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UP-02.227 A Possibility of Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention by Diet
UNMODERATED POSTER SESSIONS
were not statistic significant for RRP verse RARP. The positive surgical margin was lower among patients underwent RRP (47%) compared to patients who underwent RARP (74%) (p⫽ 0.004). The biochemical failure rate within 6 months after surgery was higher in patients who received RARP (40%) compared to patients who received RRP (23%).(p⫽0.02). Conclusions: High risk localized prostate cancer is still challenge to surgical technique of radical prostatectomy. A higher positive surgical margin and higher early biochemical failure rate was observed for RARP compared to RRP group. Further investigation and prospective studies are warranted to determine whether any particular technique is superior with regard to clinical outcomes in high risk patients.
UP-02.227 A Possibility of Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention by Diet Akaza H, Grant in Aid Japan Ministry of ESSC A04 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan Introduction and Objective: Prostate cancer risk is deeply related with lifestyle, especially with diet. Our previous case-control study suggested that equol producer, who has specific bacteria that can metabolite daidzein, one of soy isoflavones into equol has a lower risk of prostate cancer. To examine the prostate cancer risk based on isoflavone intake and equol production, we conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral isoflavone 60mg for 12 months. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria were Japanese men between 50 and 75 years of age, a serum PSA level of 2.5–10.0 ng/mL, and a single, negative prostate biopsy within 12 months prior to enrollment. Results: The study included 158 men. Their median age was 66.0 years (range: 50-75 years), and the numbers of equol producers and non-producers were 76 (48%) and 82 (52%), respectively. The most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity, and the scheduled intake of tablets was completed by 153 patients (96.8%). The PSA value showed no significant difference between before and after treatment. Of the 89 patients evaluated by central pathological review, the incidence of biopsy-detectable prostate cancer in the placebo and isoflavone groups showed no significant difference (34.0% vs. 21.4%,
S340
p⫽0.140). However, for the 53 patients aged 65 years or more, the incidence of cancer in the isoflavone group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group (28.0% vs. 57.1%, p⫽0.031). The numbers of positive cores and patients with high-grade PIN did not different between the placebo and isoflavone groups. The number of patients with a Gleason score of 6 or less was numerically higher in the control group compared with the isoflavone group (23.4% vs. 11.9%), but not significantly. Conclusion: 5␣-reductase inhibitor is only one agent for prostate cancer chemoprevention proven by large-scale randomized clinical studies. However, such agent has some limitation when used clinically. Our results support the value of isoflavone for prostate cancer risk reduction. A large-scale randomized study of isoflavone tablets in men with different hereditary factors and living environments is warranted. (Cancer A04, Ministry of Education,Science, Sports and Culture, Japan).
UP-02.228 High Fat Intake Increases Prostatic Specific Antigen in Normal Japanese Population Endo F1, Ohwaki K2, Yano E2, Hattori K1, Muraishi O1 1 Dept. of Urology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, 2Dept. of Public Health, University of Teikyo, Tokyo, Japan Introduction and Objective: The influence of dietary customs on prostatic specific antigen (PSA) has not been determined in the normal Japanese population. The relationship between the proportion of the three major nutritional macromolecules and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was investigated. Material and Methods: We investigated 9,052 Japanese men aged 50 and over who visited St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, for routine health check-ups in 2007. The amount of total intake energy, i.e. the energy ratio of three major nutrients: protein, fat and carbohydrate, were calculated based on our original questionnaire for daily dietary habits. The subjects were divided into tertiles based on PSA concentration. Each nutritional parameter was compared between the highest PSA tertile (PSA⬎⫽1.2 ng/ml), and the other tertiles (PSA⬍1.2 ng/ml). We also performed a multiple linear regression analysis to examine any association between PSA and each nutritional parameter. Results: The high PSA group consisted of
2,825 men. The protein energy ratio was significantly higher in the high PSA group, than that observed for the lower PSA group (median 15.5% vs. 15.4%, p⫽ 0.011). The fat energy ratio in the high PSA group was also higher compared to the low PSA group (25.4% vs. 25.0%, p ⬍ 0.001). Adjusting for age and body mass index, the increases in PSA were concordant with only the fat energy ratio (odds ratio 1.008 per 1-unit PSA change; 95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.015; p⬍0.05). Conclusions: The change of fat energy ratio was positively associated with PSA change in this study. Lipid intake control may decrease the PSA value, and further research is recommended.
