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Variant anatomy of jugular venous system in the neck and its clinical implications: Case report
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Abstracts / Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 65S (2016) S98–S142
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Cervical vertebra synostosis (C2–C3) – A case report
Occipitalization of the atlas vertebra – A case report
M.K. Muley
K.K. Zaveri
Seth G.S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
M.P. Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
Skeletal abnormalities of the cervical region or cranio-cervical regions are of interest to anatomists, orthopedicians and neurologists, neurosurgeons and even orthodontists. Apart from the lumbosacral region, cervical vertebrae are the most common vertebrae to show abnormal fusion. Fused cervical vertebra can be congenital or acquired. Congenitally fused vertebrae result because of failure of resegmentation of sclerotomes due to decrease in local blood supply during third to eighth week of intra-embryonic life. Acquired fusion of cervical vertebrae may occur because of tuberculosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and trauma. We have encountered fused C2–C3 cervical vertebrae while studying cervical vertebrae from the bone library of the Department of Anatomy. Morphological details of fusion were noted. Fused cervical vertebrae are of immense clinical and embryological significance. Clinical significance of fused cervical vertebra has been implicated as a potential cause of limitation of neck movements, muscular weakness, atrophy, neurological sensory loss.
Occipitalization of atlas is fusion of the atlas with the base of occiput. The Atlas vertebra fuses partially or completely with the occipital bone. Complete fusion is more common than partial. Its incidence ranges from 0.08% to 3% in general population. The knowledge of such a fusion is important because skeletal anomaly at the craniocervical region may result in sudden death. The aim of the study was to present an anatomical variant of fused atlas with the occipital bone in order to contribute to baseline awareness of this condition. During routine osteology demonstration classes for undergraduate medical students, a fusion of the atlas vertebra with the skull was seen. The atlas vertebra was almost completely fused with the occipital bone at the base of the skull, except at the transverse process on both sides. Both anterior and posterior arch were completely fused with occipital bone. The lateral masses had fused completely with the occipital condyles. Atlas develops from first cervical sclerotome. Failure of segmentation of the first cervical sclerotome results in assimilation of atlas. Occipitalization of Atlas vertebra is a rare congenital malformation at craniovertebral junction. The awareness of this variant is important as it may reduce the diameter of foramen magnum and lead to vascular and neurological complications due to compression of vertebral arteries and first cervical nerve. Thus knowledge of this condition may be of important to orthopaedicians, neurosurgeons, physicians and radiologists dealing with abnormalities of cervical spine.
Conflicts of interest The author has none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.336 30 Variant anatomy of jugular venous system in the neck and its clinical implications: Case report
Conflicts of interest The author has none to declare.
Melanie Dsouza Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India The veins in the region of head and neck, particularly jugular venous system comprising anterior jugular, internal jugular and external jugular veins are preferred for invasive procedures, like central venous catheterization and intravenous therapies. During dissection of the neck region for undergraduate medical teaching, we observed several unusual variations of superficial veins in the neck region. A pair of large anterior jugular veins (AJVs) as massive anomalous venous (MAV) channels, coursed along the anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscles contributing to the jugular venous arch (JVA). In the submandibular region of the neck, right and left facial veins drained into these respective anomalous venous channels. The JVA then terminated into right subclavian vein. There was also a network of veins anastomosing in the submandibular region. The internal jugular veins were normal. Knowledge about venous variations of head and neck is vital for radiologists, head and neck surgeons and general practitioners. Complications are often encountered owing to anatomical variations of jugular veins. In the present case, variations in superficial veins of neck are reported.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.338 32 High brachial artery bifurcation – A case report S. Hasan SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India Variations of the brachial artery have been frequently observed during routine anatomy dissection classes. These variations of vascular system are of considerable significance for surgical and radiological procedures. In the present case an unusual variation of high division of brachial artery into radial and ulnar artery at the level of upper third of arm, was observed during routine dissection class in a 55-year old male cadaver at Govt. Medical College, Mewat. Accurate knowledge of these variations is desirable as well as essential in the field of orthopaedic, vascular and plastic surgery. Conflicts of interest The author has none to declare.
