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URFA tunnel project (Turkey) (in German)
18ZA
excavation and support methods, faulty design ani execution, po~r estimation of risk factors, and o~erestimation of the applicability of tunnelling methods.
836108 URFA TUNNEL PROJECT (TURKEY) (IN GE~iAN) Judtmann, G; Pottier, R
Rock Mech, S~ppl 12, 1982, P~95-309 (Paper to 30th Gec~echanical Colloquium, Austrian Society for Geomechanlcs, Salzb~g, 7-9
oct 196l) A large irrigation prcgranm~ in Turkey inclules the driving of a 26.Mkm turmel consisting of two tubes side by side with an inner diameter of 7.62m. The tunnel was cut t h r o ~ marl using cutting, blasting and ripping techniques. Calculations were performed in arder to determine rock mass behaviour dtu~Ing driving, especially its reaction to radial l~essUre applied by injection of murtar between the inner ard outer linings of the tunnel.
836112 CATCHMENT PRESSURED TUNNEL DESIGN OR±'z'~IA OF ED~LO'S HPS - CONCRETE LINING WITH WATERI~OOF FLEXIBLE MANTLE (IN ITALIAN) M~ro, T; Vsllino, G Gallerie Grardi Opere Sottarranee, V6, NI~,
1982, m3-67 A study of the design criteria of a catchment tunnel 5.~m in diameter and 8kin long forming part of the Edolo power and pumping project in the Camonica Valley, Italy. The paper first considers l~elimir2ry design ar~ survey work: rock mass permeability has Been assessed using in situ Lugeon tests and s!~ing location, ar~ two heavily faulted areas have been located. Secondly structural calculation criteria for ~essurised tunnel linings are discussed - the water!~oof mantle chosen in this case was Irefabricated, consisting of a laminated structure of two sheets of reir~orced polyvir~Ichl~ide, with suppcrting metal structure.
836109 FIRST PHASE OF GE~EDGICAL AND GEOTECHNTCAL EXPLORATION FOR THE CROSSTO~N TUNNEL IN SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA (IN GE~WAN) John, K W Rock Meah, St~mpl i i , 1981, i~5-~8 (Paper to 29th Ge~nechanlcal Colloquium, Austrian Society for Oeomechanics, Salzb~g, 9-10 Oct 1~60) The 10kin long Crossto~n Transl~mt Tunnel, plarmed to carry waste water and rain ~ , is part of the San Francisco Clean Water Program, California, USA. Extensive exploration has shown that tunnel construction through sards urger considerable waterhead and rocks of varyir6 s ~ r e ~ will require flexible l~ocedures diff~ing fr~n present US usage.
836113 THEORETICAL EXAMINATION OF THE S E T T L ~ N T S INDUCED BY TUN~.T.I~: FOUR CASE HISTORIES Rowe, R K; Kack, G J Can Geotech J, V20, N2, May 1983, P299-3114 The application of the finite element method to the Irediction of settlement due to shield tunnelling in soft ground is examired by consideration of h case histories that encompass a vide rathe of soil conditions ani construction techniques. The cases examir~d are: the BART subway system Lower Market Street Tunnel, USA, the Manuel Gor~alez T~tnnel, Mexico, the Frankfurt subway, G~ms:~, and the Washington metro, USA. Predicted ani measured s~rface defc~mations were compared in each case. The method is then used as the basis f ~ a design approach for tunnels in soft ground.
836110 EXPERIENCES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE TUNNEL CROSS SECTIONS IN PARTIAL HEADINGS FOR THE UNDE~ROLrND RAILWAY OF MUNICH (IN G~MAN) Krlsehke, A; Weber, J Rock Mech, SuPpl ii, 1981, i=107-126 (Paper to 2~ch Gecmechsmlcal Colloqui~, Austrian Society far Geomechanlcs, Salzbm-g, 9-10 Oct l ~ 0 ) Several large t ~ n e l s covering a total area of 176sq m have been driven in several excavation stages ani lined with a reir~orced outer shell of sl~ayed concrete a:~ an inns- shell of ~atertight r e i r ~ c e d concrete. Partial excavation was chosen because: (i) the excavations through tertiary soil enclosing a series of strata of ~ressurized water bearing samd and silty, clayey ~ i marly soil are thus limited by stand-up time a~d differing soil stremgth, (2) dewatering of the heterogeneous strata is only possible using partial drives ani drair~ge from the galleries a~i (3) damage due to ground movement ~ni settlement is minimized in the built-up area overlying the workirgs.