UP-02.229 Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fish Oil (Omega-3 Fatty Acids) on Normal Human Prostate Epithelium Fradet V, Neveu B, Morel X, Julien P, Bergeron A, Larue H, Fradet Y Laval University Cancer Research Center, CRCHUQ, Quebec City, Canada Introduction and Objective: Mounting evidence suggests that inflammation is a key causal factor for prostate carcinogenesis, and that micronutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids and gingerol, exhibit antiinflammatory effects. We thus sought to define in vitro the anti-inflammatory effect of these micronutrients in various primary cultures of human normal prostate epithelial cells. Material and Methods: Primary cultures of prostatic epithelial cells were derived from needle biopsies taken into normal areas of 25 prostate specimens obtained at radical prostatectomy, cystoprostatectomy or organ donation. Induction and measurement of inflammation: Cells were pre-treated during 27 hours with the micronutrient, at concentrations previously reported, or its diluting medium control alone. Then, inflammation was induced by Poly (I:C) 10 g/mL for 20 hours. Production of IL-8 was measured in the cell medium by ELISA, and was normalized to the number of cells, measured by total cellular DNA using the DRAQ5 dye. Inhibition of the inflammatory response to Poly (I:C) was measured relative to the diluting medium control alone. Results: Pre-treating cells with fish oil significantly (t-test p⫽0.0008) increased the cell’s relative concentration of total omega-3 from 1.73% (SD 0.03%) to 5.36% (SD 0.20%). Induction of inflammation by Poly (I:C) was highly variable (induction factor mean 19.4, SD 15.7; range 2.1 to
UROLOGY 78 (Supplement 3A), September 2011
were not statistic significant for RRP verse RARP. The positive surgical margin was lower among patients underwent RRP (47%) compared to patients who underwent RARP (74%) (p⫽ 0.004). The biochemical failure rate within 6 months after surgery was higher in patients who received RARP (40%) compared to patients who received RRP (23%).(p⫽0.02). Conclusions: High risk localized prostate cancer is still challenge to surgical technique of radical prostatectomy. A higher positive surgical margin and higher early biochemical failure rate was observed for RARP compared to RRP group. Further investigation and prospective studies are warranted to determine whether any particular technique is superior with regard to clinical outcomes in high risk patients.
UP-02.227 A Possibility of Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention by Diet Akaza H, Grant in Aid Japan Ministry of ESSC A04 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan Introduction and Objective: Prostate cancer risk is deeply related with lifestyle, especially with diet. Our previous case-control study suggested that equol producer, who has specific bacteria that can metabolite daidzein, one of soy isoflavones into equol has a lower risk of prostate cancer. To examine the prostate cancer risk based on isoflavone intake and equol production, we conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral isoflavone 60mg for 12 months. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria were Japanese men between 50 and 75 years of age, a serum PSA level of 2.5–10.0 ng/mL, and a single, negative prostate biopsy within 12 months prior to enrollment. Results: The study included 158 men. Their median age was 66.0 years (range: 50-75 years), and the numbers of equol producers and non-producers were 76 (48%) and 82 (52%), respectively. The most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity, and the scheduled intake of tablets was completed by 153 patients (96.8%). The PSA value showed no significant difference between before and after treatment. Of the 89 patients evaluated by central pathological review, the incidence of biopsy-detectable prostate cancer in the placebo and isoflavone groups showed no significant difference (34.0% vs. 21.4%,
S340
p⫽0.140). However, for the 53 patients aged 65 years or more, the incidence of cancer in the isoflavone group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group (28.0% vs. 57.1%, p⫽0.031). The numbers of positive cores and patients with high-grade PIN did not different between the placebo and isoflavone groups. The number of patients with a Gleason score of 6 or less was numerically higher in the control group compared with the isoflavone group (23.4% vs. 11.9%), but not significantly. Conclusion: 5␣-reductase inhibitor is only one agent for prostate cancer chemoprevention proven by large-scale randomized clinical studies. However, such agent has some limitation when used clinically. Our results support the value of isoflavone for prostate cancer risk reduction. A large-scale randomized study of isoflavone tablets in men with different hereditary factors and living environments is warranted. (Cancer A04, Ministry of Education,Science, Sports and Culture, Japan).
