Use of Humanoid Robot in Children with Cerebral Palsy: The Ups and Downs in Clinical Experience

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Computer Science 76 (2015) 394 – 399

,(((,QWHUQDWLRQDO6\PSRVLXPRQ5RERWLFVDQG,QWHOOLJHQW6HQVRUV,5,6

8VHRI+XPDQRLG5RERWLQ&KLOGUHQ ZLWK&HUHEUDO3DOV\7KH8SVDQG 'RZQVLQ&OLQLFDO([SHULHQFH 5DELDWXO$GDZLDK$EGXO5DKPDQ D)D]DK$NKWDU+DQDSLDK E+XVQD+DVVDQ%DVULE1RUMDVZHHQ $EGXO0DOLNF+DQDILDK
)DFXOW\RI+HDOWK6FLHQFHV8QLYHUVLWL7HNQRORJL0$5$3XQFDN$ODP6HODQJRU0DOD\VLD E )DFXOW\RI0HGLFLQH8QLYHUVLWL7HNQRORJL0$5$6XQJDL%XORK6HODQJRU0DOD\VLD F )DFXOW\RI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ8QLYHUVLWL7HNQRORJL0$5$6KDK$ODP6HODQJRU0DOD\VLD

$EVWUDFW &HUHEUDOSDOV\ &3 LVDGLVRUGHUWKDWLPSDLUVPRWRUIXQFWLRQLQFKLOGUHQUHVXOWLQJLQOLPLWDWLRQWRH[HFXWHDFWLYHGDLO\OLIH,WLVFDXVHGE\WKH QRQSURJUHVVLYH LQVXOW WR WKH LPPDWXUH EUDLQ 7KH FRPPRQ IHDWXUHV RI FKLOGUHQ ZLWK &3 DUH VSDVWLFLW\ PXVFOH ZHDNQHVV EDODQFH DQG SRRU PRWRU IXQFWLRQ &3 PD\ DOVR DIIHFW FRJQLWLYH IXQFWLRQ 5HFHQWO\ WKH WHFKQRORJ\ RI UHKDELOLWDWLRQ URERWLF KDV JDLQHG JUHDW LQWHUHVW LQ WKH UHVHDUFKILHOGIRUGLVDEOHG FKLOGUHQ 7KH KXPDQRLGURERWLVRQHW\SHRIWKH6RFLDOO\ $VVLVWLYH5RERWLF 6$5 WKDWKDV WKHSRWHQWLDOWREHXVHGLQ UHKDELOLWDWLRQ IRU FKLOGUHQ ZLWK &3 7KLV VWXG\ JDYH UHSHWLWLYH H[SRVXUH WR WZR FKLOGUHQ ZLWK &3 WKURXJK WKH KXPDQRLG URERW 1$2 LQ IRXU LQWHUDFWLYHVFHQDULRVIRURQFHDZHHNRYHUDSHULRGRIHLJKWZHHNV7KLVZRUN LVH[SHFWHGWRH[DPLQHKRZWKHKXPDQURERWLQWHUDFWLRQ+5, LPSDFWVWKHDWWHQWLRQDQG JURVVPRWRUIXQFWLRQ 7KLVSDSHUDLPVWRGHVFULEHWKH FOLQLFDOH[SHULHQFHVDQGFKDOOHQJHVXVLQJ WKH KXPDQRLGURERW IRUWKHUDS\LQFKLOGUHQ ZLWK&3 ‹ © 2015 7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRIWKH,(((,QWHUQDWLRQDO6\PSRVLXPRQ5RERWLFVDQG,QWHOOLJHQW6HQVRUV (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). ,5,6  under responsibility of organizing committee of the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Peer-review

Sensors (IRIS 2015) .H\ZRUGV FOLQLFDOH[SHULHQFHFHUHEUDOSDOV\KXPDQRLGURERWKXPDQURERWLQWHUDFWLRQ UHKDELOLWDWLRQURERWLF

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

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ (PDLODGGUHVVUDELDWXODGDZLDK#JPDLOFRP

1877-0509 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors (IRIS 2015) doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.316

