- Email: [email protected]
Using Media to Improve Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Elementary School Lunch Programs
MONDAY, OCTOBER 5
Poster Session: Food/Nutrition Science; Education; Management; Food Services/Culinary; Research 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Animal-Based Foods for Estimating Total Vitamin D Intake Author(s): J.M. Roseland1, K.Y. Patterson1, Q.V. Nguyen1, J.R. Williams1, P.R. Pehrsson1, K.M. Phillips2, C.L. Taylor 3; 1USDA/ARS/BHNRC/NDL, Beltsville, MD, 2Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, 3Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD Learning Outcome: The participant will be able to explain the relevance of obtaining 25(OH) D values for animal-based foods for total vitamin D assessment and name some foods with significant 25(OHD) content. Background: Vitamin D3 in animals is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH) D3]. 25(OH) D3 in foods may be two to five times more effective than D3 in elevating serum 25(OH) D3. Therefore, 25(OH) D3 is an important component when estimating vitamin D intake, for meeting the estimated average requirement (EAR) of 10 mcg/day. 25(OH) D3 in foods is not routinely determined, thus usually not included in vitamin D intake estimates derived from food composition data. Methods: 25(OH) D3 and vitamin D3 were measured in a variety of animal-based foods at a validated laboratory using LC-MS methodology with quality control protocols. Inter-laboratory method validation was also conducted with four experienced laboratories analyzing five foods in two separate trials using similar methodologies. Results: Preliminary 25(OH) D3 (mcg/100g) was highest in fresh eggs (mean¼0.78; range¼0.43-1.85). Levels were higher in animal skin or fat (0.27-0.38) compared to the respective animal muscle. In organ meats and processed meats, 25(OH) D3 levels were similar to those in fresh pork and beef. For cooked beef, mean 25(OH) D3 was higher (0.25) than vitamin D3 (0.09) (p<0.0001). Inter-laboratory results were consistent for chicken liver, dried beef liver, and dried egg (8-16% relative standard deviations (RSDs)). Meat homogenate and ground beef were more variable, but <24% RSD, probably due to greater heterogeneity in matrix. Conclusions: 25(OH) D3 can be measured in a variety of foods with agreement between labs using similar methodologies. Obtaining data for 25(OH) D3 in USDA nutrient databases will expand the assessment of vitamin D intakes in the US population.
Daily Consumption of Strawberries Improves Plasma Nitric Oxide and Adiponectin Levels in Pre- and Stage 1-Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women Author(s): R.G. Feresin1, A. Figueroa1, S.A. Johnson1, S. Pourafshar1, N. Navaei1, J. Campbell1, S. Jaime1, S. Alvarez-Alvarado1, M.L. Elam1, N. Akhavan1, G. Tenenbaum2, B.H. Arjmandi1; 1Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL, 2Department of Educational Psychology & Learning Systems, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL Learning Outcome: The participant will be able to explain the effect of strawberries on blood pressure and endothelial function. Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and approximately 75% of postmenopausal women in the US are hypertensive. Although antihypertensive drugs are available, a number of people prefer alternative therapies. Strawberries are a rich source of polyphenols with strong antioxidant capacity. Thus, the goal of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the extent to which daily consumption of strawberries for eight weeks improves blood pressure (BP) in pre- and stage 1-hypertensive postmenopausal women. Sixty women (age: 59.6 5.3 years; body mass index: 32.0 4.8 kg/m2, systolic BP: 140 13 mmHg, diastolic BP: 80 7 mmHg) were randomly assigned into one of three groups (n ¼ 20/group): 1) placebo-control, 2) 25g of freeze-dried strawberry powder (FDSP; equivalent to 2 servings), and 3) 50g of FDSP (equivalent to 4 servings). After eight weeks, SBP was lower than baseline levels by - 4, - 6 and - 4 mmHg in the placebo-control, 25g, and 50g FDSP groups, respectively (p ¼ .006) while DBP was unaltered. Nitric oxide levels increased by 23% and 56% in the 25g and 50g FDSP groups, respectively, and decreased in the placebo-control group by 3% compared to baseline levels (p ¼ .04). A time-by-treatment interaction (p ¼ .034) was observed for adiponectin which increased in the 25g and 50g FDSP groups by 6% and 20%, respectively, and decreased in the placebo-control group by 9%. Our findings suggest that daily consumption of strawberries may improve endothelial function.
Funding Disclosure: Funded in part by the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements
Funding Disclosure: California Strawberry Commission
Hydroponic Raspberries: Determining Differences in Yield, Bioactive Compounds, and Taste Preferences
Using Media to Improve Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Elementary School Lunch Programs
Author(s): C. Treftz1, S.T. Omaye2; 1Univ. of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 2 Environmental Sciences and Health, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV
Author(s): N. Alkhunain, L. House, A. Mathews; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to identify the differences between hydroponically and conventionally grown berries.
Learning Outcome: This project sought to evaluate whether positive media messages (commercials) that promote fruit and vegetable consumption in the school cafeteria would influence elementary school children to purchase and eat more of these foods.
