic Weights and Isotopes" in lhe lecture hall of the Institute on the afternoons of March 6th to Ioth, inclusive. The first lecture was delivered on the afternoon of Monday, March 6th, at 3.3o o'clock. Mr. Coleman Sellers, Jr., Vice-president of the Institute, welcomed Doctor Aston, and Dr. A r t h u r W. Goodspeed, Professor of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, M.F.I., presided. The subject of this lecture was " The Atomic Nature of Matter " and the following is a brief synopsis: The atomic structure of matter generally; ancient speculation. " Is matter infinitely divisible? " Views of Newton and the early chemists. Dalton's atomic theory. Size and number of atoms illustrated by repeated subdivision of a cube of lead. Relative delicacy of methods for the detection of elements. Modern methods of detection of single atoms. Dr. Augustus Trowbridge, Professor of Physics, Princeton University, M.F.I., presided at the second lecture on Tuesday. March 7th. Subject, " Discharge of Electricity in Gases." Special attention was given the following : Nature of low-pressure discharge. Crookes' dark space, its length at different pressures in various gases, variation with current intensity. Primary dark space. Distribution of potential in the Crookes' dark space. Failure of theories suggested. Cathode rays and positive rays. Mr. W. H. Fulweiler, Chief Chemist, United Gas Improvement Company, Philadelphia, M.F.I., presided at the third lecture on Wednesday, March 8th. Subject, " Positive Rays and Their Analysis." Special attention was given to the following: Sir J. J. Thomson's parabola method of analysis of positive rays. First proof of the approximate identity of weights of atoms of the same element. Abnormal chemical compounds. Triatomic hydrogen. Neon and its parabolas. Attempts to separate its components. Failure of fractional distillation, success of diffusion experiments. Analogy to Soddy's radioactive isotopes. " The Mass-spectrograph" was the subject of the lecture on Thursday afternoon. The following topics were considered: Problem of increasing the accuracy of positive ray analysis. Methods of focussing the rays. Principle of the mass-spectrograph. Details of its construction and experimental technic. Standard lines. Lines of the first, second and higher orders. Mass-spectra of the chemical elements neon, chlorine, etc. Remarkable results with krypton, xenon and mercury. Mass-spectra of the alkali metals. Isotopes and the periodic law. Dr. Joseph S. Ames, Director of the Physical Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, M.F.I., presided. The closing lecture o¢ the series on " Isotopes and the Structure of the Atom " was given on Friday afternoon. The following topics were considered : The whole number rule. Abnormality of hydrogen. Method of measuring masses of hydrogen and helium by "bracketing." The electrical structure of atoms, protons and electrons. The Rutherford atom and its later development
May, I922. ]
~.~EMBERS[I1P NOTES.
713
by Bohr and Langmuir. The spectra of isotopes. Their chemical identity and its probable explanation. Separation of isotopes. Possible methods. Work of Bronsted and Hevesy. Suggested explanation of the constancy of the composition of chemical elements and conjectures as to their evolution. Dr. Arthur L. Day, Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, D. C., M.F.I., presided. Physicists and Chemists were in attendance from all parts of the Eastern, Southern and Midwestern States and Canada. A paper by Doctor Aston, giving a summary of these lectures, appears in this number of the Journal.
MEMBERSH,
IP NOTES.
ELECTION TO MEMBERSHIP.
(Stated Meeting, Board of Managers, April I2, I9.'2.) LIFE MEMBERSHIP. MR. JOSEPH McCLARY EMERICK, I50I Commonwealth Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. RESIDENT MEMBERSHIP. MR. JOHN IRWIN BRIGHT, Otis Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ~fR. J. HERON CROSMAN, JR., The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MR. FREDERICH. GARRIGUES.6806 N. I lth Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MR. L. I-I. KINNARD, The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MR. HOWARD S. LEVY, I424 N. I5th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. NON-RESIDENT MEMBERSHIP. DR. L. W. MCKEEHAN, 463 West Street, New York City, New York. ~{R. FREDERICKJ. PEARSON,25 E. \Vashington Street, Chicago, Illinois. CHANGES OF ADDRESS.
MR. E. G. BASHORE, care of DR. J. D. BASHORE, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. MR. A. W. K. BILLINGS, Canadian and General Finance Company, Limited, Toronto, Canada. MR. J. V. BOSTWICK,St. Davids, Pennsylvania. DR. FRANK K. CAMPRON, 4,6 Bransford Apartments, Salt Lake City, Utah. MR. FRED DENIG, 87 Magnolia Avenue, Jersey City, New Jersey. MR. KERN DODGE,Morris Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MR. BYRON E. ELDRED,30 Nassau Road, Great Neck, Long Island, New York. MR. C. E. FOSTER, 120 St. George's Road, Ardmore, Pennsylvania. MR. GEO. W. McCLELLAND, 3112 Troost Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri. MR. FREDERICK C. FEARING, 2II2 Delancey Place, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MR. LEON W. NICHOLS, Gf~nolden, Pennsylvania.
ASTON
ASTON
LECTURES.
[J. F. I.
LECTURES.