Rabiatul Adawiah Abdul Rahman et al. / Procedia Computer Science 76 (2015) 394 – 399

395

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

)LJ+XPDQRLGURERW1$2

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

396

Rabiatul Adawiah Abdul Rahman et al. / Procedia Computer Science 76 (2015) 394 – 399

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

&KLOG

&KLOG

$JH





*HQGHU

0DOH

0DOH

7\SHRI&3

6SDVWLFKHPL

'\VWRQLF

*0)&6

/HYHO,,

/HYHO,9

,4/HYHO

%HORZDYHUDJH

%HORZDYHUDJH

 3URFHVVRIH[HFXWLRQGXULQJH[SHULPHQWDOVWXG\ )RXULQWHUDFWLYHVFHQDULRV LQFOXGHG LQWKHVWXG\DUHSUHVHQWHG LQ7DEOH7KHJHQHUDODLPV RIWKHVHLQWHUDFWLYHVFHQDULRVDUH WR LPSURYHWUXQFDOEDODQFHFRRUGLQDWLRQDQGJURVVPRWRUIXQFWLRQIRFXVLQJRQWKHORZHUH[WUHPLW\ 7DEOH,QWHUDFWLYHVFHQDULRV ,QWHUDFWLYH6FHQDULR

'HVFULSWLRQ

,QWHUDFWLYHVFHQDULR

,QWURGXFWRU\UDSSRUW

,QWHUDFWLYHVFHQDULR

6LWWRVWDQG

,QWHUDFWLYHVFHQDULR

%DODQFH

,QWHUDFWLYHVFHQDULR

%DOONLFNLQJ

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¶V VSHHFK GXH WR VSHHFK LPSHGLPHQW +RZHYHU WKH WKHUDSLVW PDQDJHG WR HQFRXQWHU WKH FKDOOHQJHV HIIHFWLYHO\ E\ VHHNLQJ FODULILFDWLRQIURPSDUHQWVDQG DVVLVWLQJUHVSRQVH WRKXPDQRLGURERW1$27KHH[SHFWHGRXWFRPHRI WKLV PRGXOHLVWR LPSURYH WKH FKLOG¶V DGDSWDELOLW\ WR WKH VRFLDO OLIH HVSHFLDOO\ LQ VFKRRO EHFDXVH FKLOGUHQ ZLWK &3 WHQG WR KDYH ORZ VHOIFRQFHSW GXH WR GLVRUGHUV

Rabiatul Adawiah Abdul Rahman et al. / Procedia Computer Science 76 (2015) 394 – 399

397

)LJ,PLWDWLRQOHDUQLQJVLWWRVWDQGGXULQJ+5,

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

+XPDQRLGURERW 1DPH

5HSHWLWLYH H[SRVXUH

&KLOGUHQ ZLWK&3

2XWFRPH PHDVXUH

6XPPDU\

.R]\DYNLQ HWDO




1R

&KLOGUHQPRWLYDWHDQG DFWLYHO\SDUWLFLSDWHLQ UHKDELOLWDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV

)ULGLQHWDO


1R



&KLOGUHQFUHDWHGSRVLWLYH LQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKWKHURERW

398

Rabiatul Adawiah Abdul Rahman et al. / Procedia Computer Science 76 (2015) 394 – 399

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¶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¶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ௗ$FULWLFDOXSGDWHIRUWKHFOLQLFLDQ(XU-3DHGLDWU1HXURO  GRLMHMSQ $JUDZDO6..DQJ-&KHQ;HWDO&DVHVWXGLHVRIDURERWHQKDQFHGZDONHUIRUWUDLQLQJRIFKLOGUHQZLWKFHUHEUDOSDOV\,(((56-,QW&RQI,QWHOO5RERW 6\VWGRL,526 6DQNDU&0XQGNXU1&HUHEUDOSDOV\GHILQLWLRQFODVVLILFDWLRQHWLRORJ\DQGHDUO\GLDJQRVLV,QGLDQ-3HGLDWU  GRL%) 0DOLN1$
Rabiatul Adawiah Abdul Rahman et al. / Procedia Computer Science 76 (2015) 394 – 399 6KLHOGV1%SK\VLR
399