UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.

346

SESSION 1877-78.

THE " FIRST COLLEGE."

FROM the very large proportion of students who fail to GENERAL COUNCIL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION pass the Primary Professional Examination at the College of AND REGISTRATION. Surgeons at the end of their second winter session, we feel that it is necessary to insist upon the importance of this Registration of Medical Students.-Thefollowing regulations been adopted by the General Medical Council in refer. step, especially as it is not uncommon to hear among students have to the registration of students in medicine:-1. Every that it is better to be "referred"at the " Primary " than at ence medical student shall be registered in the manner prethe " Final," while, in truth, of the two evils the latter is the scribed by the General Medical Council. 2. No medical stuless. If the study of Anatomy and Physiology is not com- dent shall be registered until he has passed a preliminary pleted at the end of the second winter, it encroaches upon examination, as required by the General Medical Council, the time-all too short-which should be devoted exclusively and has produced evidence that he has commenced medical to Surgery, Medicine, and Midwifery, and these subjects are study. 3. The commencement of the course of professional study recognised by any of the qualifying bodies shall not hurried through, just enough being "crammed" up to be reckoned as dating earlier than fifteen days before the enable men to pass the 11 Final" Examination at the end of of registration. 4. The registration of medical students date their fourth year. But to have an extra six months’ hospital shall be placed under the charge of the branch registrars. practice is never a disadvantage, and it not unfrequently 5. Each of the branch registrars shall keep a register of students according to theprescribed form. 6. Every happens that a man who is referred at the "Final" is medical desirous of being registered as a medical student person his better for than eventually companions shall apply to the branch prepared practice registrar of the division of the who just managed to pass. We need not say more to show United he in which is residing; and shall produce Kingdom any one who really considers the matter carefully how ex- or forward to the branch registrar a certificate cf his having tremely important it is for students to get over this " Primary passed a preliminary examination as required by the General Examination" at the proper time. And yet, as we have Medical Council, and evidence that he has commenced me. dical 7. The branch registrar shall enter the applialready stated, a very large number, if not the majority, cant’sstudy. name and other particulars in the Students’ Register, fail. What is the reason?:’ Different answers have been and shall give him a certificate of such registration. 8. given to this question. We believe that the explanation is Each of the branch registrars shall supply to the several to be found in the long interval between the first and qualifying bodies, medical schools, and hospitals, in that second winter sessions, in which the study of anatomy and part, of the United Kingdom of which he is registrar, a sufficient number of blank forms of application for the physiology is quite neglected. By the end of the first winter registration of medical students. 9. The several Branch session most men have learnt their bones fairly well, have’ Councils shall have power to admit special exceptions todissected the limbs and one other part, and have acquired the foregoing regulations as to registration for reasons a general knowledge of the whole subject. According which shall appear to them satisfactory. 10. A copy of to the present arrangements, the subject is entirely laid the Register of Medical Students, prepared by each of the aside for six months. We believe it to be the experience branch registrars, shall be transmitted, on or before the in each year, to the registrar of the General of all teachers of anatomy, that their pupils return 31st December Council, who shall, as soon as possible thereafter, prepare to them at the beginning of their second winter without and print, under the direction of the Executive Committee, any exact knowledge, and with very little general know- an alphabetical list of all students registered in the preledge left, and it is then found to be very hard-impossible ceding year, and supply copies of such authorised list to for a great number-to get up the whole range of each of the bodies enumerated in Schedule A to the Medical and through the branch registrars to the several anatomy and physiology in the six months properly r-3- Acts, medical schools and hospitals. 11. The several qualifying maining for it. We do not advocate that the full work of bodies are recommended not to admit to the final examinathe winter should be carried on through the summer; dis- tion for a qualification under the Medical Acts any candisection is unnecessary except for students preparing for the date (not exempted from registration) whose name has not first M.B. Examination; but we think that there ought to been entered in the Medical Students’ Register at least be classes held during the summer, at which the bones are forty-five months previously. In thf case of candidates the Branch from other than schools of the United thoroughly taught, and demonstrations given on the other Councils shall have power to admitKingdom, to this exceptions pats from prepared dissections. There need be no diffi- recommendation. culty in revising the physiology. It may be said that the student’s time is already filled up with attendance REGULATIONS upon lectures on botany, materia medica, practical cheOF THE mistry, and at the out-patient room of the hospital. MEDICAL EXAMINING BOARDS IN THE But it is well known that only a very small proportion of UNITED KINGDOM. students are sufficiently interested in these subjects to devote much time to them, and that this is really the laziest period of the whole four years. In no other subject is there this UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. wide hiatus, for the hospital practice during the summer Every student must reside in one or other of the Colleges carries on the instruction given in surgery and medicine or Halls, or in licensed lodgings, for a period of three years, during the winter; and it is unreasonable that it should passing at least two examinations in Arts, and one in either exist in anatomy, which of all the subjects is the most diffi- Mathematics, Natural Science, Law, Modern History, or when, if he obtain a first, second, or third class, cult to remember. We feel confident that any school that Theology, he can take his B.A. degree; if he do not gain such honour, will adopt this suggestion will find the result to be a much he has to a third examination in Literis Humanioribus. smaller number of men unable to pass the " Primary" at A student deciding to graduate in Medicine must pass the end of the second winter; and, where the suggestion is the requisite examinations for the degree of B.A. He must not carried out, we urge students in their own interest to be afterwards spend two years in studsl prior to the first or scientific examination for the degree of Bachelor of Medicareful to keep up their anatomy and physiology between cine, and two years more, after passing the first, prior to their first and second winters, when they will have little need 1 If he have taken the higher honours in the Natural Science School he to fear the result of that much-dreaded ordeal, the " First may go in for the first M.B. examination on the first opportunity, and so have a longer period of practical study before the second M.B. examination.