UP-02.228 High Fat Intake Increases Prostatic Specific Antigen in Normal Japanese Population Endo F1, Ohwaki K2, Yano E2, Hattori K1, Muraishi O1 1 Dept. of Urology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, 2Dept. of Public Health, University of Teikyo, Tokyo, Japan Introduction and Objective: The influence of dietary customs on prostatic specific antigen (PSA) has not been determined in the normal Japanese population. The relationship between the proportion of the three major nutritional macromolecules and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was investigated. Material and Methods: We investigated 9,052 Japanese men aged 50 and over who visited St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, for routine health check-ups in 2007. The amount of total intake energy, i.e. the energy ratio of three major nutrients: protein, fat and carbohydrate, were calculated based on our original questionnaire for daily dietary habits. The subjects were divided into tertiles based on PSA concentration. Each nutritional parameter was compared between the highest PSA tertile (PSA⬎⫽1.2 ng/ml), and the other tertiles (PSA⬍1.2 ng/ml). We also performed a multiple linear regression analysis to examine any association between PSA and each nutritional parameter. Results: The high PSA group consisted of
2,825 men. The protein energy ratio was significantly higher in the high PSA group, than that observed for the lower PSA group (median 15.5% vs. 15.4%, p⫽ 0.011). The fat energy ratio in the high PSA group was also higher compared to the low PSA group (25.4% vs. 25.0%, p ⬍ 0.001). Adjusting for age and body mass index, the increases in PSA were concordant with only the fat energy ratio (odds ratio 1.008 per 1-unit PSA change; 95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.015; p⬍0.05). Conclusions: The change of fat energy ratio was positively associated with PSA change in this study. Lipid intake control may decrease the PSA value, and further research is recommended.
UP-02.229 Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fish Oil (Omega-3 Fatty Acids) on Normal Human Prostate Epithelium Fradet V, Neveu B, Morel X, Julien P, Bergeron A, Larue H, Fradet Y Laval University Cancer Research Center, CRCHUQ, Quebec City, Canada Introduction and Objective: Mounting evidence suggests that inflammation is a key causal factor for prostate carcinogenesis, and that micronutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids and gingerol, exhibit antiinflammatory effects. We thus sought to define in vitro the anti-inflammatory effect of these micronutrients in various primary cultures of human normal prostate epithelial cells. Material and Methods: Primary cultures of prostatic epithelial cells were derived from needle biopsies taken into normal areas of 25 prostate specimens obtained at radical prostatectomy, cystoprostatectomy or organ donation. Induction and measurement of inflammation: Cells were pre-treated during 27 hours with the micronutrient, at concentrations previously reported, or its diluting medium control alone. Then, inflammation was induced by Poly (I:C) 10 g/mL for 20 hours. Production of IL-8 was measured in the cell medium by ELISA, and was normalized to the number of cells, measured by total cellular DNA using the DRAQ5 dye. Inhibition of the inflammatory response to Poly (I:C) was measured relative to the diluting medium control alone. Results: Pre-treating cells with fish oil significantly (t-test p⫽0.0008) increased the cell’s relative concentration of total omega-3 from 1.73% (SD 0.03%) to 5.36% (SD 0.20%). Induction of inflammation by Poly (I:C) was highly variable (induction factor mean 19.4, SD 15.7; range 2.1 to
UROLOGY 78 (Supplement 3A), September 2011