- Email: [email protected]
UNITS FOR DRUG CONCENTRATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
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505 FOR DRUG UNITS CONCENTRATIONS XBD=2419 XBD=1386 XBD=1485 XBD=1573 XBD=1792 XBD=1867 XBD=1978 XBD=2098 XBD=2239 XHG=1289 XHG=1424 XHG=1520 XHG=1609 XHG=1829 XHG=1897 XHG=2014 XHG=2134 XHG=2275 YBD=329 YBD=330 YBD=322 YBD=320 YBD=321 YHG=294>them,IN YHG=294>and YHG=293>the YHG=300>acceptance YHG=293>of YHG=302>mass YHG=292>units YHG=290>would YHG=291>facilitate BIOLOGICAL XBD=1532 XHG=2341 XBD=1603 XBD=1681 XBD=1907 XBD=2037 XBD=2236 XBD=2308 XBD=2418 XHG=1286 XHG=1564 XHG=1629 XHG=1714 XHG=1940 XHG=2071 XHG=2267 YBD=376 FLUIDS YBD=368 YBD=367 YBD=374 YBD=366 YHG=339>understanding YHG=339>of YHG=339>the YHG=340>therapeutic YHG=339>issues YHG=338>addressed YHG=338>by YHG=338>such XBD=1486 XHG=1286 YBD=420 YHG=383>monitoring. XBD=250 XHG=728 XBD=279 XBD=411 XBD=685 XBD=713 XBD=859 XBD=1033 XBD=1192 XHG=115 XHG=264 XHG=294 XHG=426 XHG=700 XHG=874YBD=439 XHG=1047 YBD=438 YBD=432 YBD=440 YBD=430 YBD=432 YBD=432 YHG=403>SIR,-As YHG=413>a YHG=402>clinical YHG=401>pharmacologist YHG=401>I YHG=408>support YHG=402>Professor YHG=402>Ratcliffe XBD=1391 XBD=1593 XBD=1643 XBD=1809 XBD=1858 XBD=2099 XBD=2260 XBD=2417 XHG=1321 XHG=1402 XHG=1604 XHG=1647 XHG=1820 XHG=1869 XHG=2109 XHG=2270 YBD=465 YBD=466 YBD=457 YHG=428>The YHG=428>importance YHG=427>of YHG=428>clarifying YHG=438>an YHG=428>unnecessarily YHG=426>confused YHG=426>situation XBD=139 XHG=743 XBD=200 XBD=350 XBD=436 XBD=522 XBD=591 XBD=632 XBD=724 XBD=792 XBD=1069 XBD=1120 XBD=1192 XHG=84 XHG=156 XHG=218 XHG=369 XHG=454 XHG=541 XHG=612 XHG=652 XHG=811 XHG=1088 XHG=1140 YBD=478 YBD=477 YBD=485 YBD=481 YBD=483 YBD=484 YBD=475 YBD=476 YBD=475 YBD=476 YHG=449>and YHG=448>Dr YHG=447>Worth’s YHG=447>plea YHG=447>(Jan YHG=447>25, YHG=456>p YHG=447>202) YHG=446>for YHG=447>standardisation YHG=447>in YHG=447>the XBD=1458 XBD=1530 XBD=1726 XBD=1793 XBD=1910 XBD=2044 XBD=2123 XBD=2260 XBD=2367 XBD=2417 XHG=1286 XHG=1477 XHG=1549 XHG=1746 XHG=1812 XHG=1928 XHG=2062 XHG=2140 XHG=2279 XHG=2384 YBD=509 YBD=502 YBD=501 YBD=510 YBD=500 YHG=473>outweighs YHG=472>the YHG=479>arguments YHG=473>for YHG=473>either YHG=479>system YHG=472>and YHG=472>further YHG=472>delay YHG=472>in XBD=230 XHG=884 XBD=277 XBD=361 XBD=619 XBD=695 XBD=793 XBD=871 XBD=936 XBD=1016 XBD=1143 XBD=1191 XHG=83 XHG=242 XHG=284 XHG=373 XHG=633 XHG=706 XHG=806 XHG=949 XHG=1029 XHG=1154 YBD=530 YBD=521 YBD=528 YBD=520 YBD=520 YBD=521 YHG=493>reporting YHG=493>of YHG=493>drug YHG=491>concentrations YHG=491>and YHG=500>agree YHG=491>that YHG=491>the YHG=491>litre YHG=491>should YHG=492>be XBD=1498 XBD=1572 XBD=1654 XBD=1706 XBD=1834 XBD=1909 XBD=2095 XBD=2260 XBD=2330 XBD=2417 XHG=1285 XHG=1510 XHG=1586 XHG=1667 XHG=1713 XHG=1847 XHG=1920 XHG=2107 XHG=2273 XHG=2343 YBD=553 YBD=555 YBD=546 YBD=554 YHG=517>rationalising YHG=517>this YHG=526>area YHG=517>of YHG=517>clinical YHG=517>and YHG=517>laboratory YHG=517>medicine YHG=526>can YHG=517>only XBD=129 XBD=204 XBD=251 XBD=386 XBD=498 XBD=548 XBD=633 XBD=823 XBD=1020 XBD=1083 XBD=1148 XBD=1197 XHG=83 XHG=140 XHG=216 XHG=256 XHG=399 XHG=510 XHG=554 XHG=645 XHG=835 XHG=1031 XHG=1093 XHG=1160 YBD=567 YBD=566 YBD=574 YBD=564 YBD=572 YBD=573 YBD=566 YBD=565 YHG=538>the YHG=537>unit YHG=537>of YHG=537>volume. YHG=536>Many YHG=535>of YHG=535>their YHG=542>arguments YHG=536>supporting YHG=536>the YHG=546>use YHG=536>of XBD=1322 XBD=1531 XBD=1576 XBD=1707 XBD=1797 XHG=1285 XHG=1336 XHG=1544 XHG=1589 XHG=1720 YBD=591 YBD=597 YBD=590 YHG=562>be YHG=561>detrimental YHG=567>to YHG=561>patient YHG=570>care. XBD=169 XHG=943 XBD=260 XBD=321 XBD=422 XBD=491 XBD=648 XBD=721 XBD=843 XBD=931 XBD=996 XBD=1190 XHG=82 XHG=180 XHG=273 XHG=332 XHG=435 XHG=503 XHG=660 XHG=732 XHG=854 XHG=1009 YBD=612 YBD=611 YBD=610 YBD=616 YBD=609 YBD=608 YBD=617 YHG=583>molar YHG=582>units YHG=590>are YHG=581>valid, YHG=582>but YHG=579>Ratcliffe YHG=580>and YHG=579>Worth YHG=579>have YHG=586>not YHG=579>adequately
" XBD=1191 XBD=234 XHG=937 XBD=298 XBD=502 XBD=557 XBD=657 XBD=723 XBD=822 XBD=921 XBD=984 XHG=82 XHG=249 XHG=314 XHG=519 XHG=564 XHG=672 XHG=739 XHG=837 XHG=999 YBD=656 YBD=654 YBD=661 YBD=660 YBD=653 YBD=661 YHG=626>addressed YHG=626>the YHG=625>importance YHG=624>of YHG=625>using YHG=624>the YHG=633>same YHG=624>units YHG=624>for YHG=625>prescribing
" XBD=1035 XBD=1190XHG=875 XBD=167 XBD=240 XBD=300 XBD=489 XBD=583 XBD=858 XBD=905 XHG=82 XHG=183 XHG=255 XHG=316 XHG=505 XHG=599 XHG=914 XHG=1051 YBD=707 YBD=699 YBD=698 YBD=706 YBD=705 YBD=704 YBD=697 YBD=697 YBD=706 YHG=671>drugs YHG=670>and YHG=670>for YHG=669>measuring YHG=669>drug YHG=668>concentrations, YHG=668>if YHG=668>clinical YHG=668>pharma" XBD=1191 XBD=218 XHG=677 XBD=397 XBD=463 XBD=512 XBD=567 XBD=661 XBD=709 XBD=864 XBD=1082 XHG=725 XHG=82 XHG=234 XHG=414 XHG=480 XHG=528 XHG=583 XHG=882 XHG=1101 YBD=751 YBD=751 YBD=743 YBD=742 YBD=750 YBD=750 YBD=751 YHG=714>cological YHG=713>principles YHG=723>are YHG=714>be YHG=713>used YHG=720>to YHG=713>improve YHG=713>prescribing. YHG=713>They " XBD=1190 XBD=166 XHG=840 XBD=239 XBD=366 XBD=459 XBD=583 XBD=630 XBD=693 XBD=787 XBD=836 XBD=946 XBD=1086 XBD=1134 XHG=82 XHG=177 XHG=250 XHG=376 XHG=471 XHG=592 XHG=641 XHG=703 XHG=798 XHG=956 XHG=1097 XHG=1138 YBD=788 YBD=787 YBD=786 YBD=786 YBD=786 YHG=765>assert YHG=759>that YHG=758>&dquo;molar YHG=757>should YHG=758>be YHG=758>the YHG=758>units YHG=757>of YHG=757>choice YHG=758>because YHG=758>of YHG=757>the
" XBD=1190 XBD=178 XHG=847 XBD=334 XBD=520 XBD=565 XBD=655 XBD=808 XBD=835 XBD=981 XBD=1067 XBD=1128 XHG=82 XHG=188 XHG=345 XHG=532 XHG=576 XHG=666 XHG=822 XHG=992 XHG=1080 XHG=1138 YBD=838 YBD=831 YBD=838 YBD=829 YBD=830 YBD=836 YBD=830 YHG=810>strong YHG=802>scientific YHG=808>arguments YHG=802>in YHG=801>their YHG=801>favour&dquo;. YHG=802>I YHG=802>contend YHG=801>that, YHG=801>for YHG=801>the
" XBD=1191 XBD=227 XHG=690 XBD=286 XBD=382 XBD=663 XBD=842 XBD=1027 XHG=82 XHG=250 XHG=305 XHG=406 XHG=866 XHG=1052 YBD=884 YBD=882 YBD=881 YBD=875 YBD=882 YBD=884 YHG=846>reporting YHG=846>of YHG=846>drug YHG=846>concentrations, YHG=845>scientific YHG=852>argument YHG=846>strongly
Clinical
Pharmacology Unit, University Department of Medicine, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G1 1 6NT
MARTIN J. BRODIE TOM MURRAY MICHAEL J. HALLWORTH
1. Brodie
MJ, McIntosh Morag E, Hallworth M. Therapeutic drug monitoring: the need for audit? Scott Med J 1985; 30: 75-82. 2. Hallworth MJ, Brodie MJ. Withering look at serum digoxin requests. Lancet 1986; i: 95-96. 3. Brodie MJ, Robson A, Murray T. Drug Convertarule. Br Med J 1983, 286: 1195-96.
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XBD=1186XHG=954 XBD=194 XBD=283 XBD=390 XBD=535 XBD=643 XBD=707 XBD=941 XBD=986 XBD=1080 XHG=81 XHG=208 XHG=297 XHG=405 XHG=549 XHG=657 XHG=721 XHG=1000 XHG=1093 YBD=921 YBD=925 YBD=927 YBD=920 YBD=919 YBD=919 YHG=891>favours YHG=900>mass YHG=890>units, YHG=891>because YHG=890>drugs YHG=899>are YHG=890>administered YHG=891>in YHG=899>mass YHG=890>units. XBD=213 XHG=837 XBD=280 XBD=398 XBD=536 XBD=607 XBD=778 XBD=829 XBD=898 XBD=1027 XBD=1129 XBD=1190 XHG=81 XHG=222 XHG=289 XHG=406 XHG=546 XHG=617 XHG=787 XHG=908 XHG=1038 XHG=1137 YBD=964 YBD=971 YBD=963 YBD=964 YBD=964 YBD=972 YHG=934>Ratcliffe YHG=935>and YHG=934>Worth YHG=935>criticise YHG=934>this YHG=940>argument YHG=944>on YHG=941>two YHG=941>counts. YHG=935>They YHG=944>say XBD=140 XHG=867 XBD=319 XBD=365 XBD=457 XBD=667 XBD=706 XBD=755 XBD=853 XBD=933 XBD=1033 XBD=1073 XBD=1161 XBD=1191 XHG=82 XHG=155 XHG=334 XHG=380 XHG=472 XHG=681 XHG=721 XHG=769 XHG=947 XHG=1048 XHG=1088 XHG=1174 YBD=1008 YBD=1007 YBD=1014 YBD=1013 YBD=1006 YBD=1006 YBD=1007 YBD=1015 YBD=1006 YHG=979>that YHG=978>&dquo;variation YHG=977>in YHG=977>drug YHG=977>metabolism YHG=977>is YHG=986>so YHG=984>great YHG=977>that YHG=977>there YHG=978>is YHG=978>only YHG=987>a XBD=157 XHG=800 XBD=291 XBD=439 XBD=523 XBD=596 XBD=789 XBD=925 XBD=1017 XBD=1190 XHG=81 XHG=168 XHG=301 XHG=450 XHG=535 XHG=606 XHG=939 XHG=1029 YBD=1052 YBD=1058 YBD=1051 YBD=1051 YBD=1059 YHG=1023>weak YHG=1022>relation YHG=1022>between YHG=1022>dose YHG=1022>and YHG=1021>circulating YHG=1021>levels&dquo;. YHG=1022>This YHG=1028>argument TRAINING OF BLACK DOCTORS IN SOUTH AFRICA XBD=101 XHG=901 XBD=187 XBD=283 XBD=348 XBD=451 XBD=573 XBD=656 XBD=721 XBD=833 XBD=888 XBD=986 XBD=1057 XBD=1188 XHG=80 XHG=119 XHG=205 XHG=301 XHG=367 XHG=470 XHG=594 XHG=673 XHG=739 XHG=851 XHG=1005 XHG=1076 YBD=1097 YBD=1104 YBD=1105 YBD=1096 YBD=1097 YBD=1097 YHG=1068>is YHG=1067>only YHG=1067>valid YHG=1076>some YHG=1067>drugs, YHG=1068>and YHG=1067>for YHG=1076>many YHG=1067>of YHG=1067>these YHG=1068>the YHG=1067>factors XBD=225 XBD=290 XBD=625 XBD=843 XBD=917 XBD=970 XBD=1112 XBD=1189 XHG=79 XHG=240 XHG=307 XHG=642 XHG=860 XHG=933 XHG=987 XHG=1128 YBD=1149 YBD=1140 YBD=1149 YBD=1141 YBD=1141 YBD=1141 YHG=1112>upsetting YHG=1111>the YHG=1112>dose/concentration YHG=1112>relationship YHG=1121>can YHG=1113>be YHG=1112>defined YHG=1112>and XBD=1435 XHG=2367 XBD=1562 XBD=1642 XBD=1695 XBD=1825 XBD=1905 XBD=1962 XBD=2044 XBD=2164 XBD=2285 XBD=2346 XBD=2414 XHG=1320 YBD=1155 XHG=1457 XHG=1582 XHG=1663 XHG=1717 XHG=1846 XHG=1927 XHG=1983 XHG=2067 XHG=2186 XHG=2305 YBD=1161 YHG=1126>Dr YBD=1156 YBD=1164 YHG=1126>SIR,-I YHG=1127>would YHG=1127>like YHG=1134>to YHG=1127>clarify YHG=1135>one YHG=1136>or YHG=1133>two YHG=1126>issues YHG=1127>raised YHG=1127>by XBD=219 XBD=371 XBD=411 XBD=493 XBD=712 XBD=793 XBD=890 XBD=1060 XBD=1189 XHG=80 XHG=228 XHG=379 XHG=420 XHG=503 XHG=724 XHG=899 XHG=1071 YBD=1185 YBD=1184 YBD=1185 YBD=1193 YBD=1185 YHG=1155>therefore YHG=1156>included YHG=1156>in YHG=1156>dose YHG=1156>calculations. YHG=1156>The YHG=1156>other YHG=1163>argument YHG=1156>offered XBD=1425XHG=802 XBD=1502 XBD=1562 XBD=1593 XBD=1686 XBD=1748 XBD=1909 XBD=2040 XBD=2102 XBD=2256 XBD=2414 XHG=1285 XHG=1434 XHG=1516 XHG=1573 XHG=1608 XHG=1699 XHG=1759 XHG=1918 XHG=2050 XHG=2111 XHG=2266 YBD=1205 YBD=1208 YBD=1207 YBD=1200 YHG=1170>Kandela YHG=1171>(Jan YHG=1171>18, YHG=1180>p YHG=1171>146). YHG=1171>He YHG=1171>correctly YHG=1170>reflects YHG=1179>my YHG=1171>vigorous YHG=1171>criticism XBD=100 XBD=175 XBD=279 XBD=472 XBD=579 XBD=628 XBD=777 XBD=844 XBD=981 XBD=1140 XBD=1188 XHG=79 XHG=115 XHG=191 XHG=295 XHG=488 XHG=596 XHG=644 XHG=794 XHG=859 XHG=996 XHG=1156 YBD=1229 YBD=1236 YBD=1238 YBD=1229 YBD=1237 YBD=1237 YBD=1228 YHG=1201>is YHG=1200>that YHG=1209>many YHG=1200>substances YHG=1200>given YHG=1207>to YHG=1200>patients YHG=1209>are YHG=1200>already YHG=1200>reported XBD=1322 XHG=2309 XBD=1380 XBD=1559 XBD=1710 XBD=1916 XBD=2139 XBD=2184 XBD=2296 XBD=2413 XHG=1284 YBD=1244 XHG=1328 XHG=1393 XHG=1570 XHG=1722 XHG=1929 XHG=2151 XHG=2198 YBD=1252 YHG=1200>in YBD=1243 YBD=1245 YHG=1215>of YHG=1216>the YHG=1215>ethnically YHG=1216>oriented YHG=1215>educational YHG=1215>departments YHG=1215>in YHG=1214>South YHG=1214>Africa XBD=166 XBD=253 XBD=391 XBD=549 XBD=714 XBD=780 XBD=926 XBD=1116 XBD=1188 XHG=79 XHG=173 XHG=261 XHG=400 XHG=557 XHG=720 XHG=936 XHG=1127 YBD=1273 YBD=1273 YBD=1282 YBD=1281 YBD=1281 YBD=1273 YHG=1244>molar YHG=1244>units YHG=1244>without YHG=1251>apparent YHG=1244>difficulty YHG=1245>(eg, YHG=1244>glucose, YHG=1245>potassium, YHG=1244>and XBD=1345XHG=791 XBD=1439 XBD=1580 XBD=1681 XBD=1872 XBD=2040 XBD=2176 XBD=2412 XHG=1284 XHG=1388 XHG=1481 XHG=1616 XHG=1724 XHG=1916 XHG=2082 XHG=2218 YBD=1289 YBD=1296 YBD=1297 YBD=1288 YHG=1259>and YHG=1268>my YHG=1259>belief YHG=1260>that YHG=1266>separate, YHG=1259>racially YHG=1259>based YHG=1259>educational XBD=279 XBD=370 XBD=543 XBD=579 XBD=664 XBD=768 XBD=834 XBD=930 XBD=1096 XBD=1188 XHG=78 XHG=292 XHG=382 XHG=554 XHG=590 XHG=674 XHG=781 XHG=844 XHG=941 XHG=1106 YBD=1326 YBD=1325 YBD=1327 YBD=1324 YBD=1317 YBD=1318 YBD=1325 YBD=1318 YHG=1288>bicarbonate). YHG=1288>This YHG=1295>argument YHG=1289>is YHG=1299>very YHG=1289>weak; YHG=1288>the YHG=1289>three YHG=1289>examples XBD=1530 XHG=2379 XBD=1605 XBD=1767 XBD=1893 XBD=1943 XBD=2056 XBD=2122 XBD=2160 XBD=2237 XBD=2366 XBD=2411 XHG=1284 YBD=1332 XHG=1544 XHG=1616 XHG=1780 XHG=1905 XHG=1957 XHG=2072 XHG=2135 XHG=2173 XHG=2249 YBD=1341 YHG=1288>cited YBD=1333 YHG=1303>administration YHG=1304>and YHG=1303>planning YHG=1310>cannot YHG=1303>be YHG=1304>equal. YHG=1303>He YHG=1304>is YHG=1303>also YHG=1310>correct YHG=1304>in