Under the Auspices of the Barto| Research Foundation of The Franklin Institute. Dr. F. W. Aston, F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, England, delivered a series of lectures on " Atomic Weights and Isotopes" in lhe lecture hall of the Institute on the afternoons of March 6th to Ioth, inclusive. The first lecture was delivered on the afternoon of Monday, March 6th, at 3.3o o'clock. Mr. Coleman Sellers, Jr., Vice-president of the Institute, welcomed Doctor Aston, and Dr. A r t h u r W. Goodspeed, Professor of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, M.F.I., presided. The subject of this lecture was " The Atomic Nature of Matter " and the following is a brief synopsis: The atomic structure of matter generally; ancient speculation. " Is matter infinitely divisible? " Views of Newton and the early chemists. Dalton's atomic theory. Size and number of atoms illustrated by repeated subdivision of a cube of lead. Relative delicacy of methods for the detection of elements. Modern methods of detection of single atoms. Dr. Augustus Trowbridge, Professor of Physics, Princeton University, M.F.I., presided at the second lecture on Tuesday. March 7th. Subject, " Discharge of Electricity in Gases." Special attention was given the following : Nature of low-pressure discharge. Crookes' dark space, its length at different pressures in various gases, variation with current intensity. Primary dark space. Distribution of potential in the Crookes' dark space. Failure of theories suggested. Cathode rays and positive rays. Mr. W. H. Fulweiler, Chief Chemist, United Gas Improvement Company, Philadelphia, M.F.I., presided at the third lecture on Wednesday, March 8th. Subject, " Positive Rays and Their Analysis." Special attention was given to the following: Sir J. J. Thomson's parabola method of analysis of positive rays. First proof of the approximate identity of weights of atoms of the same element. Abnormal chemical compounds. Triatomic hydrogen. Neon and its parabolas. Attempts to separate its components. Failure of fractional distillation, success of diffusion experiments. Analogy to Soddy's radioactive isotopes. " The Mass-spectrograph" was the subject of the lecture on Thursday afternoon. The following topics were considered: Problem of increasing the accuracy of positive ray analysis. Methods of focussing the rays. Principle of the mass-spectrograph. Details of its construction and experimental technic. Standard lines. Lines of the first, second and higher orders. Mass-spectra of the chemical elements neon, chlorine, etc. Remarkable results with krypton, xenon and mercury. Mass-spectra of the alkali metals. Isotopes and the periodic law. Dr. Joseph S. Ames, Director of the Physical Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, M.F.I., presided. The closing lecture o¢ the series on " Isotopes and the Structure of the Atom " was given on Friday afternoon. The following topics were considered : The whole number rule. Abnormality of hydrogen. Method of measuring masses of hydrogen and helium by "bracketing." The electrical structure of atoms, protons and electrons. The Rutherford atom and its later development
May, I922. ]
~.~EMBERS[I1P NOTES.
713
by Bohr and Langmuir. The spectra of isotopes. Their chemical identity and its probable explanation. Separation of isotopes. Possible methods. Work of Bronsted and Hevesy. Suggested explanation of the constancy of the composition of chemical elements and conjectures as to their evolution. Dr. Arthur L. Day, Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, D. C., M.F.I., presided. Physicists and Chemists were in attendance from all parts of the Eastern, Southern and Midwestern States and Canada. A paper by Doctor Aston, giving a summary of these lectures, appears in this number of the Journal.
MEMBERSH,
IP NOTES.
ELECTION TO MEMBERSHIP.
(Stated Meeting, Board of Managers, April I2, I9.'2.) LIFE MEMBERSHIP. MR. JOSEPH McCLARY EMERICK, I50I Commonwealth Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. RESIDENT MEMBERSHIP. MR. JOHN IRWIN BRIGHT, Otis Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ~fR. J. HERON CROSMAN, JR., The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MR. FREDERICH. GARRIGUES.6806 N. I lth Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MR. L. I-I. KINNARD, The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MR. HOWARD S. LEVY, I424 N. I5th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. NON-RESIDENT MEMBERSHIP. DR. L. W. MCKEEHAN, 463 West Street, New York City, New York. ~{R. FREDERICKJ. PEARSON,25 E. \Vashington Street, Chicago, Illinois. CHANGES OF ADDRESS.
MR. E. G. BASHORE, care of DR. J. D. BASHORE, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. MR. A. W. K. BILLINGS, Canadian and General Finance Company, Limited, Toronto, Canada. MR. J. V. BOSTWICK,St. Davids, Pennsylvania. DR. FRANK K. CAMPRON, 4,6 Bransford Apartments, Salt Lake City, Utah. MR. FRED DENIG, 87 Magnolia Avenue, Jersey City, New Jersey. MR. KERN DODGE,Morris Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MR. BYRON E. ELDRED,30 Nassau Road, Great Neck, Long Island, New York. MR. C. E. FOSTER, 120 St. George's Road, Ardmore, Pennsylvania. MR. GEO. W. McCLELLAND, 3112 Troost Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri. MR. FREDERICK C. FEARING, 2II2 Delancey Place, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MR. LEON W. NICHOLS, Gf~nolden, Pennsylvania.