Conflicts of interest http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.339 The author has none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.337
Abstracts / Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 65S (2016) S98–S142
29
31
Cervical vertebra synostosis (C2–C3) – A case report
Occipitalization of the atlas vertebra – A case report
M.K. Muley
K.K. Zaveri
Seth G.S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
M.P. Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
Skeletal abnormalities of the cervical region or cranio-cervical regions are of interest to anatomists, orthopedicians and neurologists, neurosurgeons and even orthodontists. Apart from the lumbosacral region, cervical vertebrae are the most common vertebrae to show abnormal fusion. Fused cervical vertebra can be congenital or acquired. Congenitally fused vertebrae result because of failure of resegmentation of sclerotomes due to decrease in local blood supply during third to eighth week of intra-embryonic life. Acquired fusion of cervical vertebrae may occur because of tuberculosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and trauma. We have encountered fused C2–C3 cervical vertebrae while studying cervical vertebrae from the bone library of the Department of Anatomy. Morphological details of fusion were noted. Fused cervical vertebrae are of immense clinical and embryological significance. Clinical significance of fused cervical vertebra has been implicated as a potential cause of limitation of neck movements, muscular weakness, atrophy, neurological sensory loss.
Occipitalization of atlas is fusion of the atlas with the base of occiput. The Atlas vertebra fuses partially or completely with the occipital bone. Complete fusion is more common than partial. Its incidence ranges from 0.08% to 3% in general population. The knowledge of such a fusion is important because skeletal anomaly at the craniocervical region may result in sudden death. The aim of the study was to present an anatomical variant of fused atlas with the occipital bone in order to contribute to baseline awareness of this condition. During routine osteology demonstration classes for undergraduate medical students, a fusion of the atlas vertebra with the skull was seen. The atlas vertebra was almost completely fused with the occipital bone at the base of the skull, except at the transverse process on both sides. Both anterior and posterior arch were completely fused with occipital bone. The lateral masses had fused completely with the occipital condyles. Atlas develops from first cervical sclerotome. Failure of segmentation of the first cervical sclerotome results in assimilation of atlas. Occipitalization of Atlas vertebra is a rare congenital malformation at craniovertebral junction. The awareness of this variant is important as it may reduce the diameter of foramen magnum and lead to vascular and neurological complications due to compression of vertebral arteries and first cervical nerve. Thus knowledge of this condition may be of important to orthopaedicians, neurosurgeons, physicians and radiologists dealing with abnormalities of cervical spine.
Conflicts of interest The author has none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.336 30 Variant anatomy of jugular venous system in the neck and its clinical implications: Case report
Conflicts of interest The author has none to declare.
Melanie Dsouza Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India The veins in the region of head and neck, particularly jugular venous system comprising anterior jugular, internal jugular and external jugular veins are preferred for invasive procedures, like central venous catheterization and intravenous therapies. During dissection of the neck region for undergraduate medical teaching, we observed several unusual variations of superficial veins in the neck region. A pair of large anterior jugular veins (AJVs) as massive anomalous venous (MAV) channels, coursed along the anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscles contributing to the jugular venous arch (JVA). In the submandibular region of the neck, right and left facial veins drained into these respective anomalous venous channels. The JVA then terminated into right subclavian vein. There was also a network of veins anastomosing in the submandibular region. The internal jugular veins were normal. Knowledge about venous variations of head and neck is vital for radiologists, head and neck surgeons and general practitioners. Complications are often encountered owing to anatomical variations of jugular veins. In the present case, variations in superficial veins of neck are reported.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.338 32 High brachial artery bifurcation – A case report S. Hasan SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India Variations of the brachial artery have been frequently observed during routine anatomy dissection classes. These variations of vascular system are of considerable significance for surgical and radiological procedures. In the present case an unusual variation of high division of brachial artery into radial and ulnar artery at the level of upper third of arm, was observed during routine dissection class in a 55-year old male cadaver at Govt. Medical College, Mewat. Accurate knowledge of these variations is desirable as well as essential in the field of orthopaedic, vascular and plastic surgery. Conflicts of interest The author has none to declare.
Conflicts of interest http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.339 The author has none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.337