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XBD=399 XBD=164 XBD=252 XHG=78 XHG=176 YBD=1407 YBD=1407 YBD=1415 YHG=1378>molar YHG=1378>basis YHG=1387>anyway. XBD=1420XHG=265 XBD=1566 XHG=1283 XHG=1433 YBD=1429 YBD=1421 YHG=1392>political YHG=1401>reasons. XBD=242 XBD=313 XBD=433 XBD=498 XBD=563 XBD=694 XBD=757 XBD=876 XBD=1064 XBD=1123 XBD=1186 XHG=107 XHG=254 XHG=324 XHG=445 XHG=509 XHG=575 XHG=705 XHG=770 XHG=887 XHG=1076 XHG=1134 YBD=1452 YBD=1451 YBD=1459 YBD=1458 YBD=1451 YHG=1422>Ratcliffe YHG=1422>and YHG=1422>Worth YHG=1422>did YHG=1429>not YHG=1422>outline YHG=1422>the YHG=1429>strong YHG=1428>arguments YHG=1421>for YHG=1422>the XBD=1482 XHG=2353 XBD=1535 XBD=1573 XBD=1640 XBD=1770 XBD=1816 XBD=1982 XBD=2048 XBD=2208 XBD=2259 XBD=2341 XBD=2410 XHG=1319 YBD=1466 XHG=1496 XHG=1549 XHG=1586 XHG=1653 XHG=1784 XHG=1829 XHG=1995 XHG=2060 XHG=2220 XHG=2266 YBD=1470 YBD=1474 YBD=1473 YBD=1465 YHG=1436>However, YHG=1436>he YHG=1436>is YHG=1443>not YHG=1443>correct YHG=1437>in YHG=1437>ascribing YHG=1446>my YHG=1436>rejection YHG=1436>of YHG=1436>&dquo;the YHG=1437>call
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XBD=1186 XBD=335 XBD=419 XBD=506 XBD=617 XBD=657 XBD=837 XBD=861 XBD=1021 XHG=77 XHG=344 XHG=427 XHG=514 XHG=624 XHG=665 XHG=869 XHG=1029 YBD=1548 YBD=1549 YBD=1547 YBD=1540 YBD=1541 YBD=1548 YHG=1511>pharmacologists YHG=1511>have YHG=1512>been YHG=1512>trying YHG=1518>to YHG=1520>encourage YHG=1521>a YHG=1511>scientific YHG=1511>approach XBD=1446XHG=845 XBD=1484 XBD=1718 XBD=1743 XBD=1813 XBD=1971 XBD=2012 XBD=2073 XBD=2276 XBD=2410 XHG=1283 XHG=1455 XHG=1493 XHG=1730 XHG=1752 XHG=1822 XHG=1979 XHG=2020 XHG=2082 XHG=2284 YBD=1553 YBD=1552 YBD=1555 YBD=1562 YBD=1554 YHG=1525>education YHG=1531>at YHG=1524>MEDUNSA. YHG=1525>I YHG=1534>was YHG=1524>referring YHG=1532>to YHG=1525>the YHG=1525>suggestions YHG=1524>of some XBD=104 XBD=306 XBD=376 XBD=450 XBD=489 XBD=576 XBD=724 XBD=766 XBD=824 XBD=921 XBD=972 XBD=1186 XHG=77 XHG=116 XHG=321 XHG=390 XHG=464 XHG=502 XHG=588 XHG=736 XHG=772 XHG=837 XHG=934 XHG=979 YBD=1584 YBD=1592 YBD=1593 YBD=1584 YBD=1585 YBD=1592 YHG=1561>to YHG=1555>prescribing, YHG=1556>but YHG=1555>this YHG=1556>is YHG=1556>only YHG=1556>possible YHG=1555>if YHG=1556>the YHG=1556>units YHG=1555>of YHG=1555>prescription XBD=1405 XHG=2371 XBD=1489 XBD=1614 XBD=1702 XBD=1777 XBD=1955 XBD=2011 XBD=2162 XBD=2349 XBD=2409 XHG=1282 YBD=1598 XHG=1428 XHG=1510 XHG=1637 XHG=1725 XHG=1800 XHG=1978 XHG=2032 XHG=2185 YBD=1606 YHG=1569>be YHG=1569>doctors YHG=1568>and YHG=1569>others YHG=1569>that YHG=1569>the YHG=1569>emphasis YHG=1569>in YHG=1569>medical YHG=1569>education XBD=130 XBD=189 XBD=283 XBD=334 XBD=573 XBD=636 XBD=702 XBD=808 XBD=884 XBD=1046 XBD=1186 XHG=77 XHG=141 XHG=202 XHG=296 XHG=341 XHG=586 XHG=649 XHG=716 XHG=897 XHG=1062 YBD=1629 YBD=1630 YBD=1628 YBD=1629 YBD=1637 YBD=1637 YHG=1600>and YHG=1599>the YHG=1600>units YHG=1600>of YHG=1600>concentration YHG=1609>are YHG=1600>the YHG=1609>same. YHG=1600>For YHG=1600>example, YHG=1600>loading XBD=1421XHG=824 XBD=1516 XBD=1649 XBD=1806 XBD=1851 XBD=1957 XBD=2124 XBD=2169 XBD=2264 XBD=2292 XBD=2410 XHG=1281 XHG=1434 XHG=1528 XHG=1663 XHG=1818 XHG=1865 XHG=1972 XHG=2136 XHG=2183 XHG=2279 XHG=2305 YBD=1650 YBD=1642 YBD=1643 YHG=1613>changed YHG=1613>from YHG=1613>clinical YHG=1613>teaching YHG=1620>to YHG=1613>social YHG=1614>medicine YHG=1621>to YHG=1614>what YHG=1613>I YHG=1613>would XBD=155 XBD=202 XBD=241 XBD=372 XBD=397 XBD=526 XBD=631 XBD=758 XBD=999 XBD=1072 XBD=1139 XBD=1184 XHG=76 XHG=162 XHG=211 XHG=250 XHG=381 XHG=406 XHG=534 XHG=640 XHG=1007 XHG=1082 XHG=1146 YBD=1674 YBD=1673 YBD=1681 YBD=1682 YBD=1674 YBD=1682 YBD=1674 YHG=1644>doses YHG=1645>(g) YHG=1651>to YHG=1644>achieve YHG=1654>a YHG=1645>desired YHG=1651>target YHG=1645>plasma YHG=1645>concentration YHG=1645>(g/1) YHG=1654>can YHG=1645>be XBD=1390XHG=766 XBD=1430 XBD=1478 XBD=1642 XBD=1766 XBD=1820 XBD=1844 XBD=1953 XBD=1994 XBD=2057 XBD=2181 XBD=2206 XBD=2334 XBD=2408 XHG=1281 XHG=1399 XHG=1440 XHG=1489 XHG=1653 XHG=1778 XHG=1831 XHG=1855 XHG=1962 XHG=2005 XHG=2067 XHG=2193 XHG=2215 XHG=2343 YBD=1694 YBD=1686 YBD=1695 YBD=1692 YBD=1685 YBD=1687 YHG=1658>regard YHG=1667>as YHG=1667>an YHG=1658>excessive YHG=1664>extent. YHG=1657>As YHG=1657>I YHG=1658>stated YHG=1658>in YHG=1667>my YHG=1658>article, YHG=1658>I YHG=1658>believe YHG=1658>that XBD=231 XBD=278 XBD=486 XBD=556 XBD=663 XBD=905 XBD=955 XBD=1077 XBD=1184 XHG=76 XHG=239 XHG=287 XHG=494 XHG=566 XHG=672 XHG=914 XHG=963 XHG=1086 YBD=1718 YBD=1719 YBD=1726 YBD=1718 YBD=1727 YBD=1718 YBD=1726 YHG=1689>calculated YHG=1689>multiplying YHG=1689>this YHG=1696>target YHG=1689>concentration YHG=1689>by YHG=1689>known XBD=1303 XHG=2351 XBD=1338 XBD=1420 XBD=1607 XBD=1782 XBD=1822 XBD=1987 XBD=2055 XBD=2164 XBD=2286 XBD=2343 XBD=2408 XHG=1280 YBD=1731 XHG=1313 XHG=1346 XHG=1428 XHG=1617 XHG=1790 XHG=1831 XHG=1996 XHG=2065 XHG=2171 XHG=2295 YBD=1740 YHG=1698>popuYBD=1739 YBD=1730 YBD=1737 YHG=1702>it YHG=1702>is YHG=1712>very YHG=1702>important, YHG=1701>especially YHG=1702>in YHG=1702>countries YHG=1702>like YHG=1701>South YHG=1701>Africa, YHG=1701>for YHG=1711>our XBD=160 XBD=271 XBD=321 XBD=450 XBD=501 XBD=707 XBD=760 XBD=995 XBD=1096 XBD=1184 XHG=76 XHG=172 XHG=283 XHG=327 XHG=463 XHG=507 XHG=717 XHG=1007 XHG=1107 YBD=1762 YBD=1763 YBD=1771 YBD=1762 YBD=1763 YBD=1771 YHG=1733>lation YHG=1733>values YHG=1733>volume YHG=1733>of YHG=1733>distribution YHG=1733>(1). YHG=1733>Maintenance YHG=1734>doses YHG=1733>(g/h) XBD=1410XHG=774 XBD=1580 XBD=1621 XBD=1668 XBD=1745 XBD=1786 XBD=1881 XBD=2065 XBD=2105 XBD=2196 XBD=2288 XBD=2329 XBD=2407 XHG=1280 XHG=1419 XHG=1589 XHG=1631 XHG=1678 XHG=1754 XHG=1796 XHG=1890 XHG=2073 XHG=2115 XHG=2205 XHG=2298 XHG=2338 YBD=1776 YBD=1783 YBD=1775 YHG=1746>medical YHG=1746>graduates YHG=1746>be YHG=1746>able YHG=1753>to YHG=1746>work YHG=1745>effectively YHG=1746>in YHG=1746>rural YHG=1755>areas YHG=1755>as YHG=1746>well XBD=102 XBD=229 XBD=262 XBD=371 XBD=584 XBD=719 XBD=971 XBD=1046 XBD=1128 XBD=1183 XHG=75 XHG=120 XHG=247 XHG=281 XHG=390 XHG=603 XHG=990 XHG=1065 XHG=1146 YBD=1807 YBD=1816 YBD=1815 YBD=1807 YBD=1807 YBD=1807 YHG=1785>to YHG=1778>sustain YHG=1787>a YHG=1778>given YHG=1778>steady-state YHG=1777>plasma YHG=1778>concentration YHG=1787>can YHG=1778>also YHG=1779>be XBD=1311XHG=738 XBD=1371 XBD=1497 XBD=1618 XBD=1708 XBD=1766 XBD=1870 XBD=1949 XBD=2061 XBD=2249 XBD=2307 XBD=2407 XHG=1280 XHG=1339 XHG=1398 XHG=1524 XHG=1647 XHG=1734 XHG=1793 XHG=1897 XHG=1977 XHG=2089 XHG=2275 XHG=2334 YBD=1825 YBD=1819 YBD=1820 YBD=1828 YHG=1799>as YHG=1791>in YHG=1790>urban YHG=1799>areas, YHG=1790>and YHG=1790>have YHG=1790>the YHG=1790>skills YHG=1799>necessary YHG=1797>to YHG=1790>help XBD=239 XBD=297 XBD=514 XBD=628 XBD=879 XBD=938 XBD=1068 XBD=1183 XHG=75 XHG=257 XHG=315 XHG=531 XHG=646 XHG=897 XHG=954 XHG=1086 YBD=1858 YBD=1861 YBD=1859 YBD=1852 YBD=1860 YBD=1852 YBD=1860 YHG=1822>calculated, YHG=1822>by YHG=1822>multiplying YHG=1829>target YHG=1822>concentration YHG=1823>by YHG=1823>known XBD=1509 XHG=2345 XBD=1675 XBD=1748 XBD=1817 XBD=1922 XBD=1952 XBD=2030 XBD=2171 XBD=2248 XBD=2329 XBD=2406 XHG=1279 YBD=1864 XHG=1525 XHG=1692 XHG=1765 XHG=1834 XHG=1939 XHG=1969 XHG=2046 XHG=2186 XHG=2263 YBD=1873 YHG=1832>popuYBD=1869 YBD=1863 YBD=1872 YHG=1835>impoverished YHG=1835>societies, YHG=1835>but YHG=1834>the YHG=1835>point YHG=1834>I YHG=1834>making YHG=1844>was YHG=1834>that YHG=1835>this XBD=160 XBD=276 XBD=332 XBD=499 XBD=593 XBD=650 XBD=815 XBD=927 XBD=975 XBD=1037 XBD=1183 XHG=75 XHG=176 XHG=295 XHG=344 XHG=515 XHG=614 XHG=668 XHG=834 XHG=986 XHG=1055 YBD=1896 YBD=1897 YBD=1905 YBD=1902 YBD=1896 YBD=1896 YBD=1897 YHG=1867>lation YHG=1867>values YHG=1866>of YHG=1867>clearance YHG=1867>(1/h). YHG=1867>In YHG=1867>overdose YHG=1877>cases, YHG=1867>if YHG=1867>the YHG=1874>amount XBD=1361XHG=946 XBD=1438 XBD=1499 XBD=1602 XBD=1658 XBD=1758 XBD=1797 XBD=1887 XBD=1940 XBD=1995 XBD=2113 XBD=2168 XBD=2271 XBD=2407 XHG=1279 XHG=1385 XHG=1461 XHG=1522 XHG=1626 XHG=1681 XHG=1781 XHG=1819 XHG=1909 XHG=1962 XHG=2018 XHG=2136 XHG=2191 XHG=2293 YBD=1917 YBD=1908 YBD=1909 YBD=1916 YHG=1886>must YHG=1886>not YHG=1880>be YHG=1879>done YHG=1879>such YHG=1888>a YHG=1889>way YHG=1889>as YHG=1887>to YHG=1879>result YHG=1880>in YHG=1879>their YHG=1880>having XBD=202 XBD=234 XBD=364 XBD=586 XBD=689 XBD=815 XBD=1071 XBD=1136 XBD=1182 XHG=75 XHG=210 XHG=242 XHG=375 XHG=596 XHG=824 XHG=1080 XHG=1145 YBD=1948 YBD=1941 YBD=1947 YBD=1949 YBD=1948 YBD=1941 YBD=1940 YBD=1941 YHG=1912>ingested YHG=1911>is YHG=1912>known, YHG=1912>approximate YHG=1911>likely YHG=1912>plasma YHG=1911>concentrations YHG=1921>can YHG=1912>be XBD=1461XHG=697 XBD=1593 XBD=1698 XBD=1725 XBD=1797 XBD=1862 XBD=2022 XBD=2063 XBD=2289 XBD=2353 XBD=2404 XHG=1278 XHG=1472 XHG=1604 XHG=1712 XHG=1735 XHG=1807 XHG=1872 XHG=2031 XHG=2073 XHG=2299 XHG=2364 YBD=1961 YBD=1952 YBD=1960 YBD=1953 YHG=1924>inadequate YHG=1924>clinical YHG=1923>skills. YHG=1924>I YHG=1933>was YHG=1930>not YHG=1923>referring YHG=1930>to YHG=1922>MEDUNSA YHG=1932>per YHG=1933>se. XBD=229 XBD=321 XBD=384 XBD=529 XBD=590 XBD=727 XBD=823 XHG=75 XHG=241 XHG=333 XHG=397 XHG=542 XHG=603 XHG=739 YBD=1985 YBD=1986 YBD=1992 YBD=1985 YHG=1956>calculated YHG=1956>from YHG=1956>the YHG=1955>formula YHG=1955>for YHG=1956>loading YHG=1956>dose. XBD=1337 XHG=2277 XBD=1519 XBD=1599 XBD=1687 XBD=1785 XBD=1826 XBD=1972 XBD=2153 XBD=2192 XBD=2266 XBD=2406 XHG=1278 YBD=1997 XHG=1346 XHG=1529 XHG=1610 XHG=1697 XHG=1795 XHG=1837 XHG=1982 XHG=2163 XHG=2201 YBD=2006 YHG=1967>medical YBD=2005 YHG=1969>My YHG=1968>colleagues YHG=1968>who YHG=1969>have YHG=1968>acted YHG=1977>as YHG=1968>external YHG=1968>examiners YHG=1974>at YHG=1968>that XBD=326 XBD=413 XBD=454 XBD=652 XBD=693 XBD=798 XBD=890 XBD=1180 XHG=104 XHG=334 XHG=422 XHG=463 XHG=661 XHG=702 XHG=899 YBD=2030 YBD=2029 YBD=2035 YHG=2000>If YHG=2009>were YHG=2000>standardise YHG=2006>to YHG=2000>molar YHG=2000>units YHG=2000>of laboratories concentration, XBD=1385XHG=806 XBD=1475 XBD=1614 XBD=1675 XBD=1781 XBD=1846 XBD=1944 XBD=2022 XBD=2087 XBD=2260 XBD=2322 XBD=2407 XHG=1279 XHG=1398 XHG=1488 XHG=1627 XHG=1689 XHG=1793 XHG=1858 XHG=1956 XHG=2034 XHG=2100 XHG=2272 XHG=2334 YBD=2042 YBD=2041 YBD=2040 YBD=2049 YHG=2013>school YHG=2013>have YHG=2013>assured YHG=2021>me YHG=2012>down YHG=2021>years YHG=2012>that YHG=2012>the YHG=2012>standards YHG=2021>are YHG=2021>very XBD=139 XBD=237 XBD=413 XBD=523 XBD=614 XBD=669 XBD=763 XBD=809 XBD=1010 XBD=1052 XBD=1132 XBD=1182 XHG=74 XHG=155 XHG=255 XHG=431 XHG=541 XHG=631 XHG=685 XHG=819 XHG=1027 XHG=1070 XHG=1149 YBD=2074 YBD=2074 YBD=2082 YBD=2073 YBD=2082 YBD=2074 YBD=2073 YHG=2045>then YHG=2044>these YHG=2045>equations YHG=2044>could YHG=2044>only YHG=2044>be YHG=2044>used YHG=2044>if YHG=2044>prescribing YHG=2045>is YHG=2044>also YHG=2045>in XBD=1354XHG=779 XBD=1424 XBD=1497 XBD=1560 XBD=1731 XBD=1797 XBD=1882 XBD=1969 XBD=2049 XBD=2175 XBD=2236 XBD=2406 XHG=1278 XHG=1363 XHG=1432 XHG=1508 XHG=1569 XHG=1741 XHG=1806 XHG=1889 XHG=1978 XHG=2058 XHG=2184 XHG=2245 YBD=2094 YBD=2086 YBD=2093 YHG=2057>high YHG=2057>and YHG=2057>that YHG=2056>the YHG=2057>graduates YHG=2066>can YHG=2056>hold YHG=2056>their YHG=2066>own YHG=2056>against YHG=2057>the YHG=2056>graduates