pass

College.’

347 practical examination for the same degree. or £90 a year) than those who enter a College. They are brought to show that he has studied the allowed to attend certain of the College lectures and all the his profession in a first-class hospital. professors’ lectures, and have the same University status practical parts of has and privileges as the other students. They are under the A dissertation to be publicly read, three yars after the before for the M.D. M.B , being eligible superintendence of the Rev. R. B. Somerset, Orford House, obtaining the final Evidence

or

must be

The study of Natural Science is carried on at the Museum, Cambridge, from whom further information may be obwhere there is practical instruction in Physics, Chemistry, tained. For the degree of Bachelor in Medicine five years of mediGeneral Composition, and Human Anatomy, and other departments of Natural Science, together with courses of cal study are required, except in the case of medicalatudents lectures and of practical instruction and work, by the several who have graduated with honours as Bachelors of Arts, four professors. Collections illustrate the various subjects. There years being then sufficient. This time may be spent in Camis a pathological series, including the collection of Schroeder bridge or elsewhere. The earlier portion of it is usually Van der Kolk, in the medical department, and a sanitary spentin Cambridge, the student remaining in the University laboratory, conducted by the public analyst. The Radcliffee till he has passed the examination for the Natural Sciences Library, containing above 20,000 scientific volumes, is open Tripos and the first and second examinations for M.B. There are three examinations for M.B. The first in Cheto all students daily from 10 till 4, and on certain evenings during term. There are also lectures and practical in- mistry and other branches of Physics, and Botany. The struction in Botany at the Botanical Gardens, and clinical second in Anatomy and Physiology (Human and Comparainstruction at the Infirmary. tive), and Pharmacology. The third (at the conclusion of The medical examinations take place annually in the medical stndy) in Pathology and the Practice of Physic, Clinical Medicine, and Medical Jurisprudence. The examiMichaelmas term. Scholarships of aboat the value of ae75 are obtainable at tions are partly in writing and partly oral, in the hospital, Christ Church, Magdalen, and other colleges, by competitive in the dissecting room, and in the laboratories. They take examination in Natural Science. Every year a Radcliffe place twice annually (in June and December). An Act has to be kept, which consists in reading an Travelling Fellowship is competed for by any who, having taken a first class in any of the schools, or having obtained original thesis and passing a vivd voce examination on the a University prize or scholarship, propose to study Medicine. subject of the thesis and on other subjects. The Travelling Fellows receive .6200 a year for three years, Previously to the first examination, lectures must have been attended on Chemistry (with manipulations) and half this period being spent in study abroad. More detailed information may be obtained from the Botany. Previously to the second examination, the student University Calendar; from the Regius Professor of Medi- must have attended lectures on Human Anatomy and Phycine ; from the Professors in the several departments ; from siology, Comparative Anatomy, Materia Medica and PharE. Chapman, Esq., M.1., Frewin Hall; and from the Sub- macy, and Pathology; have Dissected one season; and attended Hospital Practice one year. Previously to the Librarian in the Radcliffe Library at the Museum.2 third examination, lectures must have been attended on Pathological Anatomy, the Principles and Practice of Physic, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. Clinical Medicine, Clinical Surgery, Midwifery, and Medical The student must enter at one of the Colleges, or as a Jurisprudence; also Hospital Practice for three years. The Bon-coDegiate student, and keep terms for three years by re-n. candidate must also have been a clinical clerk, or have had dence in the University. He must pass the Previous Ex. special charge of patients in a hospital, dispensary, or paroamination in Classics and Mathematics, which may be done chial union, for six months. The degree of Doctor in Medicine may be taken three years in the first or second term of residence, or, through the Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board, before