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Upper temperature limit for the existence of living matter
Journal of Molecular Liquids 124 (2006) 136 www.elsevier.com/locate/molliq
Letter to the Editor Upper temperature limit for the existence of living matter Previously, it was shown [1] that, in the temperature interval T v b T b Tc where T v 6 320 K and Tc is the critical temperature, the behavior of the shear viscosity v(T) of water is quite similar to that of argon: ðWÞ
vðWÞ ðT Þ ¼ vR gðt Þ; ðArÞ
vðArÞ ðT Þ ¼ vR gðt Þ;
ð1Þ
where g(t) is polynomial of t = T / Tc, showing the radical difference from the exponential dependence typical for the activation theories [2]. It implies that at T v b T the determinative influence of the H-bond network on the shear viscosity vanishes and water transforms to an ordinary liquid. A similar conclusion can be made from the study of the incoherent neutron scattering data in water. In [3], it was shown that the s 0 / s 1, where s 0 is the residence time of a molecule and s 1 is the characteristics time separating two consecutive time interval of quasi-equilibrium oscillations near temporary equilibrium positions, is larger than unit only at T bTn ; Tn c315 K:
ð2Þ
The inequality s 0 / s 1 H1 corresponds to the crystal-like thermal motion in water. Hence, at T N T n, this picture is not valid for water. According to [4,5] at T H ~ T v, T n the average number of the H-bonds per molecule becomes smaller than two. It means that at T N T H the linear associates (dimers, trimers and so on) dominate in water. The result of calculations of the dielectric permittivity of water near its critical point, based on the assumption about dimers only, is in a very good agreement with its experimental value. In this case, one can naturally understand the argon-like character of the shear viscosity of water at T N T v and also explain the peculiarities of the incoherent neutron scattering. All mentioned temperatures are close to T b 6 319 K corresponding to the minimum of the isothermal compressibility [6]. Near T b, the anomalous temperature dependence of the isothermal compressibility observed at T b T b transforms to that of argon and other simple liquids. These facts allow us to conclude that a stable 3D H-bond network in water exists only below T H.
0167-7322/$ - see front matter D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2005.11.027
Here we should pay attention to the fact that the temperature of death for many living organisms estimated as T d a 42H43 8C belongs to the temperature interval T H a 315H320 K or T H a 42H47 8C, within which the 3D H-bond network destructs. This circumstance seems to be natural. The existence of H-bond network in bio-cells creates special conditions for energy, mass and ion transport inside cells. The destruction of H-bond network in bio-cells, being the cause of the death of many living organisms, can be provoked by both temperature effects and the influence of salts, alcohols and other admixtures. In other words, we expect that the injection of admixtures into blood can essentially shift the temperature of microorganisms’ death. In accordance with [7], one can suppose that the destruction of the H-bond network is the smeared phase transition of the first type. These questions will be the object of our further study. References [1] L.A. Bulavin, N.P. Malomuzh, K.S. Shakun, UJP 50 (2005) 653. [2] J. Frenkel, Kinetic Theory of Liquids, Dover Publ., NY, 1995, 592 pp. [3] L.A. Bulavin, N.P. Malomuzh, K.N. Pankratov, J. Struct. Chem. 46 (2005) 52 (Russian). [4] Yu.V. Lisichkin, A.G. Novikov, N.K. Fomichev, J. Phys. Chem. 63 (1989) 883 (Russian). [5] T.V. Lokotosh, N.P. Malomuzh, V.L. Zakharchenko, J. Struct. Chem. 44 (2003) 1101 (Russian). [6] F. Franks (Ed.), Water: A Comprehensive Treatise, Plenum, NY, 1972. [7] S.V. Lishchuk, T.V. Lokotosh, N.P. Malomuzh, JCP 123 (2005) 1.