" XBD=1187 XBD=121 XBD=186 XBD=398 XBD=477 XBD=581 XBD=636 XBD=731 XBD=860 XBD=913 XBD=1099 XHG=78 XHG=136 XHG=201 XHG=416 XHG=493 XHG=598 XHG=645 XHG=747 XHG=930 XHG=1114 XHG=1171 YBD=1362 YBD=1368 YBD=1364 YBD=1363 YBD=1362 YBD=1363 YBD=1362 YHG=1343>are YHG=1339>not YHG=1333>xenobiotics, YHG=1334>and YHG=1334>doses YHG=1334>of YHG=1333>these YHG=1333>should YHG=1334>be YHG=1333>calculated YHG=1342>on YHG=1343>a " XBD=1155 XBD=1397XHG=875 XBD=1480 XBD=1514 XBD=1583 XBD=1717 XBD=1776 XBD=1840 XBD=1952 XBD=2009 XBD=2217 XBD=2283 XBD=2413 XHG=2302 XHG=1284 XHG=1416 XHG=1501 XHG=1534 XHG=1602 XHG=1737 XHG=1787 XHG=1859 XHG=1971 XHG=2021 XHG=2236 YBD=1384 YBD=1376 YBD=1385 YBD=1377 YBD=1378 YBD=1386 YHG=1348>stating YHG=1348>that YHG=1348>I YHG=1357>am YHG=1348>critical YHG=1348>the YHG=1348>siting YHG=1348>of YHG=1348>universities YHG=1347>for YHG=1348>purely
" XBD=2410 XBD=124 XHG=792 XBD=178 XBD=267 XBD=369 XBD=491 XBD=622 XBD=673 XBD=773 XBD=875 XBD=1031 XBD=1185 XHG=77 XHG=143 XHG=191 XHG=286 XHG=389 XHG=511 XHG=641 XHG=693 XHG=896 XHG=1054 YBD=1496 YBD=1504 YBD=1495 YBD=1496 YBD=1504 YBD=1496 YHG=1476>use YHG=1465>of YHG=1476>mass YHG=1466>units YHG=1467>whilst YHG=1467>dosing YHG=1467>in YHG=1475>mass YHG=1467>units YHG=1467>persists. YHG=1466>Clinical " XBD=1330 XBD=1543 XBD=1597 XBD=1736 XBD=1938 XBD=1987 XBD=2056 XBD=2217 XBD=2271 XHG=1283 XHG=1346 XHG=1558 XHG=1607 XHG=1753 XHG=1955 XHG=2003 XHG=2072 XHG=2232 XHG=2280 YBD=1509 YBD=1510 YHG=1480>for YHG=1480>devaluation YHG=1480>medical YHG=1480>education&dquo; YHG=1488>to YHG=1481>the YHG=1481>standard YHG=1480>of YHG=1481>medical
" XBD=2174 XBD=159 XHG=954 XBD=329 XBD=369 XBD=620 XBD=681 XBD=858 XBD=944 XBD=986 XBD=1076 XBD=1179 XHG=73 XHG=169 XHG=340 XHG=373 XHG=631 XHG=692 XHG=867 XHG=996 XHG=1085 YBD=2118 YBD=2118 YBD=2117 YBD=2118 YBD=2123 YHG=2089>molar YHG=2095>terms-or YHG=2089>if YHG=2089>concentrations YHG=2098>are YHG=2089>converted YHG=2089>back YHG=2095>to YHG=2098>mass YHG=2089>units, " XBD=1318 XBD=1413 XBD=1556 XBD=1691 XBD=1736 XBD=1850 XBD=1966 XBD=2040 XHG=1280 XHG=1324 XHG=1426 XHG=1569 XHG=1704 XHG=1750 XHG=1862 XHG=1979 XHG=2052 YBD=2129 YBD=2128 YHG=2099>of YHG=2100>other YHG=2099>medical YHG=2099>schools YHG=2100>in YHG=2099>South YHG=2099>Africa YHG=2099>and YHG=2099>abroad.
" XBD=1181 XBD=121 XBD=189 XBD=237 XBD=278 XBD=348 XBD=531 XBD=595 XBD=776 XBD=917 XBD=968 XBD=1015 XHG=72 XHG=133 XHG=201 XHG=242 XHG=291 XHG=361 XHG=544 XHG=609 XHG=788 XHG=975 XHG=1027 XHG=1145 YBD=2163 YBD=2162 YBD=2169 YBD=2161 YBD=2162 YBD=2169 YBD=2161 YHG=2134>but YHG=2133>few YHG=2143>us YHG=2142>can YHG=2133>remember YHG=2132>the YHG=2133>molecular YHG=2133>weights YHG=2133>of YHG=2133>all YHG=2133>drugs. YHG=2133>In " XBD=1129 XBD=1339XHG=931 XBD=1376 XBD=1427 XBD=1545 XBD=1716 XBD=1775 XBD=1966 XBD=2161 XBD=2203 XBD=2251 XBD=2407 XHG=2261 XHG=1313 XHG=1350 XHG=1387 XHG=1438 XHG=1556 XHG=1727 XHG=1785 XHG=1977 XHG=2171 XHG=2213 YBD=2175 YBD=2183 YBD=2182 YBD=2174 YHG=2146>It YHG=2146>is YHG=2155>no YHG=2145>longer YHG=2154>necessary YHG=2144>for YHG=2145>ministerial YHG=2145>permission YHG=2152>to YHG=2145>be YHG=2145>obtained
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
XBD=1180 XBD=250 XBD=300 XBD=360 XBD=547 XBD=748 XBD=801 XBD=1085 XHG=73 XHG=264 XHG=309 XHG=375 XHG=560 XHG=808 XHG=1098 YBD=2214 YBD=2214 YBD=2206 YBD=2215 YBD=2214 YHG=2177>recognition YHG=2176>of YHG=2177>the YHG=2177>increasing YHG=2177>application YHG=2177>of YHG=2177>pharmacological YHG=2177>prinXBD=1308XHG=763 XBD=1407 XBD=1523 XBD=1682 XBD=1777 XBD=1825 XBD=1935 XBD=1984 XBD=2053 XBD=2200 XBD=2358 XBD=2413 XHG=1278 XHG=1318 XHG=1424 XHG=1540 XHG=1699 XHG=1793 XHG=1843 XHG=1951 XHG=2000 XHG=2070 XHG=2217 XHG=2374 YBD=2227 YBD=2218 YBD=2219 YHG=2190>if YHG=2189>black YHG=2189>South YHG=2189>Africans YHG=2190>wish YHG=2196>to YHG=2190>study YHG=2190>in YHG=2189>the YHG=2189>medical YHG=2189>faculties YHG=2188>of XBD=157 XBD=198 XBD=420 XBD=484 XBD=582 XBD=710 XBD=950 XBD=1021 XBD=1178 XHG=72 XHG=167 XHG=207 XHG=432 XHG=495 XHG=592 XHG=720 XHG=961 XHG=1031 YBD=2258 YBD=2259 YBD=2250 YBD=2251 YBD=2250 YBD=2250 YHG=2222>ciples YHG=2222>in YHG=2221>therapeutics, YHG=2222>the YHG=2221>latest YHG=2221>edition YHG=2221>of YHG=2221>and &dquo;Goodman XBD=1473 XHG=2345 XBD=1593 XBD=1700 XBD=1956 XBD=2072 XBD=2313 XBD=2406 XHG=1277 YBD=2263 XHG=1505 XHG=1625 XHG=1731 XHG=1991 XHG=2105 YBD=2262 YHG=2221>Gilman&dquo; YBD=2271 YHG=2234>universities YHG=2234>other YHG=2234>than YHG=2232>MEDUNSA. YHG=2233>That YHG=2234>requirement YHG=2243>was XBD=119 XHG=871 XBD=166 XBD=329 XBD=391 XBD=729 XBD=858 XBD=909 XBD=1093 XBD=1181 XHG=72 XHG=131 XHG=178 XHG=342 XHG=404 XHG=741 XHG=915 XHG=1104 YBD=2295 YBD=2303 YBD=2295 YBD=2294 YBD=2303 YBD=2295 YHG=2266>has YHG=2275>an YHG=2266>extensive YHG=2266>list YHG=2266>indices YHG=2265>of YHG=2266>commonly YHG=2266>used pharmacokinetic XBD=1424 XBD=1466 XBD=1661 XBD=1765 XBD=1848 XBD=1982 XBD=2130 XBD=2294 XBD=2330 XBD=2406 XHG=1278 XHG=1434 XHG=1478 XHG=1677 XHG=1779 XHG=1859 XHG=1994 XHG=2140 XHG=2305 XHG=2341 YBD=2312 YBD=2306 YBD=2314 YBD=2315 YBD=2307 YHG=2278>removed YHG=2278>in YHG=2278>December, YHG=2278>1985. YHG=2278>The YHG=2285>present YHG=2278>position YHG=2277>therefore YHG=2278>is YHG=2278>that XBD=164 XBD=275 XBD=343 XBD=426 XBD=475 XBD=563 XBD=667 XBD=707 XBD=788 XBD=850 XBD=944 XBD=993 XBD=1109 XBD=1181 XHG=72 XHG=177 XHG=287 XHG=354 XHG=436 XHG=485 XHG=573 XHG=679 XHG=711 XHG=798 XHG=860 XHG=997 XHG=1120 YBD=2347 YBD=2340 YBD=2347 YBD=2348 YBD=2338 YBD=2339 YBD=2347 YBD=2339 YHG=2311>drugs. YHG=2310>These YHG=2319>can YHG=2310>only YHG=2311>be YHG=2310>used YHG=2309>easily YHG=2309>if YHG=2310>both YHG=2310>the YHG=2310>units YHG=2310>of YHG=2310>dosage YHG=2310>and XBD=1317XHG=955 XBD=1467 XBD=1527 XBD=1686 XBD=1726 XBD=1775 XBD=1980 XBD=2022 XBD=2131 XBD=2253 XBD=2358 XBD=2406 XHG=1278 XHG=1327 XHG=1477 XHG=1537 XHG=1694 XHG=1736 XHG=1784 XHG=1990 XHG=2032 XHG=2139 XHG=2263 XHG=2365 YBD=2357 YBD=2351 YBD=2352 YHG=2322>students YHG=2331>are YHG=2322>admitted YHG=2329>to YHG=2322>all YHG=2322>universities YHG=2322>in YHG=2321>South YHG=2322>Africa, YHG=2322>based YHG=2331>on XBD=103 XHG=472 XBD=332 XBD=394 XBD=458 XBD=563 XHG=71 YBD=2384 XHG=110 XHG=345 YBD=2383YHG=2354>of YBD=2384 YHG=2354>concentration YHG=2364>are YHG=2354>the YHG=2363>same. XBD=1398XHG=407 XBD=1454 XBD=1508 XBD=1571 XBD=1780 XBD=1986 XBD=2070 XBD=2265 XBD=2315 XBD=2406 XHG=1277 XHG=1411 XHG=1466 XHG=1519 XHG=1583 XHG=1791 XHG=2002 XHG=2083 XHG=2276 XHG=2321 YBD=2395 YBD=2404 YBD=2396 YBD=2403 YHG=2366>criteria YHG=2373>set YHG=2367>by YHG=2366>the YHG=2366>universities YHG=2366>themselves. YHG=2366>The YHG=2366>University YHG=2366>of YHG=2366>Cape
XBD=133 XHG=742 XBD=237 XBD=399 XBD=444 XBD=651 XBD=719 XBD=863 XBD=1177 XHG=100 XHG=161 XHG=266 XHG=428 XHG=474 XHG=682 XHG=893YBD=2427 YBD=2428 YBD=2435 YHG=2399>In YHG=2399>New YHG=2398>Zealand YHG=2408>a YHG=2399>committee YHG=2398>of YHG=2398>clinical YHG=2398>pharmacologists, XBD=2405 XBD=1379 XBD=1500 XBD=1651 XBD=1859 XBD=2138 XBD=2269 XHG=1278 XHG=1390 XHG=1511 XHG=1662 XHG=1869 XHG=2148 XHG=2280 YBD=2440 YBD=2445 YBD=2447 YHG=2410>Town YHG=2411>admits YHG=2411>students YHG=2411>irrespective YHG=2410>of YHG=2410>gender, consideration race, XBD=339 XBD=433 XBD=675 XBD=733 XBD=891 XBD=989 XBD=1178 XHG=70 XHG=373 XHG=465 XHG=708 XHG=766 XHG=1022 YBD=2480 YBD=2479 YBD=2471 YBD=2479 YHG=2442>pharmacologists, YHG=2443>and YHG=2442>toxicologists YHG=2443>is YHG=2442>looking YHG=2442>into YHG=2442>problems XBD=1311XHG=924 XBD=1391 XBD=1469 XBD=1549 XBD=1621 XBD=1715 XBD=1789 XBD=1985 XBD=2064 XBD=2096 XBD=2219 XBD=2274 XBD=2406 XHG=1277 XHG=1328 XHG=1408 XHG=1484 XHG=1566 XHG=1637 XHG=1732 XHG=1806 XHG=2003 XHG=2080 XHG=2112 XHG=2235 XHG=2283 YBD=2489 YBD=2483 YBD=2492 YBD=2484 YHG=2463>or YHG=2463>sex, YHG=2455>that YHG=2455>has YHG=2455>been YHG=2464>our YHG=2454>standpoint YHG=2455>and YHG=2465>a YHG=2464>source YHG=2454>of YHG=2455>tension XBD=225 XBD=324 XBD=540 XBD=645 XBD=869 XBD=975 XBD=1178 XHG=69 XHG=249 XHG=350 XHG=567 XHG=671 XHG=1001 YBD=2516 YBD=2524 YBD=2523 YBD=2516 YBD=2515 YHG=2487>associated YHG=2487>with YHG=2487>therapeutic YHG=2487>drug YHG=2486>monitoring. YHG=2487>This YHG=2486>committee XBD=1416XHG=898 XBD=1500 XBD=1703 XBD=1787 XBD=1860 XBD=2085 XBD=2154 XBD=2315 XBD=2406 XHG=1277 XHG=1437 XHG=1522 XHG=1725 XHG=1808 XHG=1882 XHG=2108 XHG=2176 XHG=2340 YBD=2536 YBD=2527 YBD=2535 YBD=2529 YBD=2528 YHG=2499>between YHG=2499>this YHG=2498>University YHG=2498>and YHG=2498>the YHG=2506>government YHG=2499>for YHG=2500>decades. YHG=2498>Our XBD=196 XBD=325 XBD=592 XBD=657 XBD=814 XBD=904 XBD=997 XBD=1137 XBD=1184 XHG=70 XHG=205 XHG=336 XHG=602 XHG=667 XHG=824 XHG=1006 XHG=1147 YBD=2569 YBD=2568 YBD=2560 YBD=2560 YHG=2531>strongly YHG=2531>favours YHG=2531>standardisation YHG=2531>but YHG=2537>supports YHG=2529>mass YHG=2531>units YHG=2531>because YHG=2530>of XBD=1445XHG=913 XBD=1643 XBD=1692 XBD=1833 XBD=1955 XBD=2155 XBD=2226 XBD=2323 XBD=2405 XHG=1277 XHG=1464 XHG=1660 XHG=1709 XHG=1849 XHG=1972 XHG=2172 XHG=2244 XHG=2340 YBD=2580 YBD=2572 YHG=2543>consistent YHG=2543>opposition YHG=2549>to YHG=2542>racially YHG=2543>biased YHG=2543>admissions YHG=2543>has YHG=2544>been YHG=2552>sucXBD=139 XBD=224 XBD=291 XBD=456 XBD=496 XBD=721 XBD=822 XBD=924 XBD=981 XBD=1137 XBD=1178 XHG=69 XHG=148 XHG=232 XHG=299 XHG=465 XHG=504 XHG=731 XHG=831 XHG=990 XHG=1146 YBD=2604 YBD=2611 YBD=2612 YBD=2604 YBD=2604 YBD=2603 YHG=2575>their YHG=2575>logic YHG=2575>and YHG=2575>relevance YHG=2582>to YHG=2575>therapeutics. YHG=2575>Until YHG=2576>drugs YHG=2584>are YHG=2575>available YHG=2575>in XBD=1390XHG=933 XBD=1464 XBD=1489 XBD=1584 XBD=1662 XBD=1698 XBD=1775 XBD=1905 XBD=1962 XHG=1276 XHG=1403 XHG=1476 XHG=1503 XHG=1596 XHG=1676 XHG=1711 XHG=1788 XHG=1918 YBD=2615 YBD=2624 YBD=2616 YHG=2586>cessful YHG=2587>and YHG=2587>I YHG=2587>hope YHG=2587>that YHG=2587>it YHG=2587>will YHG=2587>remain YHG=2596>so. XBD=155 XHG=943 XBD=260 XBD=332 XBD=509 XBD=566 XBD=657 XBD=924 XBD=975 XBD=1075 XBD=1177 XHG=69 XHG=173 XHG=280 XHG=352 XHG=528 XHG=579 XHG=677 XHG=995 XHG=1093 YBD=2649 YBD=2654 YBD=2656 YBD=2648 YBD=2648 YBD=2648 YHG=2620>molar YHG=2619>form, YHG=2619>the YHG=2620>reporting YHG=2619>of YHG=2619>drug YHG=2620>concentrations YHG=2620>in YHG=2628>mass YHG=2619>units University of Cape Town, XBD=162 XHG=266 XBD=254 XBD=443 XHG=68 YBD=2693 XHG=174 YBD=2692YHG=2664>would YBD=2701 YHG=2673>seem YHG=2663>preferable. Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
S.
