UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL.

432 Distinctions may be awarded in the subjects (severally) tions in Medicine, Surgery, and Midwifery, respecof the First, Second, Third, and Final, and Honours in tively, in fourth and fifth years, open to all students. the Final Examination. Clinical Instruction.-The medical students of the Degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery. University receive their clinicalofinstruction by attendthe General Hospital At the end of one year from the date of having ing the amalgamated practice under and the the direction of the the candiQueen’s Hospital final Ch.B. examination M.B., passed the date will be eligible to present himself for the higher University Clinical Board. Appointments are open degrees of either Doctor of Medicine or Master of to students varying from £40 to £200 a year. 370 beds. BIRMINGHAM GENERAL HOSPITAL. Surgery or both. Candidates have to present a thesis on some subject embraced in the medical Special wards for Children, Gynaecological, Ear and curriculum, and pass a general examination in Prin- Throat, Venereal, Maternity, and Septic cases; ciples and Practice of Medicine for the M.D., and one special beds for Eye and Skin cases. Laboratories in Principles and Practice of Surgery, including opera- for Bacteriology and Morbid Histology. Separate tions on the cadaver, for the Ch.M., or, at the discretion rooms adjoin the medical and surgical wards for of the examiners, in a special branch of Medicine or clinical pathology. Five operating theatres (one for Surgery respectively. A thesis of exceptional merit out-patients), all designed and fitted on modern may exempt from any part of these examinations, lines. In addition to clinical teaching given in the in which Honours may be awarded. wards and out-patient department by the honorary Degree of Ph.D.-The Degree of Doctor of Philo- staff, medical and surgical tutorial classes are held sophy is conferred upon candidates who possess a for senior and junior students. Clinical instruction medical degree of a British, Colonial, or other univer- in all the special departments, which include those sity approved of by the Senate of the University, and for Radium, Electrotherapy, Electrocardiographic who have been engaged, to the satisfaction of the investigation, and Venereal Diseases. Post-graduate Medical Faculty, in advanced study and research for classes in every branch of medicine and surgery. a period of not less than two years, either in a laboraThe Jaffray Branch Hospital contains 56 beds. tory of the University or in one or more of the hospitals QUEEN’S HOSPITAL.-224 beds.-Similar arrangeassociated with the University. After the first year ments for clinical teaching are made here, and the candidates may carry on research elsewhere, under material also is excellent. Ward and tutorial classes approved conditions, and on completing the course and post-graduate courses are regularly conducted present a thesis and submit themselves for oral and by the staff, there are daily clinics in the out-patient possibly written examination. while teaching duties are definitely Scholarships and Prizes.-The following are department, to the house physicians and house surgeons. awarded :-(a) Myers Travelling Studentship of assigned There are also special departments for gynaecology and £300, tenable for one year, offered in alternate ophthalmology, dentistry, radiography, pathology, awarded committee to M.B., years, by vote of biochemistry, massage, electricity, whirlCh.B. candidates, tenable at some University or bacteriology,and electrocardiograph. Hospital not in Great Britain or Ireland (available pool baths, BIRMINGHAM AND MIDLAND EYE HOSPITAL, Churchfor year 1927-28) ; (b) two Ingleby Scholarships of £10 each awarded to the candidate at Final Examination street, Birmingham.-115 beds. Students attending for obtaining highest " first-class " marks in the subjects a period of three months will be granted certificates of Midwifery and Diseases of Women ; (c) Sydenham which will qualify for the University and Conjoint are Scholarship of £42, tenable for three years, award Board examinations. Post-graduate courses of Council to orphan sons of medical practitioners ; available on various subjects, when a sufficient (d) Sands Cox Scholarship of £21 per annum during number of graduates are present. A limited number two years, awarded to the candidate, not being more of Non-Resident Clinical Assistants posts are available than 19 years of age, taking the highest marks at to qualified practitioners, particulars of which can be the Higher School Certificate Examination of the had on application to the General Superintendent. Post-Graduate Instruction.—A " William Withering Joint Matriculation Board ; (e) Dental Scholarship of £37 10s., Open Competitive Examination in subjects Lectureship " has been established. A course (or learned during apprenticeship ; (f), (g), (h), and (i) courses) of lectures is given annually for post-graduates Four Queen’s Scholarships of 210 10s. each. In the on subjects chosen from year to year. In 1928 a Second and Fourth Examinations the Scholarship is course on Industrial Disease will be given by Sir The Ingleby Lectures on some awarded respectively to the student taking the first Thomas Legge. place and obtaining not less than 75 per cent. marks. subject in connexion with Diseases of Women and In the Third Examination the Scholarship is awarded Children are given annually by specially appointed to the student obtaining the highest, but not less lecturers. Post-graduate Courses of Clinical Demonthan 75 per cent., marks in Pathology and Bacterio- strations for General Practitioners are arranged logy, provided that such student passes at the same annually (April to July) at the Birmingham General, examination in the subjects of Materia Medica and Queen’s, and Children’s Hospitals. In the Final Examination Practical Pharmacy. the Scholarship is awarded to the candidate taking UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL. the first place in the examination-that is, obtaining the greatest aggregate number of marks-provided The degrees in the Faculty of Medicine are Bachelor that in each of the subjects of Medicine, Surgery, of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (M.B. and Ch.B.), and Midwifery he gains not less than 60 per cent. Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), Doctor in Philosophy of the total available marks; (j) George Henry (Ph.D.), Master of Surgery (Ch.M.), Master of Marshall Scholarship of £10, awarded annually, for Hygiene (M.H.), and Master of Orthopaedic Surgery the encouragement of Research Work in Ophthalmo- (M.Ch.Orth.). logy ; and (k) Russell Memorial Prize, a prize of Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of books, value about £2, awarded annually to the Surgery.-Candidates for the degrees of Bachelor of student who, not being of more than six years’ Medicine and of Surgery must have attained standing as a student of the School of Medicine of the age of 22 years on the day of graduation. At the University, shall pass the best examination in least two of the five years of medical study must the subject of Nervous Diseases. The " Arthur have been passed in the University, and one year Foxwell Memorial Medal " (Gold Medal for Medicine) at least must have been passed in the University and the " Sampson Gamgee Memorial Medal " (Gold subsequently to the date of passing the First Medal for Surgery) are awarded annually to the best Examination. The other three years may be passed candidates passing Final M.B., Ch.B. Examination in at any college or medical school recognised for June in Medicine and Surgery respectively, provided this purpose by the University. Candidates must that not less than 60 per cent. of marks is obtained pass three examinations entitled respectively : (paper, oral, and clinical). The University Clinicall the First Examination, the Second Examination, The subjects of Board awards Gold and Silver Medals on examina- and the Final Examination. -