after M.B. An Act has to be kept, w th vivû. voce examinacommencing residence. He may then devote himself to tion ; and an extempore essay has to be written on some medical study in the University, attending the hospital and subject relating to Physiology, Pathology, the Practice of Or he may proceed to Medicine, or State Medicine. A Master of Arts proceeding the medical lectures, dissecting, &e. take a degree in Arts, either continuing mathematical and to M.D. is required to produce the same certificates and pass classical study, and passing the ordinary examinations for the same examinations as for M.B. For the degree of Master in Surgery, the candidate must B.A., or going out in one of the Honour Triposes. The Natural Science Tripos is preferred by most medical stu- have passed the three examinations for M.B., and have dents, some of the subjects for this Tripos examination attended lectures on Human Anatomy (a second course), on (Chemistry, Botany, Human and Comparative Anatomy, the Principles nnd Practice of Surgery, Clinical Surgery, and Physiology) forming part of the series of medical Midwifery (with ten cases) ; he must have dissected a second season, have attended the Surgical Practice at a recognised study. at a College hospital for three years, and have held a house-surgeoncy The expenses of residence, lectures, &c., are about .E150 per annum; but these are in many cases or dressersbip for six months. He is then required to pass lessened by scholarships, ranging in value from ..E20 to £80 an examination in Surgical Anatomy, Pathology and the ayear, which are very numerous, and obtainable by most Principles and Practice of Surgery, and Clinical Surgery. An examination in so much of State Medicine as is comstudents of industry and ability. They are chiefly given for mathematical and classical proficiency. Some may be prised in the functions of officers of health will be held in obtained at once, even before entering; and notices of the Cambridge in October 1877, beginning on Oct. 3rfl. Any times of examination for these are given from time to time, person whose name is on the Medical Register of the United under the head of " University Intelligence," in The Kingdom may present himself for this examination provided he is twenty-four years of age. The examination will be in Times and other newspapers. Scholarships are given f>r Natural Science in Trinity, St. John’s. St. Peter’s, Clare, two parts. All applications for admission to this examinaChrist’s, Sydney, Pembroke, Caius, and Downing Colleges ; tion, or for information respecting it, should be addressed the examinations being at Easter, and in June and Octobpr.3 to Professor Liveing, Cambridge. The following is a summary of the course which a student Non collegiate students can reside at less expense ( £80 at the University, say, in October 1877,) may (commencing Regius Professor of Medicine-H. W. Acland, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. follow :-He enters at any one of the collfgfs, or as a nonProfessor of Geometry-H. S. Smith, M.A., F.R.S. collegiate student, and passes the Previous Examination (in Professor of Natural Philosophy—Rev. B. Price, M.A., F.R.S. Classics and Mathematics) in October, 1877, or in April, Professor of Experimental Physics-S. Clifton, M.A., F.R.S. Lina/re Professor of Physiology—G. Rolleston, M.D., F.ltS. 1878, unless he has already passed the equivalent examinaProfessor of Chemistry-W. Odling, M.A., F.R.S. tion under the Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Professor of Zoology—J. 0. Westwood, M.A., F.L.S. Board. He is then registered as a student of medicine. Professor of Botany—M. Lawson, M.A. Professor of Mineralogy—N. S. Maskelyne, M.A., F.R.S. Medical study in the University for two years. Natural Lee’s Header in Anatomy-J. B. Thompson, B.A. Sciences Tripos examination (in Human and Comparative Demonstrator in Anatomy-Charles Robertson Esq. Demonstrator in Chemistry-J. Fisher, M.A. Anatomy, Chemistry,and Botany), Juneand December, 1880; Public Analyst in Sanitary Laboratory—W. F. Donkin, M.A. this admits to B.A. degree in June, 1880. Second examina3For an account of the Scholarships see THE LANCET of the 12th of April, tion for M B. (in Human Anatomy and Physiology, and 1862; and for an account of the Scholarships for Natural Science, see Nature in the early part of tach year. Further information may be obtained by Materia Medica), Decemher, 1880, or May, 1881. Third examination for M.B. (in Pathology and Practice of Physic, application to the tutor of either of the Colleges.