J. SAUNDERS,
Vice-chancellor and
University Department of Medicine, Christchurch Clinical School of Medicine,
University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
DISPOSING OF SINGLE-USE EVAN J. BEGG
" XBD=2355 XBD=2409 XHG=2373 XBD=1465 XBD=1623 XBD=1713 XBD=1758 XBD=1796 XBD=1895 XBD=2124 XBD=2180 XBD=2273 XHG=1316 YBD=2877 XHG=1480 XHG=1637 XHG=1729 XHG=1776 XHG=1812 XHG=1912 XHG=2139 XHG=2195 XHG=2288 YBD=2884 YHG=2849>14 YBD=2887 YBD=2885 YBD=2878 YBD=2886 YHG=2848>SrR,-Dr YHG=2849>Brondos YHG=2849>(Feb YHG=2850>8, YHG=2859>p YHG=2850>326), YHG=2849>commenting YHG=2858>on YHG=2858>your YHG=2849>Dec " XBD=2409 XBD=1420 XHG=2120 XBD=1473 XBD=1651 XBD=1855 XBD=1990 XBD=2044 XBD=2108 XBD=2270 XHG=2281 YBD=2921 XHG=1280 XHG=1432 XHG=1485 XHG=1663 XHG=1869 XHG=2003 XHG=2055 YBD=2929 YHG=2892>immense YBD=2930 YBD=2922 YHG=2899>amount YHG=2892>editorial YHG=2902>on YHG=2892>single-use YHG=2893>equipment, YHG=2893>focuses YHG=2901>on YHG=2893>the " XBD=1318 XBD=1418 XBD=1496 XHG=1280 XHG=1324 XHG=1430 XHG=1509 YBD=2966 YHG=2936>of YHG=2943>waste YHG=2936>that YHG=2936>results. " XBD=1629 XBD=263 XHG=836 XBD=370 XBD=513 XBD=619 XBD=824 XBD=914 XBD=1115 XBD=1181 XHG=102 XHG=275 XHG=382 XHG=526 XHG=631 XHG=926YBD=2975 XHG=1126 YBD=2973 YBD=2974 YBD=2968 YBD=2974 YBD=2967 YHG=2938>SiR,-Our YHG=2939>major YHG=2948>concern YHG=2939>about YHG=2939>therapeutic YHG=2939>drug YHG=2938>monitoring YHG=2938>lies
" XBD=1467 XBD=1563 XBD=1700 XBD=1806 XBD=1865 XBD=1931 XBD=1980 XBD=2054 XBD=2310 XHG=1316 XHG=1477 XHG=1575 XHG=1710 XHG=1819 XHG=1877 XHG=1942 XHG=1995 XHG=2066 XHG=2322 YBD=3014 YBD=3016 YBD=3013 YBD=3006 YBD=3015 YBD=3007 YHG=2978>Running YHG=2978>three YHG=2978>dialysis YHG=2979>units, YHG=2988>we YHG=2979>did YHG=2979>56 YHG=2979>704 YHG=2979>extracorporeal YHG=2985>treat"" XBD=2410 XBD=98 XBD=154 XBD=225 XBD=270 XBD=475 XBD=524 XBD=583 XBD=779 XBD=891 XBD=937 XBD=990 XBD=1182 XHG=71 XHG=107 XHG=164 XHG=235 XHG=273 XHG=484 XHG=532 XHG=592 XHG=787 XHG=900 XHG=940 XHG=999 YBD=3010 YBD=3020 YBD=3012 YBD=3019 YBD=3011 YBD=3038 YHG=2982>in YHG=2983>the YHG=2982>lack YHG=2983>appreciation YHG=2983>by YHG=2983>prescribing YHG=2982>doctor YHG=2982>of YHG=2982>the YHG=2982>complexity XBD=1379 XBD=1500 XBD=1589 XBD=1633 XBD=1702 XBD=1843 XBD=1928 XBD=2092 XBD=2184 XBD=2310 XBD=2411 XHG=1281 XHG=1391 XHG=1514 XHG=1601 XHG=1643 XHG=1714 XHG=1854 XHG=1939 XHG=2103 XHG=2195 XHG=2323 YBD=3052 YBD=3050 YBD=3059 YBD=3058 YBD=3051 YHG=3029>ments YHG=3022>during YHG=3023>1985 YHG=3022>in YHG=3023>410 YHG=3023>patients YHG=3022>with YHG=3022>end-stage YHG=3022>renal YHG=3022>failure. YHG=3022>Since XBD=104 XHG=830 XBD=156 XBD=291 XBD=439 XBD=465 XBD=573 XBD=662 XBD=748 XBD=820 XBD=881 XBD=1012 XBD=1164 XHG=70 XHG=107 XHG=166 XHG=300 XHG=449 XHG=476 XHG=583 XHG=672 XHG=759 XHG=891 XHG=1023 YBD=3054 YBD=3063 YBD=3055 YBD=3056 YBD=3055 YBD=3063 YHG=3026>of YHG=3027>the YHG=3026>relation YHG=3027>between YHG=3036>a YHG=3026>single YHG=3026>drug YHG=3026>level YHG=3026>and YHG=3026>the YHG=3026>clinical YHG=3026>problem " XBD=1326 XBD=1443 XBD=1496 XBD=1604 XBD=1675 XBD=1725 XBD=1969 XBD=2126 XBD=2189 XBD=2315 XHG=1280 XHG=1336 XHG=1455 XHG=1506 XHG=1614 XHG=1684 XHG=1735 XHG=1979 XHG=2137 XHG=2198 XHG=2326 YBD=3101 YBD=3104 YBD=3103 YBD=3096 YBD=3095 YHG=3075>we YHG=3066>doubt, YHG=3066>safety YHG=3066>and YHG=3076>on YHG=3066>money-saving YHG=3066>grounds, YHG=3066>the YHG=3066>benefit YHG=3066>of |>"XBD=2409 XBD=124 XBD=186 XBD=339 XBD=531 XBD=581 XBD=676 XBD=773 XBD=903 XBD=1176 XBD=1176 XHG=69 XHG=141 XHG=206 XHG=358 XHG=550 XHG=601 XHG=695 XHG=791 XHG=922 XHG=1163 YBD=3098 YBD=3105 YBD=3098 YBD=3106 YBD=3106 YBD=3082 YHG=3069>and YHG=3069>his YHG=3069>seeming YHG=3069>reluctance YHG=3076>to YHG=3070>alter YHG=3070>drug YHG=3069>dosage YHG=3062>appropriately.2 YHG=3062>2re" XBD=2407 XBD=1344 XBD=1403 XBD=1492 XBD=1536 XBD=1597 XBD=1658 XBD=1794 XBD=1950 XBD=2001 XBD=2116 XBD=2188 XBD=2294 XHG=1279 XHG=1357 XHG=1416 XHG=1504 XHG=1548 XHG=1610 XHG=1669 XHG=1806 XHG=1962 XHG=2006 XHG=2127 XHG=2199 XHG=2305 YBD=3145 YBD=3147 YBD=3146 YBD=3139 YHG=3119>use, YHG=3120>we YHG=3110>have YHG=3117>to YHG=3116>get YHG=3110>rid YHG=3116>amounts YHG=3110>of YHG=3110>plastic YHG=3111>and YHG=3119>paper YHG=3117>waste. XBD=139 XHG=774 XBD=213 XBD=302 XBD=358 XBD=496 XBD=696 XBD=754 XBD=826 XBD=1031 XBD=1088 XBD=1179 XHG=69 XHG=159 XHG=231 XHG=321 XHG=377 XHG=515 XHG=714 XHG=845 XHG=1050 XHG=1101 YBD=3142 YBD=3141 YBD=3150 YBD=3142 YBD=3150 YBD=3142 YBD=3149 YHG=3112>This YHG=3122>can YHG=3113>only YHG=3113>be YHG=3112>further YHG=3113>obfuscated YHG=3114>by YHG=3113>the YHG=3113>availability YHG=3113>of large YHG=3113>drug " XBD=2410 XBD=1317 XBD=1484 XBD=1597 XBD=1787 XBD=1913 XBD=1988 XBD=2037 XBD=2147 XBD=2277 XHG=1280 XHG=1325 XHG=1492 XHG=1606 XHG=1795 XHG=1922 XHG=1997 XHG=2046 XHG=2156 XHG=2285 YBD=3190 YBD=3183 YBD=3182 YBD=3189 YBD=3191 YHG=3154>In YHG=3153>Germany YHG=3153>health YHG=3154>authorities YHG=3154>believe YHG=3154>that YHG=3153>all YHG=3153>refuse YHG=3153>leaving YHG=3154>dialysis XBD=302 XHG=783 XBD=347 XBD=443 XBD=530 XBD=601 XBD=772 XBD=906 XBD=1012 XBD=1098 XBD=1177 XHG=68 XHG=315 XHG=359 XHG=455 XHG=542 XHG=613 XHG=921 XHG=1024 XHG=1110 YBD=3185 YBD=3184 YBD=3185 YBD=3193 YBD=3185 YBD=3185 YBD=3193 YHG=3156>concentrations YHG=3156>in YHG=3165>more YHG=3157>than YHG=3166>one YHG=3157>reporting YHG=3164>system. YHG=3156>Some YHG=3157>time YHG=3166>ago, " XBD=2408 XBD=1363 XBD=1399 XBD=1603 XBD=1647 XBD=1870 XBD=2044 XBD=2114 XBD=2202 XBD=2236 XHG=1279 XHG=1374 XHG=1410 XHG=1613 XHG=1656 XHG=1882 XHG=2052 XHG=2123 XHG=2211 XHG=2246 YBD=3233 YBD=3234 YBD=3225 YBD=3226 YBD=3231 YHG=3197>units YHG=3198>is YHG=3198>&dquo;venomous YHG=3206>or YHG=3197>contagious&dquo;. YHG=3197>Although YHG=3197>this YHG=3197>view YHG=3197>is YHG=3197>incorrect, XBD=109 XHG=829 XBD=284 XBD=363 XBD=524 XBD=583 XBD=775 XBD=810 XBD=911 XBD=1032 XBD=1179 XHG=68 XHG=128 XHG=302 XHG=382 XHG=543 XHG=602 XHG=794 XHG=929 XHG=1050 YBD=3228 YBD=3238 YBD=3237 YBD=3229 YBD=3229 YBD=3229 YHG=3209>we YHG=3200>addressed YHG=3201>this YHG=3201>question YHG=3201>by YHG=3201>producing YHG=3209>a YHG=3201>ruler YHG=3200>which YHG=3201>allowed " XBD=1179 XBD=239 XBD=413 XBD=531 XBD=631 XBD=765 XBD=887 XBD=986 XHG=67 XHG=275 XHG=451 XHG=569 XHG=668 XHG=803 XHG=1024 YBD=3272 YBD=3273 YBD=3272 YBD=3273 YHG=3243>conversion YHG=3244>between YHG=3253>mass YHG=3244>molar YHG=3244>units YHG=3244>and YHG=3244>indicated XBD=1403XHG=926 XBD=1516 XBD=1582 XBD=1627 XBD=1676 XBD=1823 XBD=1866 XBD=2071 XBD=2246 XBD=2409 XHG=1279 XHG=1415 XHG=1528 XHG=1594 XHG=1638 XHG=1688 XHG=1834 XHG=1878 XHG=2083 XHG=2259 YBD=3278 YBD=3268 YBD=3269 YBD=3277 YBD=3276 YHG=3241>dialysis YHG=3240>refuse YHG=3240>has YHG=3246>to YHG=3241>be YHG=3240>handled YHG=3249>as YHG=3240>&dquo;poisonous YHG=3240>garbage&dquo;, YHG=3240>resulting XBD=1312XHG=678 XBD=1484 XBD=1578 XBD=1642 XBD=1899 XBD=1975 XBD=2133 XBD=2263 XBD=2409 XHG=1279 XHG=1326 XHG=1498 XHG=1594 XHG=1656 XHG=1913 XHG=1989 XHG=2150 XHG=2277 YBD=3312 YBD=3321 YBD=3313 YBD=3320 YHG=3284>in YHG=3284>increased YHG=3290>costs YHG=3282>for YHG=3284>transportation YHG=3284>and YHG=3283>disposal. YHG=3284>Plastic YHG=3284>packing " XBD=1177 XBD=292 XBD=420 XBD=562 XBD=643 XBD=797 XHG=67 XHG=325 XHG=454 XHG=596 XHG=1085 YBD=3316 YBD=3323 YBD=3317 YBD=3324 YBD=3317 YHG=3287>recommended YHG=3294>target YHG=3296>ranges YHG=3287>for YHG=3281>drugs. YHG=3288>while 3 Accordingly, " XBD=2406 XBD=1424 XBD=1600 XBD=1718 XBD=1854 XBD=2025 XBD=2101 XBD=2147 XBD=2201 XBD=2297 XBD=2364 XHG=1277 XHG=1438 XHG=1614 XHG=1733 XHG=1869 XHG=2040 XHG=2114 XHG=2159 XHG=2213 XHG=2310 XHG=2376 YBD=3366 YBD=3367 YBD=3360 YBD=3359 YHG=3331>material, YHG=3331>wrapping YHG=3339>paper, YHG=3330>tubing, YHG=3330>dialysers, YHG=3331>and YHG=3339>so YHG=3339>on YHG=3330>work YHG=3337>out YHG=3337>at XBD=241 XHG=742 XBD=414 XBD=578 XBD=659 XBD=724 XBD=880 XBD=1076 XBD=1143 XBD=1177 XHG=67 XHG=260 XHG=434 XHG=598 XHG=678 XHG=899 XHG=1095 XHG=1161 YBD=3367 YBD=3360 YBD=3361 YBD=3368 YBD=3361 YHG=3331>supporting YHG=3331>Professor YHG=3331>Ratcliffe YHG=3331>and YHG=3331>Dr YHG=3331>Worth’s YHG=3338>arguments YHG=3331>for YHG=3341>a XBD=202 XHG=867 XBD=420 XBD=480 XBD=650 XBD=739 XBD=855 XBD=913 XBD=1030 XBD=1150 XBD=1177 XHG=67 XHG=213 XHG=432 XHG=491 XHG=661 XHG=751 XHG=925 XHG=1041 XHG=1161 YBD=3403 YBD=3411 YBD=3410 YBD=3404 YBD=3404 YBD=3405 YHG=3374>standard YHG=3382>arrangement YHG=3375>for YHG=3375>reporting YHG=3375>drug YHG=3375>levels, YHG=3385>we YHG=3376>would YHG=3375>favour YHG=3385>a " XBD=2407 XBD=1342 XBD=1393 XBD=1459 XBD=1588 XBD=1655 XBD=1733 XBD=1912 XBD=2026 XBD=2164 XBD=2225 XHG=1277 XHG=1354 XHG=1405 XHG=1471 XHG=1600 XHG=1666 XHG=1748 XHG=1925 XHG=2038 XHG=2176 XHG=2237 YBD=3404 YBD=3412 YBD=3411 YBD=3408 YBD=3410 YBD=3403 YHG=3376>6-9 YHG=3375>kg YHG=3384>per YHG=3374>patient YHG=3383>per YHG=3374>day. YHG=3374>However, YHG=3373>refuse YHG=3374>charges YHG=3383>are YHG=3374>calculated " XBD=2406 XBD=1317 XBD=1468 XBD=1549 XBD=1611 XBD=1768 XBD=1851 XBD=1911 XBD=1960 XBD=2051 XBD=2108 XBD=2175 XBD=2341 XHG=1276 XHG=1333 XHG=1487 XHG=1565 XHG=1629 XHG=1785 XHG=1867 XHG=1927 XHG=1977 XHG=2070 XHG=2118 XHG=2192 XHG=2359 YBD=3456 YBD=3453 YBD=3455 YBD=3446 YBD=3454 YBD=3447 YHG=3419>by YHG=3419>volume, YHG=3418>and YHG=3427>we YHG=3417>estimate YHG=3418>that YHG=3427>up YHG=3425>to YHG=3419>90% YHG=3418>of YHG=3426>our YHG=3427>expenses YHG=3417>for XBD=162 XHG=926 XBD=261 XBD=312 XBD=401 XBD=505 XBD=588 XBD=783 XBD=834 XBD=916 XBD=941 XBD=1097 XBD=1178 XHG=66 XHG=172 XHG=272 XHG=323 XHG=412 XHG=519 XHG=600 XHG=795 XHG=839 XHG=952 XHG=1108 YBD=3455 YBD=3447 YBD=3455 YBD=3448 YBD=3457 YHG=3418>policy YHG=3418>based YHG=3427>on YHG=3428>mass YHG=3419>units. YHG=3419>The YHG=3419>advantages YHG=3419>of YHG=3419>such YHG=3428>a YHG=3420>proposal YHG=3429>may " XBD=2403 XBD=1378 XBD=1501 XBD=1561 XBD=1657 XBD=1815 XBD=1907 XBD=1958 XBD=2019 XBD=2163 XBD=2211 XBD=2340 XHG=1276 XHG=1388 XHG=1509 XHG=1570 XHG=1670 XHG=1825 XHG=1917 XHG=1967 XHG=2028 XHG=2173 XHG=2214 XHG=2351 YBD=3492 YBD=3498 YBD=3499 YBD=3491 YBD=3490 YHG=3462>refuse YHG=3462>during YHG=3461>the YHG=3470>years YHG=3462>1976-82 YHG=3468>went YHG=3471>on YHG=3462>the YHG=3462>disposal YHG=3461>of YHG=3461>&dquo;toxic&dquo; YHG=3462>air. XBD=99 XHG=66 XBD=201 XBD=368 XBD=415 XBD=510 XBD=712 XBD=813 XBD=897 XBD=993 XBD=1178 XHG=108 XHG=210 XHG=375 XHG=423 XHG=520 XHG=719 XHG=822 XHG=905 XHG=1001 YBD=3490 YBD=3490 YBD=3498 YBD=3491 YBD=3499 YBD=3492 YBD=3500 YHG=3462>be YHG=3463>better YHG=3462>perceived YHG=3462>by YHG=3463>prescribing YHG=3463>drugs YHG=3463>than YHG=3463>those YHG=3464>measuring
EQUIPMENT
principal