83611~ SWAMPY GROUND HAMPERS RFL~ABILITATION Peters, R J Inst Engrs Australia, V55, Nil, i0 June
1983, ~1-42 An 80 year old sewer in Sydney, A~mtralia, built in swampy ground has detericrated badly. The Insitufcrm process was chosen as a remedial measure: the sewer is lined with a resin-im!~eghated sleeve which hardens to an impermeable coating. Part of this lining has buckled and while new lining is being prepared a polyuretham grout has been used to stop grouniwater leaks.
836111 REASONS AND AVOIDANCE OF DAMAGES IN TUNNELLING (IN GEaM.~N) Gols~r, J; Hackl, E Rock Mech, S~I~I ii, 1981, P203-213 (Paper to 29th Gecmechanical Colloquium, Austrian Society fc~ Gec~echanics, Salzburg, 9-10 Oct 1980)
ln-situ stresses and stress around underground openings See a l s o : 836323
836115
SPLIT CARBON ~±'..'.:u TUBES CONI'ROL ROCK BLASTS
Ttmn Tunnlg, VI5, NT, July 1983, i~5 The most frequent ~oblems in tunnel excavation a~d support are fallouts, collapse ani excessive deformation necessitating additional s t ~ other remedial measures. Using Practical examples the commonest l~oblems and the reasons for their Occurrence are discussed: poor interlretatlon of geolo~ical/geotechnical cor~Litions, ina!slrolriate
RMMS 2 0 / ~ E
Use of the Split Set Rock stabilizir~ technique in the Star Minej IdahoI USA has allowed increased l~Cductivity at greater depths. Residual h~izor~al stresses in the quartzite due to tectonic movement have been controlled by the split carbon steel tubes.
excavation and support methods, faulty design ani execution, po~r estimation of risk factors, and o~erestimation of the applicability of tunnelling methods.
836108 URFA TUNNEL PROJECT (TURKEY) (IN GE~iAN) Judtmann, G; Pottier, R
Rock Mech, S~ppl 12, 1982, P~95-309 (Paper to 30th Gec~echanical Colloquium, Austrian Society for Geomechanlcs, Salzb~g, 7-9
oct 196l) A large irrigation prcgranm~ in Turkey inclules the driving of a 26.Mkm turmel consisting of two tubes side by side with an inner diameter of 7.62m. The tunnel was cut t h r o ~ marl using cutting, blasting and ripping techniques. Calculations were performed in arder to determine rock mass behaviour dtu~Ing driving, especially its reaction to radial l~essUre applied by injection of murtar between the inner ard outer linings of the tunnel.
836112 CATCHMENT PRESSURED TUNNEL DESIGN OR±'z'~IA OF ED~LO'S HPS - CONCRETE LINING WITH WATERI~OOF FLEXIBLE MANTLE (IN ITALIAN) M~ro, T; Vsllino, G Gallerie Grardi Opere Sottarranee, V6, NI~,
1982, m3-67 A study of the design criteria of a catchment tunnel 5.~m in diameter and 8kin long forming part of the Edolo power and pumping project in the Camonica Valley, Italy. The paper first considers l~elimir2ry design ar~ survey work: rock mass permeability has Been assessed using in situ Lugeon tests and s!~ing location, ar~ two heavily faulted areas have been located. Secondly structural calculation criteria for ~essurised tunnel linings are discussed - the water!~oof mantle chosen in this case was Irefabricated, consisting of a laminated structure of two sheets of reir~orced polyvir~Ichl~ide, with suppcrting metal structure.