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433 are : (1) Chemistry; (2) Physics ; (3) Biology (Zoology and Botany). The subjects of the Second Examination are (a) (1) Anatomy; (2) Physiology (including Physiological Chemistry and Histology) ; and (b) (3) Elementary Bacteriology, (4) Clinical Chemistry, (5) General Pathology. Candidates may present themselves in (a) or (b) separately. The subjects for the Final Examination are: (a) (1) Special Pathology and Morbid Anatomy ; (2) Forensic Medicine and Toxicology ; (3) Public Health ; (4) Pharmacology and General Therapeutics ; (b) (5) Obstetrics and Diseases of Women ; (6) Surgery, Systematic, Clinical, Operative and Practical, including Ophthalmology; (7) Medicine, Systematic and Clinical, including Therapeutics, Mental Diseases, and Diseases of Children. Candidates may present themselves in Parts (a) and (b) separately, but candidates must have completed the fifth year of medical study before taking

the First Examination

Part (b).

buildings which form one side of the College quadrangle. There are the Johnston Laboratories for Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry; the Medical School for Anatomy, Surgery, Toxicology, and the Thompson-Yates and Ophthalmology ; Laboratories for Physiology and Pathology. A new building for Tropical Medicine has been opened. Medical research has also been endowed with several laboratories in which students can pursue research work after graduation. Clinical Studies.-The Clinical School of the University consists of four general hospitals-the ROYAL INFIRMARY, the DAVID LEWIS NORTHERN HOSPITAL, the ROYAL SOUTHERN HOSPITAL, and the STANLEY HOSPITAL ; and of six special hospitals the Eye and Ear Infirmary, the Hospital for Women (with the Samaritan Hospital), Liverpool Maternity Hospital, the Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital, St. Paul’s Eye Hospital, and St. George’s Hospital for Skin Diseases. These hospitals contain in all a total of about 1445 beds. The organisation of these hospitals to form one teaching institution provides the medical student and the medical practitioner with a field for clinical education and study which is unrivalled in extent in the United Kingdom.. All the hospitals are within easy access of the University. There are a large number of appointments to house physicianships and surgeonships both at the general and special hospitals which are open to qualified students of the school. Public Health Department.-This is located in a separate building, in which full courses of instruction are given to students for the Diplomas and Degrees of the University and of other Examining Boards. Prospectuses and further information may be had on application to the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Liverpool. new

Degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery. No candidate will be admitted to the degree of Doctor of Medicine or Master of Surgery unless he has previously received the Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, and at least two years have elapsed since he passed the examinations for those degrees, or, in the case of the degree of Doctor, unless, having obtained substantially equivalent degrees in an approved University, he has subsequently spent two years in the University or in the Clinical School in the performance of research or the conduct of systematic clinical observations. Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine are required to present a thesis together with, if desired, published original work relative to medical science, and unless the thesis is of special merit to submit to an examination in medicine, or to a special written or oral examination on subjects connected with the thesis. The University also awards a Diploma in Medical VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER. Radiology and Electrology-Part 1., Physics: Part II., Four degrees in Medicine and Surgery are conferred Radiology and Electrology. The parts may be taken at one examination or separately. by the University-viz., Bachelor of Medicine and Scholarships, Fellowships, and Prizes.-The follow- Bachelor of Surgery (M.B. and Ch.B.), Doctor of ing are awarded : (a) Robert Gee Entrance Scholar- Medicine (M.D.), and Master of Surgery (Ch.M.). A ship (Men), annually, of 240, tenable for four Diploma in Psychological Medicine, a Diploma in years ; (b) Lyon Jones Scholarship, No. 1, of Public Health, and a Diploma in Bacteriology are 221 per annum, tenable for two years, Com- awarded by examination to registered medical petitive Examination among Junior Students in practitioners. First M.B. Subjects; Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of (c) Lyon Jones Scholarship, No. 2, of .821, Competitive Examination on Surgery.-Before admission to the degree of M.B. or results of Professional Examination in Anatomy, Ch.B. candidates are required to present certificates Physiology, Elementary Bacteriology, Clinical Chem- that they will have attained the age of 21 years on istry, and General Pathology ; (d) Derby Exhibition the day of graduation, and that they have pursued of jB15, Competitive Examination among Fourth- the courses of study required by the University or Fifth-year Students in Clinical Subjects, and (e) Regulations during a period of not less than five and a Clinical School Exhibition of ;815 annually for Fourth- half years subsequently to the date of their registraor Fifth-year students; (f) University Scholarship tion by the General Medical Council, two of such years of 250 for one year, awarded on results of the Final having been passed in the University subsequently (Part A) Examination for the degrees ; (g) Holt Fellow- to the date of passing the first M.B. Examination. The First Examination: (1) Chemistry and Physics ; ships, Physiology and Pathology, of 2150 each, for one year; (h) Gee Fellowship, Anatomy, of 2100, for (2) Biology. Candidates must have attended during at least one year courses both of lectures and of one year ; (i) John Rankin Fellowships in Anatomy, two, each of the value of 2120, tenable for two years ; laboratory work in each of the above-named subjects. (j) Johnston Colonial Fellowship, Biochemistry, The Examination is divided into two parts : Part 1, of 2100, for one year ; (k) John W. Garrett Inter- Inorganic and Elementary Organic Chemistry and national Fellowship, Bacteriology, of 2100, for one Physics; Part 2, Biology. The candidates sit for year; (1) Thelwall Thomas Fellowship, Surgical these parts separately. The Second Examination : Pathology, of .8150, for one year; (m) Ethel Boyce (1) Anatomy and Histology ; (2) Physiology, including Fellowship in Gynaecological Pathology, of 2100, for Physiological Chemistry. The Third Examination : one year; (n) Mary Birrell Davies Memorial Fund (1) Pharmacology and Materia Medica ; (2) Pathology. Scholarship, of the value of JB60, tenable for four years, The Final Examination : (1) Medicine, Systematic offered for competition in alternate years ; open only and Clinical (including Mental Diseases and Diseases to women students who will have attained the age of Children) ; (2) Surgery, Systematic, Clinical, and of 19 on the first day of October next following the Practical ; (3) Obstetrics and Gynaecology (including award ; (o) Rankin Exhibition in Practical Anatomy, Clinical and Practical) ; (4) Forensic Medicinej (inof 225, for one year; (p) Lady Jones Research cluding an Oral Examination) ; (5) Hygiene "4"’and Fellowship in Orthopaedic Surgery, 2200 (q) Samuels Preventive Medicine. The Final Examination is Memorial Scholarships, three at 220 numerous divided into two parts : Part I., Forensic Medicine, Hygiene and Preventive Medicine ; Part II., Medicine, prizes and medals. The Medical School.-All the laboratories and class Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Systematic, rooms are situated close together, communicating with Clinical, and Oral). Candidates for the Second Part must complete the sixth year of medical study. one another, and are made up of four large blocks of