505 FOR DRUG UNITS CONCENTRATIONS XBD=2419 XBD=1386 XBD=1485 XBD=1573 XBD=1792 XBD=1867 XBD=1978 XBD=2098 XBD=2239 XHG=1289 XHG=1424 XHG=1520 XHG=1609 XHG=1829 XHG=1897 XHG=2014 XHG=2134 XHG=2275 YBD=329 YBD=330 YBD=322 YBD=320 YBD=321 YHG=294>them,IN YHG=294>and YHG=293>the YHG=300>acceptance YHG=293>of YHG=302>mass YHG=292>units YHG=290>would YHG=291>facilitate BIOLOGICAL XBD=1532 XHG=2341 XBD=1603 XBD=1681 XBD=1907 XBD=2037 XBD=2236 XBD=2308 XBD=2418 XHG=1286 XHG=1564 XHG=1629 XHG=1714 XHG=1940 XHG=2071 XHG=2267 YBD=376 FLUIDS YBD=368 YBD=367 YBD=374 YBD=366 YHG=339>understanding YHG=339>of YHG=339>the YHG=340>therapeutic YHG=339>issues YHG=338>addressed YHG=338>by YHG=338>such XBD=1486 XHG=1286 YBD=420 YHG=383>monitoring. XBD=250 XHG=728 XBD=279 XBD=411 XBD=685 XBD=713 XBD=859 XBD=1033 XBD=1192 XHG=115 XHG=264 XHG=294 XHG=426 XHG=700 XHG=874YBD=439 XHG=1047 YBD=438 YBD=432 YBD=440 YBD=430 YBD=432 YBD=432 YHG=403>SIR,-As YHG=413>a YHG=402>clinical YHG=401>pharmacologist YHG=401>I YHG=408>support YHG=402>Professor YHG=402>Ratcliffe XBD=1391 XBD=1593 XBD=1643 XBD=1809 XBD=1858 XBD=2099 XBD=2260 XBD=2417 XHG=1321 XHG=1402 XHG=1604 XHG=1647 XHG=1820 XHG=1869 XHG=2109 XHG=2270 YBD=465 YBD=466 YBD=457 YHG=428>The YHG=428>importance YHG=427>of YHG=428>clarifying YHG=438>an YHG=428>unnecessarily YHG=426>confused YHG=426>situation XBD=139 XHG=743 XBD=200 XBD=350 XBD=436 XBD=522 XBD=591 XBD=632 XBD=724 XBD=792 XBD=1069 XBD=1120 XBD=1192 XHG=84 XHG=156 XHG=218 XHG=369 XHG=454 XHG=541 XHG=612 XHG=652 XHG=811 XHG=1088 XHG=1140 YBD=478 YBD=477 YBD=485 YBD=481 YBD=483 YBD=484 YBD=475 YBD=476 YBD=475 YBD=476 YHG=449>and YHG=448>Dr YHG=447>Worth’s YHG=447>plea YHG=447>(Jan YHG=447>25, YHG=456>p YHG=447>202) YHG=446>for YHG=447>standardisation YHG=447>in YHG=447>the XBD=1458 XBD=1530 XBD=1726 XBD=1793 XBD=1910 XBD=2044 XBD=2123 XBD=2260 XBD=2367 XBD=2417 XHG=1286 XHG=1477 XHG=1549 XHG=1746 XHG=1812 XHG=1928 XHG=2062 XHG=2140 XHG=2279 XHG=2384 YBD=509 YBD=502 YBD=501 YBD=510 YBD=500 YHG=473>outweighs YHG=472>the YHG=479>arguments YHG=473>for YHG=473>either YHG=479>system YHG=472>and YHG=472>further YHG=472>delay YHG=472>in XBD=230 XHG=884 XBD=277 XBD=361 XBD=619 XBD=695 XBD=793 XBD=871 XBD=936 XBD=1016 XBD=1143 XBD=1191 XHG=83 XHG=242 XHG=284 XHG=373 XHG=633 XHG=706 XHG=806 XHG=949 XHG=1029 XHG=1154 YBD=530 YBD=521 YBD=528 YBD=520 YBD=520 YBD=521 YHG=493>reporting YHG=493>of YHG=493>drug YHG=491>concentrations YHG=491>and YHG=500>agree YHG=491>that YHG=491>the YHG=491>litre YHG=491>should YHG=492>be XBD=1498 XBD=1572 XBD=1654 XBD=1706 XBD=1834 XBD=1909 XBD=2095 XBD=2260 XBD=2330 XBD=2417 XHG=1285 XHG=1510 XHG=1586 XHG=1667 XHG=1713 XHG=1847 XHG=1920 XHG=2107 XHG=2273 XHG=2343 YBD=553 YBD=555 YBD=546 YBD=554 YHG=517>rationalising YHG=517>this YHG=526>area YHG=517>of YHG=517>clinical YHG=517>and YHG=517>laboratory YHG=517>medicine YHG=526>can YHG=517>only XBD=129 XBD=204 XBD=251 XBD=386 XBD=498 XBD=548 XBD=633 XBD=823 XBD=1020 XBD=1083 XBD=1148 XBD=1197 XHG=83 XHG=140 XHG=216 XHG=256 XHG=399 XHG=510 XHG=554 XHG=645 XHG=835 XHG=1031 XHG=1093 XHG=1160 YBD=567 YBD=566 YBD=574 YBD=564 YBD=572 YBD=573 YBD=566 YBD=565 YHG=538>the YHG=537>unit YHG=537>of YHG=537>volume. YHG=536>Many YHG=535>of YHG=535>their YHG=542>arguments YHG=536>supporting YHG=536>the YHG=546>use YHG=536>of XBD=1322 XBD=1531 XBD=1576 XBD=1707 XBD=1797 XHG=1285 XHG=1336 XHG=1544 XHG=1589 XHG=1720 YBD=591 YBD=597 YBD=590 YHG=562>be YHG=561>detrimental YHG=567>to YHG=561>patient YHG=570>care. XBD=169 XHG=943 XBD=260 XBD=321 XBD=422 XBD=491 XBD=648 XBD=721 XBD=843 XBD=931 XBD=996 XBD=1190 XHG=82 XHG=180 XHG=273 XHG=332 XHG=435 XHG=503 XHG=660 XHG=732 XHG=854 XHG=1009 YBD=612 YBD=611 YBD=610 YBD=616 YBD=609 YBD=608 YBD=617 YHG=583>molar YHG=582>units YHG=590>are YHG=581>valid, YHG=582>but YHG=579>Ratcliffe YHG=580>and YHG=579>Worth YHG=579>have YHG=586>not YHG=579>adequately
" XBD=1191 XBD=234 XHG=937 XBD=298 XBD=502 XBD=557 XBD=657 XBD=723 XBD=822 XBD=921 XBD=984 XHG=82 XHG=249 XHG=314 XHG=519 XHG=564 XHG=672 XHG=739 XHG=837 XHG=999 YBD=656 YBD=654 YBD=661 YBD=660 YBD=653 YBD=661 YHG=626>addressed YHG=626>the YHG=625>importance YHG=624>of YHG=625>using YHG=624>the YHG=633>same YHG=624>units YHG=624>for YHG=625>prescribing
" XBD=1035 XBD=1190XHG=875 XBD=167 XBD=240 XBD=300 XBD=489 XBD=583 XBD=858 XBD=905 XHG=82 XHG=183 XHG=255 XHG=316 XHG=505 XHG=599 XHG=914 XHG=1051 YBD=707 YBD=699 YBD=698 YBD=706 YBD=705 YBD=704 YBD=697 YBD=697 YBD=706 YHG=671>drugs YHG=670>and YHG=670>for YHG=669>measuring YHG=669>drug YHG=668>concentrations, YHG=668>if YHG=668>clinical YHG=668>pharma" XBD=1191 XBD=218 XHG=677 XBD=397 XBD=463 XBD=512 XBD=567 XBD=661 XBD=709 XBD=864 XBD=1082 XHG=725 XHG=82 XHG=234 XHG=414 XHG=480 XHG=528 XHG=583 XHG=882 XHG=1101 YBD=751 YBD=751 YBD=743 YBD=742 YBD=750 YBD=750 YBD=751 YHG=714>cological YHG=713>principles YHG=723>are YHG=714>be YHG=713>used YHG=720>to YHG=713>improve YHG=713>prescribing. YHG=713>They " XBD=1190 XBD=166 XHG=840 XBD=239 XBD=366 XBD=459 XBD=583 XBD=630 XBD=693 XBD=787 XBD=836 XBD=946 XBD=1086 XBD=1134 XHG=82 XHG=177 XHG=250 XHG=376 XHG=471 XHG=592 XHG=641 XHG=703 XHG=798 XHG=956 XHG=1097 XHG=1138 YBD=788 YBD=787 YBD=786 YBD=786 YBD=786 YHG=765>assert YHG=759>that YHG=758>&dquo;molar YHG=757>should YHG=758>be YHG=758>the YHG=758>units YHG=757>of YHG=757>choice YHG=758>because YHG=758>of YHG=757>the
" XBD=1190 XBD=178 XHG=847 XBD=334 XBD=520 XBD=565 XBD=655 XBD=808 XBD=835 XBD=981 XBD=1067 XBD=1128 XHG=82 XHG=188 XHG=345 XHG=532 XHG=576 XHG=666 XHG=822 XHG=992 XHG=1080 XHG=1138 YBD=838 YBD=831 YBD=838 YBD=829 YBD=830 YBD=836 YBD=830 YHG=810>strong YHG=802>scientific YHG=808>arguments YHG=802>in YHG=801>their YHG=801>favour&dquo;. YHG=802>I YHG=802>contend YHG=801>that, YHG=801>for YHG=801>the
" XBD=1191 XBD=227 XHG=690 XBD=286 XBD=382 XBD=663 XBD=842 XBD=1027 XHG=82 XHG=250 XHG=305 XHG=406 XHG=866 XHG=1052 YBD=884 YBD=882 YBD=881 YBD=875 YBD=882 YBD=884 YHG=846>reporting YHG=846>of YHG=846>drug YHG=846>concentrations, YHG=845>scientific YHG=852>argument YHG=846>strongly
Clinical
Pharmacology Unit, University Department of Medicine, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G1 1 6NT
MARTIN J. BRODIE TOM MURRAY MICHAEL J. HALLWORTH
1. Brodie
MJ, McIntosh Morag E, Hallworth M. Therapeutic drug monitoring: the need for audit? Scott Med J 1985; 30: 75-82. 2. Hallworth MJ, Brodie MJ. Withering look at serum digoxin requests. Lancet 1986; i: 95-96. 3. Brodie MJ, Robson A, Murray T. Drug Convertarule. Br Med J 1983, 286: 1195-96.
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
XBD=1186XHG=954 XBD=194 XBD=283 XBD=390 XBD=535 XBD=643 XBD=707 XBD=941 XBD=986 XBD=1080 XHG=81 XHG=208 XHG=297 XHG=405 XHG=549 XHG=657 XHG=721 XHG=1000 XHG=1093 YBD=921 YBD=925 YBD=927 YBD=920 YBD=919 YBD=919 YHG=891>favours YHG=900>mass YHG=890>units, YHG=891>because YHG=890>drugs YHG=899>are YHG=890>administered YHG=891>in YHG=899>mass YHG=890>units. XBD=213 XHG=837 XBD=280 XBD=398 XBD=536 XBD=607 XBD=778 XBD=829 XBD=898 XBD=1027 XBD=1129 XBD=1190 XHG=81 XHG=222 XHG=289 XHG=406 XHG=546 XHG=617 XHG=787 XHG=908 XHG=1038 XHG=1137 YBD=964 YBD=971 YBD=963 YBD=964 YBD=964 YBD=972 YHG=934>Ratcliffe YHG=935>and YHG=934>Worth YHG=935>criticise YHG=934>this YHG=940>argument YHG=944>on YHG=941>two YHG=941>counts. YHG=935>They YHG=944>say XBD=140 XHG=867 XBD=319 XBD=365 XBD=457 XBD=667 XBD=706 XBD=755 XBD=853 XBD=933 XBD=1033 XBD=1073 XBD=1161 XBD=1191 XHG=82 XHG=155 XHG=334 XHG=380 XHG=472 XHG=681 XHG=721 XHG=769 XHG=947 XHG=1048 XHG=1088 XHG=1174 YBD=1008 YBD=1007 YBD=1014 YBD=1013 YBD=1006 YBD=1006 YBD=1007 YBD=1015 YBD=1006 YHG=979>that YHG=978>&dquo;variation YHG=977>in YHG=977>drug YHG=977>metabolism YHG=977>is YHG=986>so YHG=984>great YHG=977>that YHG=977>there YHG=978>is YHG=978>only YHG=987>a XBD=157 XHG=800 XBD=291 XBD=439 XBD=523 XBD=596 XBD=789 XBD=925 XBD=1017 XBD=1190 XHG=81 XHG=168 XHG=301 XHG=450 XHG=535 XHG=606 XHG=939 XHG=1029 YBD=1052 YBD=1058 YBD=1051 YBD=1051 YBD=1059 YHG=1023>weak YHG=1022>relation YHG=1022>between YHG=1022>dose YHG=1022>and YHG=1021>circulating YHG=1021>levels&dquo;. YHG=1022>This YHG=1028>argument TRAINING OF BLACK DOCTORS IN SOUTH AFRICA XBD=101 XHG=901 XBD=187 XBD=283 XBD=348 XBD=451 XBD=573 XBD=656 XBD=721 XBD=833 XBD=888 XBD=986 XBD=1057 XBD=1188 XHG=80 XHG=119 XHG=205 XHG=301 XHG=367 XHG=470 XHG=594 XHG=673 XHG=739 XHG=851 XHG=1005 XHG=1076 YBD=1097 YBD=1104 YBD=1105 YBD=1096 YBD=1097 YBD=1097 YHG=1068>is YHG=1067>only YHG=1067>valid YHG=1076>some YHG=1067>drugs, YHG=1068>and YHG=1067>for YHG=1076>many YHG=1067>of YHG=1067>these YHG=1068>the YHG=1067>factors XBD=225 XBD=290 XBD=625 XBD=843 XBD=917 XBD=970 XBD=1112 XBD=1189 XHG=79 XHG=240 XHG=307 XHG=642 XHG=860 XHG=933 XHG=987 XHG=1128 YBD=1149 YBD=1140 YBD=1149 YBD=1141 YBD=1141 YBD=1141 YHG=1112>upsetting YHG=1111>the YHG=1112>dose/concentration YHG=1112>relationship YHG=1121>can YHG=1113>be YHG=1112>defined YHG=1112>and XBD=1435 XHG=2367 XBD=1562 XBD=1642 XBD=1695 XBD=1825 XBD=1905 XBD=1962 XBD=2044 XBD=2164 XBD=2285 XBD=2346 XBD=2414 XHG=1320 YBD=1155 XHG=1457 XHG=1582 XHG=1663 XHG=1717 XHG=1846 XHG=1927 XHG=1983 XHG=2067 XHG=2186 XHG=2305 YBD=1161 YHG=1126>Dr YBD=1156 YBD=1164 YHG=1126>SIR,-I YHG=1127>would YHG=1127>like YHG=1134>to YHG=1127>clarify YHG=1135>one YHG=1136>or YHG=1133>two YHG=1126>issues YHG=1127>raised YHG=1127>by XBD=219 XBD=371 XBD=411 XBD=493 XBD=712 XBD=793 XBD=890 XBD=1060 XBD=1189 XHG=80 XHG=228 XHG=379 XHG=420 XHG=503 XHG=724 XHG=899 XHG=1071 YBD=1185 YBD=1184 YBD=1185 YBD=1193 YBD=1185 YHG=1155>therefore YHG=1156>included YHG=1156>in YHG=1156>dose YHG=1156>calculations. YHG=1156>The YHG=1156>other YHG=1163>argument YHG=1156>offered XBD=1425XHG=802 XBD=1502 XBD=1562 XBD=1593 XBD=1686 XBD=1748 XBD=1909 XBD=2040 XBD=2102 XBD=2256 XBD=2414 XHG=1285 XHG=1434 XHG=1516 XHG=1573 XHG=1608 XHG=1699 XHG=1759 XHG=1918 XHG=2050 XHG=2111 XHG=2266 YBD=1205 YBD=1208 YBD=1207 YBD=1200 YHG=1170>Kandela YHG=1171>(Jan YHG=1171>18, YHG=1180>p YHG=1171>146). YHG=1171>He YHG=1171>correctly YHG=1170>reflects YHG=1179>my YHG=1171>vigorous YHG=1171>criticism XBD=100 XBD=175 XBD=279 XBD=472 XBD=579 XBD=628 XBD=777 XBD=844 XBD=981 XBD=1140 XBD=1188 XHG=79 XHG=115 XHG=191 XHG=295 XHG=488 XHG=596 XHG=644 XHG=794 XHG=859 XHG=996 XHG=1156 YBD=1229 YBD=1236 YBD=1238 YBD=1229 YBD=1237 YBD=1237 YBD=1228 YHG=1201>is YHG=1200>that YHG=1209>many YHG=1200>substances YHG=1200>given YHG=1207>to YHG=1200>patients YHG=1209>are YHG=1200>already YHG=1200>reported XBD=1322 XHG=2309 XBD=1380 XBD=1559 XBD=1710 XBD=1916 XBD=2139 XBD=2184 XBD=2296 XBD=2413 XHG=1284 YBD=1244 XHG=1328 XHG=1393 XHG=1570 XHG=1722 XHG=1929 XHG=2151 XHG=2198 YBD=1252 YHG=1200>in YBD=1243 YBD=1245 YHG=1215>of YHG=1216>the YHG=1215>ethnically YHG=1216>oriented YHG=1215>educational YHG=1215>departments YHG=1215>in YHG=1214>South YHG=1214>Africa XBD=166 XBD=253 XBD=391 XBD=549 XBD=714 XBD=780 XBD=926 XBD=1116 XBD=1188 XHG=79 XHG=173 XHG=261 XHG=400 XHG=557 XHG=720 XHG=936 XHG=1127 YBD=1273 YBD=1273 YBD=1282 YBD=1281 YBD=1281 YBD=1273 YHG=1244>molar YHG=1244>units YHG=1244>without YHG=1251>apparent YHG=1244>difficulty YHG=1245>(eg, YHG=1244>glucose, YHG=1245>potassium, YHG=1244>and XBD=1345XHG=791 XBD=1439 XBD=1580 XBD=1681 XBD=1872 XBD=2040 XBD=2176 XBD=2412 XHG=1284 XHG=1388 XHG=1481 XHG=1616 XHG=1724 XHG=1916 XHG=2082 XHG=2218 YBD=1289 YBD=1296 YBD=1297 YBD=1288 YHG=1259>and YHG=1268>my YHG=1259>belief YHG=1260>that YHG=1266>separate, YHG=1259>racially YHG=1259>based YHG=1259>educational XBD=279 XBD=370 XBD=543 XBD=579 XBD=664 XBD=768 XBD=834 XBD=930 XBD=1096 XBD=1188 XHG=78 XHG=292 XHG=382 XHG=554 XHG=590 XHG=674 XHG=781 XHG=844 XHG=941 XHG=1106 YBD=1326 YBD=1325 YBD=1327 YBD=1324 YBD=1317 YBD=1318 YBD=1325 YBD=1318 YHG=1288>bicarbonate). YHG=1288>This YHG=1295>argument YHG=1289>is YHG=1299>very YHG=1289>weak; YHG=1288>the YHG=1289>three YHG=1289>examples XBD=1530 XHG=2379 XBD=1605 XBD=1767 XBD=1893 XBD=1943 XBD=2056 XBD=2122 XBD=2160 XBD=2237 XBD=2366 XBD=2411 XHG=1284 YBD=1332 XHG=1544 XHG=1616 XHG=1780 XHG=1905 XHG=1957 XHG=2072 XHG=2135 XHG=2173 XHG=2249 YBD=1341 YHG=1288>cited YBD=1333 YHG=1303>administration YHG=1304>and YHG=1303>planning YHG=1310>cannot YHG=1303>be YHG=1304>equal. YHG=1303>He YHG=1304>is YHG=1303>also YHG=1310>correct YHG=1304>in