836109 FIRST PHASE OF GE~EDGICAL AND GEOTECHNTCAL EXPLORATION FOR THE CROSSTO~N TUNNEL IN SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA (IN GE~WAN) John, K W Rock Meah, St~mpl i i , 1981, i~5-~8 (Paper to 29th Ge~nechanlcal Colloquium, Austrian Society for Oeomechanics, Salzb~g, 9-10 Oct 1~60) The 10kin long Crossto~n Transl~mt Tunnel, plarmed to carry waste water and rain ~ , is part of the San Francisco Clean Water Program, California, USA. Extensive exploration has shown that tunnel construction through sards urger considerable waterhead and rocks of varyir6 s ~ r e ~ will require flexible l~ocedures diff~ing fr~n present US usage.
836113 THEORETICAL EXAMINATION OF THE S E T T L ~ N T S INDUCED BY TUN~.T.I~: FOUR CASE HISTORIES Rowe, R K; Kack, G J Can Geotech J, V20, N2, May 1983, P299-3114 The application of the finite element method to the Irediction of settlement due to shield tunnelling in soft ground is examired by consideration of h case histories that encompass a vide rathe of soil conditions ani construction techniques. The cases examir~d are: the BART subway system Lower Market Street Tunnel, USA, the Manuel Gor~alez T~tnnel, Mexico, the Frankfurt subway, G~ms:~, and the Washington metro, USA. Predicted ani measured s~rface defc~mations were compared in each case. The method is then used as the basis f ~ a design approach for tunnels in soft ground.
836110 EXPERIENCES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE TUNNEL CROSS SECTIONS IN PARTIAL HEADINGS FOR THE UNDE~ROLrND RAILWAY OF MUNICH (IN G~MAN) Krlsehke, A; Weber, J Rock Mech, SuPpl ii, 1981, i=107-126 (Paper to 2~ch Gecmechsmlcal Colloqui~, Austrian Society far Geomechanlcs, Salzbm-g, 9-10 Oct l ~ 0 ) Several large t ~ n e l s covering a total area of 176sq m have been driven in several excavation stages ani lined with a reir~orced outer shell of sl~ayed concrete a:~ an inns- shell of ~atertight r e i r ~ c e d concrete. Partial excavation was chosen because: (i) the excavations through tertiary soil enclosing a series of strata of ~ressurized water bearing samd and silty, clayey ~ i marly soil are thus limited by stand-up time a~d differing soil stremgth, (2) dewatering of the heterogeneous strata is only possible using partial drives ani drair~ge from the galleries a~i (3) damage due to ground movement ~ni settlement is minimized in the built-up area overlying the workirgs.
83611~ SWAMPY GROUND HAMPERS RFL~ABILITATION Peters, R J Inst Engrs Australia, V55, Nil, i0 June
1983, ~1-42 An 80 year old sewer in Sydney, A~mtralia, built in swampy ground has detericrated badly. The Insitufcrm process was chosen as a remedial measure: the sewer is lined with a resin-im!~eghated sleeve which hardens to an impermeable coating. Part of this lining has buckled and while new lining is being prepared a polyuretham grout has been used to stop grouniwater leaks.
836111 REASONS AND AVOIDANCE OF DAMAGES IN TUNNELLING (IN GEaM.~N) Gols~r, J; Hackl, E Rock Mech, S~I~I ii, 1981, P203-213 (Paper to 29th Gecmechanical Colloquium, Austrian Society fc~ Gec~echanics, Salzburg, 9-10 Oct 1980)
ln-situ stresses and stress around underground openings See a l s o : 836323
836115
SPLIT CARBON ~±'..'.:u TUBES CONI'ROL ROCK BLASTS
Ttmn Tunnlg, VI5, NT, July 1983, i~5 The most frequent ~oblems in tunnel excavation a~d support are fallouts, collapse ani excessive deformation necessitating additional s t ~ other remedial measures. Using Practical examples the commonest l~oblems and the reasons for their Occurrence are discussed: poor interlretatlon of geolo~ical/geotechnical cor~Litions, ina!slrolriate
RMMS 2 0 / ~ E
Use of the Split Set Rock stabilizir~ technique in the Star Minej IdahoI USA has allowed increased l~Cductivity at greater depths. Residual h~izor~al stresses in the quartzite due to tectonic movement have been controlled by the split carbon steel tubes.