Background: The United States Department of Agriculture estimates that 23 million people live in food deserts with inadequate access to fresh food. Growing fresh produce in hydroponic systems may be a potential solution to some food insecurity issues regardless of soil quality, climate or space. This research aims to investigate the feasibility, nutritional quality and sensory characteristics of hydroponic berries as a sustainable and nutritious food source.
Conclusion: Results from this study and previous literature support that hydroponic raspberry production can be a feasible and sustainable option for nutrient dense foods.
Schools provide a closed environment where advertising of nutrient-poor foods can be curtailed, and marketing of nutrient-rich foods can be implemented at a reasonable cost. This project sought to evaluate whether positive media messages (commercials) that promote fruit and vegetable consumption in the school cafeteria would influence elementary school children to purchase and eat more of these foods. Four schools were selected to participate in the project and were randomized to control (n¼2) or intervention (n¼2). Two commercials were developed in partnership with the Master’s Dietetic Program in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition. Intervention schools were asked to play the commercials each day for 4 weeks during their morning news announcements, alternating the two commercials from week to week. Fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption were measured on Tuesdays or Wednesdays at all four schools using visual plate waste (VPW) analysis prior to the start of the intervention, once each week during the 4 week intervention, and again 2 weeks after the intervention. Preliminary analysis comparing consumption at Week 3 to baseline indicates that children at schools not showing the commercials did not change their purchasing and consumption behavior while children at schools showing the commercials increased vegetable consumption (baseline ¼ 52.2%; week 3 ¼ 66.6%; p< 0.02) with no change in fruit consumption. Positive media messages disseminated on school campuses may be an effective method for encouraging fruit and vegetable intake by elementary school children.
Funding Disclosure: HATCH grant
Funding Disclosure: University of Florida
Methods: Heritage raspberries were randomized in hydroponic and conventional growing conditions at University of Nevada, Reno Experimental Station. Bioactive compounds (polyphenolics) were analyzed with HPLC and spectrophotometrically. Organic acids were analyzed with HPLC. Mean percent BRIX was measured using a digital refractometer. Taste preferences were assessed by an untrained panel on using difference testing followed by preference testing. Significance for all tests was determined by using the Student t-test. Results: The mean mass of hydroponic berries was slightly more (1.61 g) compared to conventionally grown berries (1.59 g). Significant differences were seen in bioactive compounds analyzed. Mean percent BRIX was 8.4% in hydroponic berries compared to 11.2% in conventionally grown berries (p<.01). Results from the sensory analysis indicated a significant differences.
A-42
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
September 2015 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 115 Number 9
Poster Session: Food/Nutrition Science; Education; Management; Food Services/Culinary; Research 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Animal-Based Foods for Estimating Total Vitamin D Intake Author(s): J.M. Roseland1, K.Y. Patterson1, Q.V. Nguyen1, J.R. Williams1, P.R. Pehrsson1, K.M. Phillips2, C.L. Taylor 3; 1USDA/ARS/BHNRC/NDL, Beltsville, MD, 2Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, 3Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD Learning Outcome: The participant will be able to explain the relevance of obtaining 25(OH) D values for animal-based foods for total vitamin D assessment and name some foods with significant 25(OHD) content. Background: Vitamin D3 in animals is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH) D3]. 25(OH) D3 in foods may be two to five times more effective than D3 in elevating serum 25(OH) D3. Therefore, 25(OH) D3 is an important component when estimating vitamin D intake, for meeting the estimated average requirement (EAR) of 10 mcg/day. 25(OH) D3 in foods is not routinely determined, thus usually not included in vitamin D intake estimates derived from food composition data. Methods: 25(OH) D3 and vitamin D3 were measured in a variety of animal-based foods at a validated laboratory using LC-MS methodology with quality control protocols. Inter-laboratory method validation was also conducted with four experienced laboratories analyzing five foods in two separate trials using similar methodologies. Results: Preliminary 25(OH) D3 (mcg/100g) was highest in fresh eggs (mean¼0.78; range¼0.43-1.85). Levels were higher in animal skin or fat (0.27-0.38) compared to the respective animal muscle. In organ meats and processed meats, 25(OH) D3 levels were similar to those in fresh pork and beef. For cooked beef, mean 25(OH) D3 was higher (0.25) than vitamin D3 (0.09) (p<0.0001). Inter-laboratory results were consistent for chicken liver, dried beef liver, and dried egg (8-16% relative standard deviations (RSDs)). Meat homogenate and ground beef were more variable, but <24% RSD, probably due to greater heterogeneity in matrix. Conclusions: 25(OH) D3 can be measured in a variety of foods with agreement between labs using similar methodologies. Obtaining data for 25(OH) D3 in USDA nutrient databases will expand the assessment of vitamin D intakes in the US population.