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XBD=399 XBD=164 XBD=252 XHG=78 XHG=176 YBD=1407 YBD=1407 YBD=1415 YHG=1378>molar YHG=1378>basis YHG=1387>anyway. XBD=1420XHG=265 XBD=1566 XHG=1283 XHG=1433 YBD=1429 YBD=1421 YHG=1392>political YHG=1401>reasons. XBD=242 XBD=313 XBD=433 XBD=498 XBD=563 XBD=694 XBD=757 XBD=876 XBD=1064 XBD=1123 XBD=1186 XHG=107 XHG=254 XHG=324 XHG=445 XHG=509 XHG=575 XHG=705 XHG=770 XHG=887 XHG=1076 XHG=1134 YBD=1452 YBD=1451 YBD=1459 YBD=1458 YBD=1451 YHG=1422>Ratcliffe YHG=1422>and YHG=1422>Worth YHG=1422>did YHG=1429>not YHG=1422>outline YHG=1422>the YHG=1429>strong YHG=1428>arguments YHG=1421>for YHG=1422>the XBD=1482 XHG=2353 XBD=1535 XBD=1573 XBD=1640 XBD=1770 XBD=1816 XBD=1982 XBD=2048 XBD=2208 XBD=2259 XBD=2341 XBD=2410 XHG=1319 YBD=1466 XHG=1496 XHG=1549 XHG=1586 XHG=1653 XHG=1784 XHG=1829 XHG=1995 XHG=2060 XHG=2220 XHG=2266 YBD=1470 YBD=1474 YBD=1473 YBD=1465 YHG=1436>However, YHG=1436>he YHG=1436>is YHG=1443>not YHG=1443>correct YHG=1437>in YHG=1437>ascribing YHG=1446>my YHG=1436>rejection YHG=1436>of YHG=1436>&dquo;the YHG=1437>call
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XBD=1186 XBD=335 XBD=419 XBD=506 XBD=617 XBD=657 XBD=837 XBD=861 XBD=1021 XHG=77 XHG=344 XHG=427 XHG=514 XHG=624 XHG=665 XHG=869 XHG=1029 YBD=1548 YBD=1549 YBD=1547 YBD=1540 YBD=1541 YBD=1548 YHG=1511>pharmacologists YHG=1511>have YHG=1512>been YHG=1512>trying YHG=1518>to YHG=1520>encourage YHG=1521>a YHG=1511>scientific YHG=1511>approach XBD=1446XHG=845 XBD=1484 XBD=1718 XBD=1743 XBD=1813 XBD=1971 XBD=2012 XBD=2073 XBD=2276 XBD=2410 XHG=1283 XHG=1455 XHG=1493 XHG=1730 XHG=1752 XHG=1822 XHG=1979 XHG=2020 XHG=2082 XHG=2284 YBD=1553 YBD=1552 YBD=1555 YBD=1562 YBD=1554 YHG=1525>education YHG=1531>at YHG=1524>MEDUNSA. YHG=1525>I YHG=1534>was YHG=1524>referring YHG=1532>to YHG=1525>the YHG=1525>suggestions YHG=1524>of some XBD=104 XBD=306 XBD=376 XBD=450 XBD=489 XBD=576 XBD=724 XBD=766 XBD=824 XBD=921 XBD=972 XBD=1186 XHG=77 XHG=116 XHG=321 XHG=390 XHG=464 XHG=502 XHG=588 XHG=736 XHG=772 XHG=837 XHG=934 XHG=979 YBD=1584 YBD=1592 YBD=1593 YBD=1584 YBD=1585 YBD=1592 YHG=1561>to YHG=1555>prescribing, YHG=1556>but YHG=1555>this YHG=1556>is YHG=1556>only YHG=1556>possible YHG=1555>if YHG=1556>the YHG=1556>units YHG=1555>of YHG=1555>prescription XBD=1405 XHG=2371 XBD=1489 XBD=1614 XBD=1702 XBD=1777 XBD=1955 XBD=2011 XBD=2162 XBD=2349 XBD=2409 XHG=1282 YBD=1598 XHG=1428 XHG=1510 XHG=1637 XHG=1725 XHG=1800 XHG=1978 XHG=2032 XHG=2185 YBD=1606 YHG=1569>be YHG=1569>doctors YHG=1568>and YHG=1569>others YHG=1569>that YHG=1569>the YHG=1569>emphasis YHG=1569>in YHG=1569>medical YHG=1569>education XBD=130 XBD=189 XBD=283 XBD=334 XBD=573 XBD=636 XBD=702 XBD=808 XBD=884 XBD=1046 XBD=1186 XHG=77 XHG=141 XHG=202 XHG=296 XHG=341 XHG=586 XHG=649 XHG=716 XHG=897 XHG=1062 YBD=1629 YBD=1630 YBD=1628 YBD=1629 YBD=1637 YBD=1637 YHG=1600>and YHG=1599>the YHG=1600>units YHG=1600>of YHG=1600>concentration YHG=1609>are YHG=1600>the YHG=1609>same. YHG=1600>For YHG=1600>example, YHG=1600>loading XBD=1421XHG=824 XBD=1516 XBD=1649 XBD=1806 XBD=1851 XBD=1957 XBD=2124 XBD=2169 XBD=2264 XBD=2292 XBD=2410 XHG=1281 XHG=1434 XHG=1528 XHG=1663 XHG=1818 XHG=1865 XHG=1972 XHG=2136 XHG=2183 XHG=2279 XHG=2305 YBD=1650 YBD=1642 YBD=1643 YHG=1613>changed YHG=1613>from YHG=1613>clinical YHG=1613>teaching YHG=1620>to YHG=1613>social YHG=1614>medicine YHG=1621>to YHG=1614>what YHG=1613>I YHG=1613>would XBD=155 XBD=202 XBD=241 XBD=372 XBD=397 XBD=526 XBD=631 XBD=758 XBD=999 XBD=1072 XBD=1139 XBD=1184 XHG=76 XHG=162 XHG=211 XHG=250 XHG=381 XHG=406 XHG=534 XHG=640 XHG=1007 XHG=1082 XHG=1146 YBD=1674 YBD=1673 YBD=1681 YBD=1682 YBD=1674 YBD=1682 YBD=1674 YHG=1644>doses YHG=1645>(g) YHG=1651>to YHG=1644>achieve YHG=1654>a YHG=1645>desired YHG=1651>target YHG=1645>plasma YHG=1645>concentration YHG=1645>(g/1) YHG=1654>can YHG=1645>be XBD=1390XHG=766 XBD=1430 XBD=1478 XBD=1642 XBD=1766 XBD=1820 XBD=1844 XBD=1953 XBD=1994 XBD=2057 XBD=2181 XBD=2206 XBD=2334 XBD=2408 XHG=1281 XHG=1399 XHG=1440 XHG=1489 XHG=1653 XHG=1778 XHG=1831 XHG=1855 XHG=1962 XHG=2005 XHG=2067 XHG=2193 XHG=2215 XHG=2343 YBD=1694 YBD=1686 YBD=1695 YBD=1692 YBD=1685 YBD=1687 YHG=1658>regard YHG=1667>as YHG=1667>an YHG=1658>excessive YHG=1664>extent. YHG=1657>As YHG=1657>I YHG=1658>stated YHG=1658>in YHG=1667>my YHG=1658>article, YHG=1658>I YHG=1658>believe YHG=1658>that XBD=231 XBD=278 XBD=486 XBD=556 XBD=663 XBD=905 XBD=955 XBD=1077 XBD=1184 XHG=76 XHG=239 XHG=287 XHG=494 XHG=566 XHG=672 XHG=914 XHG=963 XHG=1086 YBD=1718 YBD=1719 YBD=1726 YBD=1718 YBD=1727 YBD=1718 YBD=1726 YHG=1689>calculated YHG=1689>multiplying YHG=1689>this YHG=1696>target YHG=1689>concentration YHG=1689>by YHG=1689>known XBD=1303 XHG=2351 XBD=1338 XBD=1420 XBD=1607 XBD=1782 XBD=1822 XBD=1987 XBD=2055 XBD=2164 XBD=2286 XBD=2343 XBD=2408 XHG=1280 YBD=1731 XHG=1313 XHG=1346 XHG=1428 XHG=1617 XHG=1790 XHG=1831 XHG=1996 XHG=2065 XHG=2171 XHG=2295 YBD=1740 YHG=1698>popuYBD=1739 YBD=1730 YBD=1737 YHG=1702>it YHG=1702>is YHG=1712>very YHG=1702>important, YHG=1701>especially YHG=1702>in YHG=1702>countries YHG=1702>like YHG=1701>South YHG=1701>Africa, YHG=1701>for YHG=1711>our XBD=160 XBD=271 XBD=321 XBD=450 XBD=501 XBD=707 XBD=760 XBD=995 XBD=1096 XBD=1184 XHG=76 XHG=172 XHG=283 XHG=327 XHG=463 XHG=507 XHG=717 XHG=1007 XHG=1107 YBD=1762 YBD=1763 YBD=1771 YBD=1762 YBD=1763 YBD=1771 YHG=1733>lation YHG=1733>values YHG=1733>volume YHG=1733>of YHG=1733>distribution YHG=1733>(1). YHG=1733>Maintenance YHG=1734>doses YHG=1733>(g/h) XBD=1410XHG=774 XBD=1580 XBD=1621 XBD=1668 XBD=1745 XBD=1786 XBD=1881 XBD=2065 XBD=2105 XBD=2196 XBD=2288 XBD=2329 XBD=2407 XHG=1280 XHG=1419 XHG=1589 XHG=1631 XHG=1678 XHG=1754 XHG=1796 XHG=1890 XHG=2073 XHG=2115 XHG=2205 XHG=2298 XHG=2338 YBD=1776 YBD=1783 YBD=1775 YHG=1746>medical YHG=1746>graduates YHG=1746>be YHG=1746>able YHG=1753>to YHG=1746>work YHG=1745>effectively YHG=1746>in YHG=1746>rural YHG=1755>areas YHG=1755>as YHG=1746>well XBD=102 XBD=229 XBD=262 XBD=371 XBD=584 XBD=719 XBD=971 XBD=1046 XBD=1128 XBD=1183 XHG=75 XHG=120 XHG=247 XHG=281 XHG=390 XHG=603 XHG=990 XHG=1065 XHG=1146 YBD=1807 YBD=1816 YBD=1815 YBD=1807 YBD=1807 YBD=1807 YHG=1785>to YHG=1778>sustain YHG=1787>a YHG=1778>given YHG=1778>steady-state YHG=1777>plasma YHG=1778>concentration YHG=1787>can YHG=1778>also YHG=1779>be XBD=1311XHG=738 XBD=1371 XBD=1497 XBD=1618 XBD=1708 XBD=1766 XBD=1870 XBD=1949 XBD=2061 XBD=2249 XBD=2307 XBD=2407 XHG=1280 XHG=1339 XHG=1398 XHG=1524 XHG=1647 XHG=1734 XHG=1793 XHG=1897 XHG=1977 XHG=2089 XHG=2275 XHG=2334 YBD=1825 YBD=1819 YBD=1820 YBD=1828 YHG=1799>as YHG=1791>in YHG=1790>urban YHG=1799>areas, YHG=1790>and YHG=1790>have YHG=1790>the YHG=1790>skills YHG=1799>necessary YHG=1797>to YHG=1790>help XBD=239 XBD=297 XBD=514 XBD=628 XBD=879 XBD=938 XBD=1068 XBD=1183 XHG=75 XHG=257 XHG=315 XHG=531 XHG=646 XHG=897 XHG=954 XHG=1086 YBD=1858 YBD=1861 YBD=1859 YBD=1852 YBD=1860 YBD=1852 YBD=1860 YHG=1822>calculated, YHG=1822>by YHG=1822>multiplying YHG=1829>target YHG=1822>concentration YHG=1823>by YHG=1823>known XBD=1509 XHG=2345 XBD=1675 XBD=1748 XBD=1817 XBD=1922 XBD=1952 XBD=2030 XBD=2171 XBD=2248 XBD=2329 XBD=2406 XHG=1279 YBD=1864 XHG=1525 XHG=1692 XHG=1765 XHG=1834 XHG=1939 XHG=1969 XHG=2046 XHG=2186 XHG=2263 YBD=1873 YHG=1832>popuYBD=1869 YBD=1863 YBD=1872 YHG=1835>impoverished YHG=1835>societies, YHG=1835>but YHG=1834>the YHG=1835>point YHG=1834>I YHG=1834>making YHG=1844>was YHG=1834>that YHG=1835>this XBD=160 XBD=276 XBD=332 XBD=499 XBD=593 XBD=650 XBD=815 XBD=927 XBD=975 XBD=1037 XBD=1183 XHG=75 XHG=176 XHG=295 XHG=344 XHG=515 XHG=614 XHG=668 XHG=834 XHG=986 XHG=1055 YBD=1896 YBD=1897 YBD=1905 YBD=1902 YBD=1896 YBD=1896 YBD=1897 YHG=1867>lation YHG=1867>values YHG=1866>of YHG=1867>clearance YHG=1867>(1/h). YHG=1867>In YHG=1867>overdose YHG=1877>cases, YHG=1867>if YHG=1867>the YHG=1874>amount XBD=1361XHG=946 XBD=1438 XBD=1499 XBD=1602 XBD=1658 XBD=1758 XBD=1797 XBD=1887 XBD=1940 XBD=1995 XBD=2113 XBD=2168 XBD=2271 XBD=2407 XHG=1279 XHG=1385 XHG=1461 XHG=1522 XHG=1626 XHG=1681 XHG=1781 XHG=1819 XHG=1909 XHG=1962 XHG=2018 XHG=2136 XHG=2191 XHG=2293 YBD=1917 YBD=1908 YBD=1909 YBD=1916 YHG=1886>must YHG=1886>not YHG=1880>be YHG=1879>done YHG=1879>such YHG=1888>a YHG=1889>way YHG=1889>as YHG=1887>to YHG=1879>result YHG=1880>in YHG=1879>their YHG=1880>having XBD=202 XBD=234 XBD=364 XBD=586 XBD=689 XBD=815 XBD=1071 XBD=1136 XBD=1182 XHG=75 XHG=210 XHG=242 XHG=375 XHG=596 XHG=824 XHG=1080 XHG=1145 YBD=1948 YBD=1941 YBD=1947 YBD=1949 YBD=1948 YBD=1941 YBD=1940 YBD=1941 YHG=1912>ingested YHG=1911>is YHG=1912>known, YHG=1912>approximate YHG=1911>likely YHG=1912>plasma YHG=1911>concentrations YHG=1921>can YHG=1912>be XBD=1461XHG=697 XBD=1593 XBD=1698 XBD=1725 XBD=1797 XBD=1862 XBD=2022 XBD=2063 XBD=2289 XBD=2353 XBD=2404 XHG=1278 XHG=1472 XHG=1604 XHG=1712 XHG=1735 XHG=1807 XHG=1872 XHG=2031 XHG=2073 XHG=2299 XHG=2364 YBD=1961 YBD=1952 YBD=1960 YBD=1953 YHG=1924>inadequate YHG=1924>clinical YHG=1923>skills. YHG=1924>I YHG=1933>was YHG=1930>not YHG=1923>referring YHG=1930>to YHG=1922>MEDUNSA YHG=1932>per YHG=1933>se. XBD=229 XBD=321 XBD=384 XBD=529 XBD=590 XBD=727 XBD=823 XHG=75 XHG=241 XHG=333 XHG=397 XHG=542 XHG=603 XHG=739 YBD=1985 YBD=1986 YBD=1992 YBD=1985 YHG=1956>calculated YHG=1956>from YHG=1956>the YHG=1955>formula YHG=1955>for YHG=1956>loading YHG=1956>dose. XBD=1337 XHG=2277 XBD=1519 XBD=1599 XBD=1687 XBD=1785 XBD=1826 XBD=1972 XBD=2153 XBD=2192 XBD=2266 XBD=2406 XHG=1278 YBD=1997 XHG=1346 XHG=1529 XHG=1610 XHG=1697 XHG=1795 XHG=1837 XHG=1982 XHG=2163 XHG=2201 YBD=2006 YHG=1967>medical YBD=2005 YHG=1969>My YHG=1968>colleagues YHG=1968>who YHG=1969>have YHG=1968>acted YHG=1977>as YHG=1968>external YHG=1968>examiners YHG=1974>at YHG=1968>that XBD=326 XBD=413 XBD=454 XBD=652 XBD=693 XBD=798 XBD=890 XBD=1180 XHG=104 XHG=334 XHG=422 XHG=463 XHG=661 XHG=702 XHG=899 YBD=2030 YBD=2029 YBD=2035 YHG=2000>If YHG=2009>were YHG=2000>standardise YHG=2006>to YHG=2000>molar YHG=2000>units YHG=2000>of laboratories concentration, XBD=1385XHG=806 XBD=1475 XBD=1614 XBD=1675 XBD=1781 XBD=1846 XBD=1944 XBD=2022 XBD=2087 XBD=2260 XBD=2322 XBD=2407 XHG=1279 XHG=1398 XHG=1488 XHG=1627 XHG=1689 XHG=1793 XHG=1858 XHG=1956 XHG=2034 XHG=2100 XHG=2272 XHG=2334 YBD=2042 YBD=2041 YBD=2040 YBD=2049 YHG=2013>school YHG=2013>have YHG=2013>assured YHG=2021>me YHG=2012>down YHG=2021>years YHG=2012>that YHG=2012>the YHG=2012>standards YHG=2021>are YHG=2021>very XBD=139 XBD=237 XBD=413 XBD=523 XBD=614 XBD=669 XBD=763 XBD=809 XBD=1010 XBD=1052 XBD=1132 XBD=1182 XHG=74 XHG=155 XHG=255 XHG=431 XHG=541 XHG=631 XHG=685 XHG=819 XHG=1027 XHG=1070 XHG=1149 YBD=2074 YBD=2074 YBD=2082 YBD=2073 YBD=2082 YBD=2074 YBD=2073 YHG=2045>then YHG=2044>these YHG=2045>equations YHG=2044>could YHG=2044>only YHG=2044>be YHG=2044>used YHG=2044>if YHG=2044>prescribing YHG=2045>is YHG=2044>also YHG=2045>in XBD=1354XHG=779 XBD=1424 XBD=1497 XBD=1560 XBD=1731 XBD=1797 XBD=1882 XBD=1969 XBD=2049 XBD=2175 XBD=2236 XBD=2406 XHG=1278 XHG=1363 XHG=1432 XHG=1508 XHG=1569 XHG=1741 XHG=1806 XHG=1889 XHG=1978 XHG=2058 XHG=2184 XHG=2245 YBD=2094 YBD=2086 YBD=2093 YHG=2057>high YHG=2057>and YHG=2057>that YHG=2056>the YHG=2057>graduates YHG=2066>can YHG=2056>hold YHG=2056>their YHG=2066>own YHG=2056>against YHG=2057>the YHG=2056>graduates