Leonid A. Bulavin Department of Molecular Physics, Kiev National University, 2 Academician Glushkov Ave., Kiev, 03680, Ukraine E-mail address: [email protected]. Corresponding author. Nikolay P. Malomuzh Department of Theoretical Physics, Odessa National University, 2 Dvoryanskaja str., Odessa, 65026, Ukraine E-mail address: [email protected]. 3 August 2005
Letter to the Editor Upper temperature limit for the existence of living matter Previously, it was shown [1] that, in the temperature interval T v b T b Tc where T v 6 320 K and Tc is the critical temperature, the behavior of the shear viscosity v(T) of water is quite similar to that of argon: ðWÞ
vðWÞ ðT Þ ¼ vR gðt Þ; ðArÞ
vðArÞ ðT Þ ¼ vR gðt Þ;
ð1Þ
where g(t) is polynomial of t = T / Tc, showing the radical difference from the exponential dependence typical for the activation theories [2]. It implies that at T v b T the determinative influence of the H-bond network on the shear viscosity vanishes and water transforms to an ordinary liquid. A similar conclusion can be made from the study of the incoherent neutron scattering data in water. In [3], it was shown that the s 0 / s 1, where s 0 is the residence time of a molecule and s 1 is the characteristics time separating two consecutive time interval of quasi-equilibrium oscillations near temporary equilibrium positions, is larger than unit only at T bTn ; Tn c315 K:
ð2Þ
The inequality s 0 / s 1 H1 corresponds to the crystal-like thermal motion in water. Hence, at T N T n, this picture is not valid for water. According to [4,5] at T H ~ T v, T n the average number of the H-bonds per molecule becomes smaller than two. It means that at T N T H the linear associates (dimers, trimers and so on) dominate in water. The result of calculations of the dielectric permittivity of water near its critical point, based on the assumption about dimers only, is in a very good agreement with its experimental value. In this case, one can naturally understand the argon-like character of the shear viscosity of water at T N T v and also explain the peculiarities of the incoherent neutron scattering. All mentioned temperatures are close to T b 6 319 K corresponding to the minimum of the isothermal compressibility [6]. Near T b, the anomalous temperature dependence of the isothermal compressibility observed at T b T b transforms to that of argon and other simple liquids. These facts allow us to conclude that a stable 3D H-bond network in water exists only below T H.
0167-7322/$ - see front matter D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2005.11.027
Here we should pay attention to the fact that the temperature of death for many living organisms estimated as T d a 42H43 8C belongs to the temperature interval T H a 315H320 K or T H a 42H47 8C, within which the 3D H-bond network destructs. This circumstance seems to be natural. The existence of H-bond network in bio-cells creates special conditions for energy, mass and ion transport inside cells. The destruction of H-bond network in bio-cells, being the cause of the death of many living organisms, can be provoked by both temperature effects and the influence of salts, alcohols and other admixtures. In other words, we expect that the injection of admixtures into blood can essentially shift the temperature of microorganisms’ death. In accordance with [7], one can suppose that the destruction of the H-bond network is the smeared phase transition of the first type. These questions will be the object of our further study. References [1] L.A. Bulavin, N.P. Malomuzh, K.S. Shakun, UJP 50 (2005) 653. [2] J. Frenkel, Kinetic Theory of Liquids, Dover Publ., NY, 1995, 592 pp. [3] L.A. Bulavin, N.P. Malomuzh, K.N. Pankratov, J. Struct. Chem. 46 (2005) 52 (Russian). [4] Yu.V. Lisichkin, A.G. Novikov, N.K. Fomichev, J. Phys. Chem. 63 (1989) 883 (Russian). [5] T.V. Lokotosh, N.P. Malomuzh, V.L. Zakharchenko, J. Struct. Chem. 44 (2003) 1101 (Russian). [6] F. Franks (Ed.), Water: A Comprehensive Treatise, Plenum, NY, 1972. [7] S.V. Lishchuk, T.V. Lokotosh, N.P. Malomuzh, JCP 123 (2005) 1.
Leonid A. Bulavin Department of Molecular Physics, Kiev National University, 2 Academician Glushkov Ave., Kiev, 03680, Ukraine E-mail address: [email protected]. Corresponding author. Nikolay P. Malomuzh Department of Theoretical Physics, Odessa National University, 2 Dvoryanskaja str., Odessa, 65026, Ukraine E-mail address: [email protected]. 3 August 2005