Daily Consumption of Strawberries Improves Plasma Nitric Oxide and Adiponectin Levels in Pre- and Stage 1-Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women Author(s): R.G. Feresin1, A. Figueroa1, S.A. Johnson1, S. Pourafshar1, N. Navaei1, J. Campbell1, S. Jaime1, S. Alvarez-Alvarado1, M.L. Elam1, N. Akhavan1, G. Tenenbaum2, B.H. Arjmandi1; 1Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL, 2Department of Educational Psychology & Learning Systems, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL Learning Outcome: The participant will be able to explain the effect of strawberries on blood pressure and endothelial function. Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and approximately 75% of postmenopausal women in the US are hypertensive. Although antihypertensive drugs are available, a number of people prefer alternative therapies. Strawberries are a rich source of polyphenols with strong antioxidant capacity. Thus, the goal of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the extent to which daily consumption of strawberries for eight weeks improves blood pressure (BP) in pre- and stage 1-hypertensive postmenopausal women. Sixty women (age: 59.6 5.3 years; body mass index: 32.0 4.8 kg/m2, systolic BP: 140 13 mmHg, diastolic BP: 80 7 mmHg) were randomly assigned into one of three groups (n ¼ 20/group): 1) placebo-control, 2) 25g of freeze-dried strawberry powder (FDSP; equivalent to 2 servings), and 3) 50g of FDSP (equivalent to 4 servings). After eight weeks, SBP was lower than baseline levels by - 4, - 6 and - 4 mmHg in the placebo-control, 25g, and 50g FDSP groups, respectively (p ¼ .006) while DBP was unaltered. Nitric oxide levels increased by 23% and 56% in the 25g and 50g FDSP groups, respectively, and decreased in the placebo-control group by 3% compared to baseline levels (p ¼ .04). A time-by-treatment interaction (p ¼ .034) was observed for adiponectin which increased in the 25g and 50g FDSP groups by 6% and 20%, respectively, and decreased in the placebo-control group by 9%. Our findings suggest that daily consumption of strawberries may improve endothelial function.
Funding Disclosure: Funded in part by the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements
Funding Disclosure: California Strawberry Commission
Hydroponic Raspberries: Determining Differences in Yield, Bioactive Compounds, and Taste Preferences
Using Media to Improve Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Elementary School Lunch Programs
Author(s): C. Treftz1, S.T. Omaye2; 1Univ. of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 2 Environmental Sciences and Health, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV
Author(s): N. Alkhunain, L. House, A. Mathews; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to identify the differences between hydroponically and conventionally grown berries.
Learning Outcome: This project sought to evaluate whether positive media messages (commercials) that promote fruit and vegetable consumption in the school cafeteria would influence elementary school children to purchase and eat more of these foods.
Background: The United States Department of Agriculture estimates that 23 million people live in food deserts with inadequate access to fresh food. Growing fresh produce in hydroponic systems may be a potential solution to some food insecurity issues regardless of soil quality, climate or space. This research aims to investigate the feasibility, nutritional quality and sensory characteristics of hydroponic berries as a sustainable and nutritious food source.
Conclusion: Results from this study and previous literature support that hydroponic raspberry production can be a feasible and sustainable option for nutrient dense foods.
Schools provide a closed environment where advertising of nutrient-poor foods can be curtailed, and marketing of nutrient-rich foods can be implemented at a reasonable cost. This project sought to evaluate whether positive media messages (commercials) that promote fruit and vegetable consumption in the school cafeteria would influence elementary school children to purchase and eat more of these foods. Four schools were selected to participate in the project and were randomized to control (n¼2) or intervention (n¼2). Two commercials were developed in partnership with the Master’s Dietetic Program in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition. Intervention schools were asked to play the commercials each day for 4 weeks during their morning news announcements, alternating the two commercials from week to week. Fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption were measured on Tuesdays or Wednesdays at all four schools using visual plate waste (VPW) analysis prior to the start of the intervention, once each week during the 4 week intervention, and again 2 weeks after the intervention. Preliminary analysis comparing consumption at Week 3 to baseline indicates that children at schools not showing the commercials did not change their purchasing and consumption behavior while children at schools showing the commercials increased vegetable consumption (baseline ¼ 52.2%; week 3 ¼ 66.6%; p< 0.02) with no change in fruit consumption. Positive media messages disseminated on school campuses may be an effective method for encouraging fruit and vegetable intake by elementary school children.
Funding Disclosure: HATCH grant
Funding Disclosure: University of Florida
Methods: Heritage raspberries were randomized in hydroponic and conventional growing conditions at University of Nevada, Reno Experimental Station. Bioactive compounds (polyphenolics) were analyzed with HPLC and spectrophotometrically. Organic acids were analyzed with HPLC. Mean percent BRIX was measured using a digital refractometer. Taste preferences were assessed by an untrained panel on using difference testing followed by preference testing. Significance for all tests was determined by using the Student t-test. Results: The mean mass of hydroponic berries was slightly more (1.61 g) compared to conventionally grown berries (1.59 g). Significant differences were seen in bioactive compounds analyzed. Mean percent BRIX was 8.4% in hydroponic berries compared to 11.2% in conventionally grown berries (p<.01). Results from the sensory analysis indicated a significant differences.
A-42
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
September 2015 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 115 Number 9