" XBD=1187 XBD=121 XBD=186 XBD=398 XBD=477 XBD=581 XBD=636 XBD=731 XBD=860 XBD=913 XBD=1099 XHG=78 XHG=136 XHG=201 XHG=416 XHG=493 XHG=598 XHG=645 XHG=747 XHG=930 XHG=1114 XHG=1171 YBD=1362 YBD=1368 YBD=1364 YBD=1363 YBD=1362 YBD=1363 YBD=1362 YHG=1343>are YHG=1339>not YHG=1333>xenobiotics, YHG=1334>and YHG=1334>doses YHG=1334>of YHG=1333>these YHG=1333>should YHG=1334>be YHG=1333>calculated YHG=1342>on YHG=1343>a " XBD=1155 XBD=1397XHG=875 XBD=1480 XBD=1514 XBD=1583 XBD=1717 XBD=1776 XBD=1840 XBD=1952 XBD=2009 XBD=2217 XBD=2283 XBD=2413 XHG=2302 XHG=1284 XHG=1416 XHG=1501 XHG=1534 XHG=1602 XHG=1737 XHG=1787 XHG=1859 XHG=1971 XHG=2021 XHG=2236 YBD=1384 YBD=1376 YBD=1385 YBD=1377 YBD=1378 YBD=1386 YHG=1348>stating YHG=1348>that YHG=1348>I YHG=1357>am YHG=1348>critical YHG=1348>the YHG=1348>siting YHG=1348>of YHG=1348>universities YHG=1347>for YHG=1348>purely
" XBD=2410 XBD=124 XHG=792 XBD=178 XBD=267 XBD=369 XBD=491 XBD=622 XBD=673 XBD=773 XBD=875 XBD=1031 XBD=1185 XHG=77 XHG=143 XHG=191 XHG=286 XHG=389 XHG=511 XHG=641 XHG=693 XHG=896 XHG=1054 YBD=1496 YBD=1504 YBD=1495 YBD=1496 YBD=1504 YBD=1496 YHG=1476>use YHG=1465>of YHG=1476>mass YHG=1466>units YHG=1467>whilst YHG=1467>dosing YHG=1467>in YHG=1475>mass YHG=1467>units YHG=1467>persists. YHG=1466>Clinical " XBD=1330 XBD=1543 XBD=1597 XBD=1736 XBD=1938 XBD=1987 XBD=2056 XBD=2217 XBD=2271 XHG=1283 XHG=1346 XHG=1558 XHG=1607 XHG=1753 XHG=1955 XHG=2003 XHG=2072 XHG=2232 XHG=2280 YBD=1509 YBD=1510 YHG=1480>for YHG=1480>devaluation YHG=1480>medical YHG=1480>education&dquo; YHG=1488>to YHG=1481>the YHG=1481>standard YHG=1480>of YHG=1481>medical
" XBD=2174 XBD=159 XHG=954 XBD=329 XBD=369 XBD=620 XBD=681 XBD=858 XBD=944 XBD=986 XBD=1076 XBD=1179 XHG=73 XHG=169 XHG=340 XHG=373 XHG=631 XHG=692 XHG=867 XHG=996 XHG=1085 YBD=2118 YBD=2118 YBD=2117 YBD=2118 YBD=2123 YHG=2089>molar YHG=2095>terms-or YHG=2089>if YHG=2089>concentrations YHG=2098>are YHG=2089>converted YHG=2089>back YHG=2095>to YHG=2098>mass YHG=2089>units, " XBD=1318 XBD=1413 XBD=1556 XBD=1691 XBD=1736 XBD=1850 XBD=1966 XBD=2040 XHG=1280 XHG=1324 XHG=1426 XHG=1569 XHG=1704 XHG=1750 XHG=1862 XHG=1979 XHG=2052 YBD=2129 YBD=2128 YHG=2099>of YHG=2100>other YHG=2099>medical YHG=2099>schools YHG=2100>in YHG=2099>South YHG=2099>Africa YHG=2099>and YHG=2099>abroad.
" XBD=1181 XBD=121 XBD=189 XBD=237 XBD=278 XBD=348 XBD=531 XBD=595 XBD=776 XBD=917 XBD=968 XBD=1015 XHG=72 XHG=133 XHG=201 XHG=242 XHG=291 XHG=361 XHG=544 XHG=609 XHG=788 XHG=975 XHG=1027 XHG=1145 YBD=2163 YBD=2162 YBD=2169 YBD=2161 YBD=2162 YBD=2169 YBD=2161 YHG=2134>but YHG=2133>few YHG=2143>us YHG=2142>can YHG=2133>remember YHG=2132>the YHG=2133>molecular YHG=2133>weights YHG=2133>of YHG=2133>all YHG=2133>drugs. YHG=2133>In " XBD=1129 XBD=1339XHG=931 XBD=1376 XBD=1427 XBD=1545 XBD=1716 XBD=1775 XBD=1966 XBD=2161 XBD=2203 XBD=2251 XBD=2407 XHG=2261 XHG=1313 XHG=1350 XHG=1387 XHG=1438 XHG=1556 XHG=1727 XHG=1785 XHG=1977 XHG=2171 XHG=2213 YBD=2175 YBD=2183 YBD=2182 YBD=2174 YHG=2146>It YHG=2146>is YHG=2155>no YHG=2145>longer YHG=2154>necessary YHG=2144>for YHG=2145>ministerial YHG=2145>permission YHG=2152>to YHG=2145>be YHG=2145>obtained
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
XBD=1180 XBD=250 XBD=300 XBD=360 XBD=547 XBD=748 XBD=801 XBD=1085 XHG=73 XHG=264 XHG=309 XHG=375 XHG=560 XHG=808 XHG=1098 YBD=2214 YBD=2214 YBD=2206 YBD=2215 YBD=2214 YHG=2177>recognition YHG=2176>of YHG=2177>the YHG=2177>increasing YHG=2177>application YHG=2177>of YHG=2177>pharmacological YHG=2177>prinXBD=1308XHG=763 XBD=1407 XBD=1523 XBD=1682 XBD=1777 XBD=1825 XBD=1935 XBD=1984 XBD=2053 XBD=2200 XBD=2358 XBD=2413 XHG=1278 XHG=1318 XHG=1424 XHG=1540 XHG=1699 XHG=1793 XHG=1843 XHG=1951 XHG=2000 XHG=2070 XHG=2217 XHG=2374 YBD=2227 YBD=2218 YBD=2219 YHG=2190>if YHG=2189>black YHG=2189>South YHG=2189>Africans YHG=2190>wish YHG=2196>to YHG=2190>study YHG=2190>in YHG=2189>the YHG=2189>medical YHG=2189>faculties YHG=2188>of XBD=157 XBD=198 XBD=420 XBD=484 XBD=582 XBD=710 XBD=950 XBD=1021 XBD=1178 XHG=72 XHG=167 XHG=207 XHG=432 XHG=495 XHG=592 XHG=720 XHG=961 XHG=1031 YBD=2258 YBD=2259 YBD=2250 YBD=2251 YBD=2250 YBD=2250 YHG=2222>ciples YHG=2222>in YHG=2221>therapeutics, YHG=2222>the YHG=2221>latest YHG=2221>edition YHG=2221>of YHG=2221>and &dquo;Goodman XBD=1473 XHG=2345 XBD=1593 XBD=1700 XBD=1956 XBD=2072 XBD=2313 XBD=2406 XHG=1277 YBD=2263 XHG=1505 XHG=1625 XHG=1731 XHG=1991 XHG=2105 YBD=2262 YHG=2221>Gilman&dquo; YBD=2271 YHG=2234>universities YHG=2234>other YHG=2234>than YHG=2232>MEDUNSA. YHG=2233>That YHG=2234>requirement YHG=2243>was XBD=119 XHG=871 XBD=166 XBD=329 XBD=391 XBD=729 XBD=858 XBD=909 XBD=1093 XBD=1181 XHG=72 XHG=131 XHG=178 XHG=342 XHG=404 XHG=741 XHG=915 XHG=1104 YBD=2295 YBD=2303 YBD=2295 YBD=2294 YBD=2303 YBD=2295 YHG=2266>has YHG=2275>an YHG=2266>extensive YHG=2266>list YHG=2266>indices YHG=2265>of YHG=2266>commonly YHG=2266>used pharmacokinetic XBD=1424 XBD=1466 XBD=1661 XBD=1765 XBD=1848 XBD=1982 XBD=2130 XBD=2294 XBD=2330 XBD=2406 XHG=1278 XHG=1434 XHG=1478 XHG=1677 XHG=1779 XHG=1859 XHG=1994 XHG=2140 XHG=2305 XHG=2341 YBD=2312 YBD=2306 YBD=2314 YBD=2315 YBD=2307 YHG=2278>removed YHG=2278>in YHG=2278>December, YHG=2278>1985. YHG=2278>The YHG=2285>present YHG=2278>position YHG=2277>therefore YHG=2278>is YHG=2278>that XBD=164 XBD=275 XBD=343 XBD=426 XBD=475 XBD=563 XBD=667 XBD=707 XBD=788 XBD=850 XBD=944 XBD=993 XBD=1109 XBD=1181 XHG=72 XHG=177 XHG=287 XHG=354 XHG=436 XHG=485 XHG=573 XHG=679 XHG=711 XHG=798 XHG=860 XHG=997 XHG=1120 YBD=2347 YBD=2340 YBD=2347 YBD=2348 YBD=2338 YBD=2339 YBD=2347 YBD=2339 YHG=2311>drugs. YHG=2310>These YHG=2319>can YHG=2310>only YHG=2311>be YHG=2310>used YHG=2309>easily YHG=2309>if YHG=2310>both YHG=2310>the YHG=2310>units YHG=2310>of YHG=2310>dosage YHG=2310>and XBD=1317XHG=955 XBD=1467 XBD=1527 XBD=1686 XBD=1726 XBD=1775 XBD=1980 XBD=2022 XBD=2131 XBD=2253 XBD=2358 XBD=2406 XHG=1278 XHG=1327 XHG=1477 XHG=1537 XHG=1694 XHG=1736 XHG=1784 XHG=1990 XHG=2032 XHG=2139 XHG=2263 XHG=2365 YBD=2357 YBD=2351 YBD=2352 YHG=2322>students YHG=2331>are YHG=2322>admitted YHG=2329>to YHG=2322>all YHG=2322>universities YHG=2322>in YHG=2321>South YHG=2322>Africa, YHG=2322>based YHG=2331>on XBD=103 XHG=472 XBD=332 XBD=394 XBD=458 XBD=563 XHG=71 YBD=2384 XHG=110 XHG=345 YBD=2383YHG=2354>of YBD=2384 YHG=2354>concentration YHG=2364>are YHG=2354>the YHG=2363>same. XBD=1398XHG=407 XBD=1454 XBD=1508 XBD=1571 XBD=1780 XBD=1986 XBD=2070 XBD=2265 XBD=2315 XBD=2406 XHG=1277 XHG=1411 XHG=1466 XHG=1519 XHG=1583 XHG=1791 XHG=2002 XHG=2083 XHG=2276 XHG=2321 YBD=2395 YBD=2404 YBD=2396 YBD=2403 YHG=2366>criteria YHG=2373>set YHG=2367>by YHG=2366>the YHG=2366>universities YHG=2366>themselves. YHG=2366>The YHG=2366>University YHG=2366>of YHG=2366>Cape
XBD=133 XHG=742 XBD=237 XBD=399 XBD=444 XBD=651 XBD=719 XBD=863 XBD=1177 XHG=100 XHG=161 XHG=266 XHG=428 XHG=474 XHG=682 XHG=893YBD=2427 YBD=2428 YBD=2435 YHG=2399>In YHG=2399>New YHG=2398>Zealand YHG=2408>a YHG=2399>committee YHG=2398>of YHG=2398>clinical YHG=2398>pharmacologists, XBD=2405 XBD=1379 XBD=1500 XBD=1651 XBD=1859 XBD=2138 XBD=2269 XHG=1278 XHG=1390 XHG=1511 XHG=1662 XHG=1869 XHG=2148 XHG=2280 YBD=2440 YBD=2445 YBD=2447 YHG=2410>Town YHG=2411>admits YHG=2411>students YHG=2411>irrespective YHG=2410>of YHG=2410>gender, consideration race, XBD=339 XBD=433 XBD=675 XBD=733 XBD=891 XBD=989 XBD=1178 XHG=70 XHG=373 XHG=465 XHG=708 XHG=766 XHG=1022 YBD=2480 YBD=2479 YBD=2471 YBD=2479 YHG=2442>pharmacologists, YHG=2443>and YHG=2442>toxicologists YHG=2443>is YHG=2442>looking YHG=2442>into YHG=2442>problems XBD=1311XHG=924 XBD=1391 XBD=1469 XBD=1549 XBD=1621 XBD=1715 XBD=1789 XBD=1985 XBD=2064 XBD=2096 XBD=2219 XBD=2274 XBD=2406 XHG=1277 XHG=1328 XHG=1408 XHG=1484 XHG=1566 XHG=1637 XHG=1732 XHG=1806 XHG=2003 XHG=2080 XHG=2112 XHG=2235 XHG=2283 YBD=2489 YBD=2483 YBD=2492 YBD=2484 YHG=2463>or YHG=2463>sex, YHG=2455>that YHG=2455>has YHG=2455>been YHG=2464>our YHG=2454>standpoint YHG=2455>and YHG=2465>a YHG=2464>source YHG=2454>of YHG=2455>tension XBD=225 XBD=324 XBD=540 XBD=645 XBD=869 XBD=975 XBD=1178 XHG=69 XHG=249 XHG=350 XHG=567 XHG=671 XHG=1001 YBD=2516 YBD=2524 YBD=2523 YBD=2516 YBD=2515 YHG=2487>associated YHG=2487>with YHG=2487>therapeutic YHG=2487>drug YHG=2486>monitoring. YHG=2487>This YHG=2486>committee XBD=1416XHG=898 XBD=1500 XBD=1703 XBD=1787 XBD=1860 XBD=2085 XBD=2154 XBD=2315 XBD=2406 XHG=1277 XHG=1437 XHG=1522 XHG=1725 XHG=1808 XHG=1882 XHG=2108 XHG=2176 XHG=2340 YBD=2536 YBD=2527 YBD=2535 YBD=2529 YBD=2528 YHG=2499>between YHG=2499>this YHG=2498>University YHG=2498>and YHG=2498>the YHG=2506>government YHG=2499>for YHG=2500>decades. YHG=2498>Our XBD=196 XBD=325 XBD=592 XBD=657 XBD=814 XBD=904 XBD=997 XBD=1137 XBD=1184 XHG=70 XHG=205 XHG=336 XHG=602 XHG=667 XHG=824 XHG=1006 XHG=1147 YBD=2569 YBD=2568 YBD=2560 YBD=2560 YHG=2531>strongly YHG=2531>favours YHG=2531>standardisation YHG=2531>but YHG=2537>supports YHG=2529>mass YHG=2531>units YHG=2531>because YHG=2530>of XBD=1445XHG=913 XBD=1643 XBD=1692 XBD=1833 XBD=1955 XBD=2155 XBD=2226 XBD=2323 XBD=2405 XHG=1277 XHG=1464 XHG=1660 XHG=1709 XHG=1849 XHG=1972 XHG=2172 XHG=2244 XHG=2340 YBD=2580 YBD=2572 YHG=2543>consistent YHG=2543>opposition YHG=2549>to YHG=2542>racially YHG=2543>biased YHG=2543>admissions YHG=2543>has YHG=2544>been YHG=2552>sucXBD=139 XBD=224 XBD=291 XBD=456 XBD=496 XBD=721 XBD=822 XBD=924 XBD=981 XBD=1137 XBD=1178 XHG=69 XHG=148 XHG=232 XHG=299 XHG=465 XHG=504 XHG=731 XHG=831 XHG=990 XHG=1146 YBD=2604 YBD=2611 YBD=2612 YBD=2604 YBD=2604 YBD=2603 YHG=2575>their YHG=2575>logic YHG=2575>and YHG=2575>relevance YHG=2582>to YHG=2575>therapeutics. YHG=2575>Until YHG=2576>drugs YHG=2584>are YHG=2575>available YHG=2575>in XBD=1390XHG=933 XBD=1464 XBD=1489 XBD=1584 XBD=1662 XBD=1698 XBD=1775 XBD=1905 XBD=1962 XHG=1276 XHG=1403 XHG=1476 XHG=1503 XHG=1596 XHG=1676 XHG=1711 XHG=1788 XHG=1918 YBD=2615 YBD=2624 YBD=2616 YHG=2586>cessful YHG=2587>and YHG=2587>I YHG=2587>hope YHG=2587>that YHG=2587>it YHG=2587>will YHG=2587>remain YHG=2596>so. XBD=155 XHG=943 XBD=260 XBD=332 XBD=509 XBD=566 XBD=657 XBD=924 XBD=975 XBD=1075 XBD=1177 XHG=69 XHG=173 XHG=280 XHG=352 XHG=528 XHG=579 XHG=677 XHG=995 XHG=1093 YBD=2649 YBD=2654 YBD=2656 YBD=2648 YBD=2648 YBD=2648 YHG=2620>molar YHG=2619>form, YHG=2619>the YHG=2620>reporting YHG=2619>of YHG=2619>drug YHG=2620>concentrations YHG=2620>in YHG=2628>mass YHG=2619>units University of Cape Town, XBD=162 XHG=266 XBD=254 XBD=443 XHG=68 YBD=2693 XHG=174 YBD=2692YHG=2664>would YBD=2701 YHG=2673>seem YHG=2663>preferable. Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
S.
J. SAUNDERS,
Vice-chancellor and
University Department of Medicine, Christchurch Clinical School of Medicine,
University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
DISPOSING OF SINGLE-USE EVAN J. BEGG
" XBD=2355 XBD=2409 XHG=2373 XBD=1465 XBD=1623 XBD=1713 XBD=1758 XBD=1796 XBD=1895 XBD=2124 XBD=2180 XBD=2273 XHG=1316 YBD=2877 XHG=1480 XHG=1637 XHG=1729 XHG=1776 XHG=1812 XHG=1912 XHG=2139 XHG=2195 XHG=2288 YBD=2884 YHG=2849>14 YBD=2887 YBD=2885 YBD=2878 YBD=2886 YHG=2848>SrR,-Dr YHG=2849>Brondos YHG=2849>(Feb YHG=2850>8, YHG=2859>p YHG=2850>326), YHG=2849>commenting YHG=2858>on YHG=2858>your YHG=2849>Dec " XBD=2409 XBD=1420 XHG=2120 XBD=1473 XBD=1651 XBD=1855 XBD=1990 XBD=2044 XBD=2108 XBD=2270 XHG=2281 YBD=2921 XHG=1280 XHG=1432 XHG=1485 XHG=1663 XHG=1869 XHG=2003 XHG=2055 YBD=2929 YHG=2892>immense YBD=2930 YBD=2922 YHG=2899>amount YHG=2892>editorial YHG=2902>on YHG=2892>single-use YHG=2893>equipment, YHG=2893>focuses YHG=2901>on YHG=2893>the " XBD=1318 XBD=1418 XBD=1496 XHG=1280 XHG=1324 XHG=1430 XHG=1509 YBD=2966 YHG=2936>of YHG=2943>waste YHG=2936>that YHG=2936>results. " XBD=1629 XBD=263 XHG=836 XBD=370 XBD=513 XBD=619 XBD=824 XBD=914 XBD=1115 XBD=1181 XHG=102 XHG=275 XHG=382 XHG=526 XHG=631 XHG=926YBD=2975 XHG=1126 YBD=2973 YBD=2974 YBD=2968 YBD=2974 YBD=2967 YHG=2938>SiR,-Our YHG=2939>major YHG=2948>concern YHG=2939>about YHG=2939>therapeutic YHG=2939>drug YHG=2938>monitoring YHG=2938>lies
" XBD=1467 XBD=1563 XBD=1700 XBD=1806 XBD=1865 XBD=1931 XBD=1980 XBD=2054 XBD=2310 XHG=1316 XHG=1477 XHG=1575 XHG=1710 XHG=1819 XHG=1877 XHG=1942 XHG=1995 XHG=2066 XHG=2322 YBD=3014 YBD=3016 YBD=3013 YBD=3006 YBD=3015 YBD=3007 YHG=2978>Running YHG=2978>three YHG=2978>dialysis YHG=2979>units, YHG=2988>we YHG=2979>did YHG=2979>56 YHG=2979>704 YHG=2979>extracorporeal YHG=2985>treat"" XBD=2410 XBD=98 XBD=154 XBD=225 XBD=270 XBD=475 XBD=524 XBD=583 XBD=779 XBD=891 XBD=937 XBD=990 XBD=1182 XHG=71 XHG=107 XHG=164 XHG=235 XHG=273 XHG=484 XHG=532 XHG=592 XHG=787 XHG=900 XHG=940 XHG=999 YBD=3010 YBD=3020 YBD=3012 YBD=3019 YBD=3011 YBD=3038 YHG=2982>in YHG=2983>the YHG=2982>lack YHG=2983>appreciation YHG=2983>by YHG=2983>prescribing YHG=2982>doctor YHG=2982>of YHG=2982>the YHG=2982>complexity XBD=1379 XBD=1500 XBD=1589 XBD=1633 XBD=1702 XBD=1843 XBD=1928 XBD=2092 XBD=2184 XBD=2310 XBD=2411 XHG=1281 XHG=1391 XHG=1514 XHG=1601 XHG=1643 XHG=1714 XHG=1854 XHG=1939 XHG=2103 XHG=2195 XHG=2323 YBD=3052 YBD=3050 YBD=3059 YBD=3058 YBD=3051 YHG=3029>ments YHG=3022>during YHG=3023>1985 YHG=3022>in YHG=3023>410 YHG=3023>patients YHG=3022>with YHG=3022>end-stage YHG=3022>renal YHG=3022>failure. YHG=3022>Since XBD=104 XHG=830 XBD=156 XBD=291 XBD=439 XBD=465 XBD=573 XBD=662 XBD=748 XBD=820 XBD=881 XBD=1012 XBD=1164 XHG=70 XHG=107 XHG=166 XHG=300 XHG=449 XHG=476 XHG=583 XHG=672 XHG=759 XHG=891 XHG=1023 YBD=3054 YBD=3063 YBD=3055 YBD=3056 YBD=3055 YBD=3063 YHG=3026>of YHG=3027>the YHG=3026>relation YHG=3027>between YHG=3036>a YHG=3026>single YHG=3026>drug YHG=3026>level YHG=3026>and YHG=3026>the YHG=3026>clinical YHG=3026>problem " XBD=1326 XBD=1443 XBD=1496 XBD=1604 XBD=1675 XBD=1725 XBD=1969 XBD=2126 XBD=2189 XBD=2315 XHG=1280 XHG=1336 XHG=1455 XHG=1506 XHG=1614 XHG=1684 XHG=1735 XHG=1979 XHG=2137 XHG=2198 XHG=2326 YBD=3101 YBD=3104 YBD=3103 YBD=3096 YBD=3095 YHG=3075>we YHG=3066>doubt, YHG=3066>safety YHG=3066>and YHG=3076>on YHG=3066>money-saving YHG=3066>grounds, YHG=3066>the YHG=3066>benefit YHG=3066>of |>"XBD=2409 XBD=124 XBD=186 XBD=339 XBD=531 XBD=581 XBD=676 XBD=773 XBD=903 XBD=1176 XBD=1176 XHG=69 XHG=141 XHG=206 XHG=358 XHG=550 XHG=601 XHG=695 XHG=791 XHG=922 XHG=1163 YBD=3098 YBD=3105 YBD=3098 YBD=3106 YBD=3106 YBD=3082 YHG=3069>and YHG=3069>his YHG=3069>seeming YHG=3069>reluctance YHG=3076>to YHG=3070>alter YHG=3070>drug YHG=3069>dosage YHG=3062>appropriately.2 YHG=3062>2re" XBD=2407 XBD=1344 XBD=1403 XBD=1492 XBD=1536 XBD=1597 XBD=1658 XBD=1794 XBD=1950 XBD=2001 XBD=2116 XBD=2188 XBD=2294 XHG=1279 XHG=1357 XHG=1416 XHG=1504 XHG=1548 XHG=1610 XHG=1669 XHG=1806 XHG=1962 XHG=2006 XHG=2127 XHG=2199 XHG=2305 YBD=3145 YBD=3147 YBD=3146 YBD=3139 YHG=3119>use, YHG=3120>we YHG=3110>have YHG=3117>to YHG=3116>get YHG=3110>rid YHG=3116>amounts YHG=3110>of YHG=3110>plastic YHG=3111>and YHG=3119>paper YHG=3117>waste. XBD=139 XHG=774 XBD=213 XBD=302 XBD=358 XBD=496 XBD=696 XBD=754 XBD=826 XBD=1031 XBD=1088 XBD=1179 XHG=69 XHG=159 XHG=231 XHG=321 XHG=377 XHG=515 XHG=714 XHG=845 XHG=1050 XHG=1101 YBD=3142 YBD=3141 YBD=3150 YBD=3142 YBD=3150 YBD=3142 YBD=3149 YHG=3112>This YHG=3122>can YHG=3113>only YHG=3113>be YHG=3112>further YHG=3113>obfuscated YHG=3114>by YHG=3113>the YHG=3113>availability YHG=3113>of large YHG=3113>drug " XBD=2410 XBD=1317 XBD=1484 XBD=1597 XBD=1787 XBD=1913 XBD=1988 XBD=2037 XBD=2147 XBD=2277 XHG=1280 XHG=1325 XHG=1492 XHG=1606 XHG=1795 XHG=1922 XHG=1997 XHG=2046 XHG=2156 XHG=2285 YBD=3190 YBD=3183 YBD=3182 YBD=3189 YBD=3191 YHG=3154>In YHG=3153>Germany YHG=3153>health YHG=3154>authorities YHG=3154>believe YHG=3154>that YHG=3153>all YHG=3153>refuse YHG=3153>leaving YHG=3154>dialysis XBD=302 XHG=783 XBD=347 XBD=443 XBD=530 XBD=601 XBD=772 XBD=906 XBD=1012 XBD=1098 XBD=1177 XHG=68 XHG=315 XHG=359 XHG=455 XHG=542 XHG=613 XHG=921 XHG=1024 XHG=1110 YBD=3185 YBD=3184 YBD=3185 YBD=3193 YBD=3185 YBD=3185 YBD=3193 YHG=3156>concentrations YHG=3156>in YHG=3165>more YHG=3157>than YHG=3166>one YHG=3157>reporting YHG=3164>system. YHG=3156>Some YHG=3157>time YHG=3166>ago, " XBD=2408 XBD=1363 XBD=1399 XBD=1603 XBD=1647 XBD=1870 XBD=2044 XBD=2114 XBD=2202 XBD=2236 XHG=1279 XHG=1374 XHG=1410 XHG=1613 XHG=1656 XHG=1882 XHG=2052 XHG=2123 XHG=2211 XHG=2246 YBD=3233 YBD=3234 YBD=3225 YBD=3226 YBD=3231 YHG=3197>units YHG=3198>is YHG=3198>&dquo;venomous YHG=3206>or YHG=3197>contagious&dquo;. YHG=3197>Although YHG=3197>this YHG=3197>view YHG=3197>is YHG=3197>incorrect, XBD=109 XHG=829 XBD=284 XBD=363 XBD=524 XBD=583 XBD=775 XBD=810 XBD=911 XBD=1032 XBD=1179 XHG=68 XHG=128 XHG=302 XHG=382 XHG=543 XHG=602 XHG=794 XHG=929 XHG=1050 YBD=3228 YBD=3238 YBD=3237 YBD=3229 YBD=3229 YBD=3229 YHG=3209>we YHG=3200>addressed YHG=3201>this YHG=3201>question YHG=3201>by YHG=3201>producing YHG=3209>a YHG=3201>ruler YHG=3200>which YHG=3201>allowed " XBD=1179 XBD=239 XBD=413 XBD=531 XBD=631 XBD=765 XBD=887 XBD=986 XHG=67 XHG=275 XHG=451 XHG=569 XHG=668 XHG=803 XHG=1024 YBD=3272 YBD=3273 YBD=3272 YBD=3273 YHG=3243>conversion YHG=3244>between YHG=3253>mass YHG=3244>molar YHG=3244>units YHG=3244>and YHG=3244>indicated XBD=1403XHG=926 XBD=1516 XBD=1582 XBD=1627 XBD=1676 XBD=1823 XBD=1866 XBD=2071 XBD=2246 XBD=2409 XHG=1279 XHG=1415 XHG=1528 XHG=1594 XHG=1638 XHG=1688 XHG=1834 XHG=1878 XHG=2083 XHG=2259 YBD=3278 YBD=3268 YBD=3269 YBD=3277 YBD=3276 YHG=3241>dialysis YHG=3240>refuse YHG=3240>has YHG=3246>to YHG=3241>be YHG=3240>handled YHG=3249>as YHG=3240>&dquo;poisonous YHG=3240>garbage&dquo;, YHG=3240>resulting XBD=1312XHG=678 XBD=1484 XBD=1578 XBD=1642 XBD=1899 XBD=1975 XBD=2133 XBD=2263 XBD=2409 XHG=1279 XHG=1326 XHG=1498 XHG=1594 XHG=1656 XHG=1913 XHG=1989 XHG=2150 XHG=2277 YBD=3312 YBD=3321 YBD=3313 YBD=3320 YHG=3284>in YHG=3284>increased YHG=3290>costs YHG=3282>for YHG=3284>transportation YHG=3284>and YHG=3283>disposal. YHG=3284>Plastic YHG=3284>packing " XBD=1177 XBD=292 XBD=420 XBD=562 XBD=643 XBD=797 XHG=67 XHG=325 XHG=454 XHG=596 XHG=1085 YBD=3316 YBD=3323 YBD=3317 YBD=3324 YBD=3317 YHG=3287>recommended YHG=3294>target YHG=3296>ranges YHG=3287>for YHG=3281>drugs. YHG=3288>while 3 Accordingly, " XBD=2406 XBD=1424 XBD=1600 XBD=1718 XBD=1854 XBD=2025 XBD=2101 XBD=2147 XBD=2201 XBD=2297 XBD=2364 XHG=1277 XHG=1438 XHG=1614 XHG=1733 XHG=1869 XHG=2040 XHG=2114 XHG=2159 XHG=2213 XHG=2310 XHG=2376 YBD=3366 YBD=3367 YBD=3360 YBD=3359 YHG=3331>material, YHG=3331>wrapping YHG=3339>paper, YHG=3330>tubing, YHG=3330>dialysers, YHG=3331>and YHG=3339>so YHG=3339>on YHG=3330>work YHG=3337>out YHG=3337>at XBD=241 XHG=742 XBD=414 XBD=578 XBD=659 XBD=724 XBD=880 XBD=1076 XBD=1143 XBD=1177 XHG=67 XHG=260 XHG=434 XHG=598 XHG=678 XHG=899 XHG=1095 XHG=1161 YBD=3367 YBD=3360 YBD=3361 YBD=3368 YBD=3361 YHG=3331>supporting YHG=3331>Professor YHG=3331>Ratcliffe YHG=3331>and YHG=3331>Dr YHG=3331>Worth’s YHG=3338>arguments YHG=3331>for YHG=3341>a XBD=202 XHG=867 XBD=420 XBD=480 XBD=650 XBD=739 XBD=855 XBD=913 XBD=1030 XBD=1150 XBD=1177 XHG=67 XHG=213 XHG=432 XHG=491 XHG=661 XHG=751 XHG=925 XHG=1041 XHG=1161 YBD=3403 YBD=3411 YBD=3410 YBD=3404 YBD=3404 YBD=3405 YHG=3374>standard YHG=3382>arrangement YHG=3375>for YHG=3375>reporting YHG=3375>drug YHG=3375>levels, YHG=3385>we YHG=3376>would YHG=3375>favour YHG=3385>a " XBD=2407 XBD=1342 XBD=1393 XBD=1459 XBD=1588 XBD=1655 XBD=1733 XBD=1912 XBD=2026 XBD=2164 XBD=2225 XHG=1277 XHG=1354 XHG=1405 XHG=1471 XHG=1600 XHG=1666 XHG=1748 XHG=1925 XHG=2038 XHG=2176 XHG=2237 YBD=3404 YBD=3412 YBD=3411 YBD=3408 YBD=3410 YBD=3403 YHG=3376>6-9 YHG=3375>kg YHG=3384>per YHG=3374>patient YHG=3383>per YHG=3374>day. YHG=3374>However, YHG=3373>refuse YHG=3374>charges YHG=3383>are YHG=3374>calculated " XBD=2406 XBD=1317 XBD=1468 XBD=1549 XBD=1611 XBD=1768 XBD=1851 XBD=1911 XBD=1960 XBD=2051 XBD=2108 XBD=2175 XBD=2341 XHG=1276 XHG=1333 XHG=1487 XHG=1565 XHG=1629 XHG=1785 XHG=1867 XHG=1927 XHG=1977 XHG=2070 XHG=2118 XHG=2192 XHG=2359 YBD=3456 YBD=3453 YBD=3455 YBD=3446 YBD=3454 YBD=3447 YHG=3419>by YHG=3419>volume, YHG=3418>and YHG=3427>we YHG=3417>estimate YHG=3418>that YHG=3427>up YHG=3425>to YHG=3419>90% YHG=3418>of YHG=3426>our YHG=3427>expenses YHG=3417>for XBD=162 XHG=926 XBD=261 XBD=312 XBD=401 XBD=505 XBD=588 XBD=783 XBD=834 XBD=916 XBD=941 XBD=1097 XBD=1178 XHG=66 XHG=172 XHG=272 XHG=323 XHG=412 XHG=519 XHG=600 XHG=795 XHG=839 XHG=952 XHG=1108 YBD=3455 YBD=3447 YBD=3455 YBD=3448 YBD=3457 YHG=3418>policy YHG=3418>based YHG=3427>on YHG=3428>mass YHG=3419>units. YHG=3419>The YHG=3419>advantages YHG=3419>of YHG=3419>such YHG=3428>a YHG=3420>proposal YHG=3429>may " XBD=2403 XBD=1378 XBD=1501 XBD=1561 XBD=1657 XBD=1815 XBD=1907 XBD=1958 XBD=2019 XBD=2163 XBD=2211 XBD=2340 XHG=1276 XHG=1388 XHG=1509 XHG=1570 XHG=1670 XHG=1825 XHG=1917 XHG=1967 XHG=2028 XHG=2173 XHG=2214 XHG=2351 YBD=3492 YBD=3498 YBD=3499 YBD=3491 YBD=3490 YHG=3462>refuse YHG=3462>during YHG=3461>the YHG=3470>years YHG=3462>1976-82 YHG=3468>went YHG=3471>on YHG=3462>the YHG=3462>disposal YHG=3461>of YHG=3461>&dquo;toxic&dquo; YHG=3462>air. XBD=99 XHG=66 XBD=201 XBD=368 XBD=415 XBD=510 XBD=712 XBD=813 XBD=897 XBD=993 XBD=1178 XHG=108 XHG=210 XHG=375 XHG=423 XHG=520 XHG=719 XHG=822 XHG=905 XHG=1001 YBD=3490 YBD=3490 YBD=3498 YBD=3491 YBD=3499 YBD=3492 YBD=3500 YHG=3462>be YHG=3463>better YHG=3462>perceived YHG=3462>by YHG=3463>prescribing YHG=3463>drugs YHG=3463>than YHG=3463>those YHG=3464>measuring
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