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Varved marine sediments in a stagnant fjord
862
Oceanographic Abstracts
Offshore, the Gulf Stream has produced a pelagic bottom sediment composed of foraminiferal and pteropod tests. Locally coral fragments are common downstream from the Florida Straits and zones of irregular bottom topography in the inner margins of the Blake Plateau indicate probable strong current scour and transport. The contemporary deposition is restricted to the zone of pelagic sediments, a narrow coastal belt bordering the Georgia-South Carolina marsh coast and the nearshore south of Cape Hatteras. Mineralogical studies suggest that two provinces are represented. One of these produces a predominance of epidote in the central shelf; the second is one in which staurolite is characteristic of the southern and northern shelf. Minor element contents of the carbonates reflect the high strontium aragonitic mollusc fragments on the shelf and the low-magnesium, low-strontium contents of the calcitic pelagic foraminifera. Similar sedimentological distributions have been described by Niino and Emery (1961) for the China Sea shelf and slope in the region of the Kuroshio Current. GRAINGER, E. H., 1963. Copepods of the genus Calanus as indicators of eastern Canadian waters. In: Marine Distributions (Edited by DUNBAR, M.J.). Ro)'. Soc., Canad., Spec Publ., No. 5: 68-94. The distributioos of three species of the copepod genus Calanus occurring in arctic and subarctJL waters of eastern North America, C. fimharchieus, C. glacialis, and C. h)'perboreus, are considered in all copepodite stages. C. fidmarchicus is shown to be an Atlantic boreal species, C. glacially' and C. hyperboreus arctic species in all stages. Arctic water is indicated by the presence of C. glacialis without C. finmarchicus, boreal water by C. finmarchicus without C. glaeialis, and subarctic (mixed arctic and Atlantic) water by the presence of both species. Variations in breeding times and in development rates of populations may be used to indicate water movements. GRAY, I. E. and M. J. CERAME-VIVAS, 1963. The circulation of surface waters in Raleigh Bat, North Carolina. Limnol. Oceanogr., 8 (3): 330--337. Returns from helicopter-released drift bottles over Diamond Shoals, in April and August 1962~ revealed a definite southwesterly coastal flow from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Influenced by northeast winds the flow was more pronounced in late summer than in late spring. some of the bottles rounding Cape Lookout. Recovery of drift bottles from Onslow Bay and Bogue Sound strongly supports the theory that the temporary winter populations of distinctly northern species in the Beaufort, North Carolina, area become established from planktonic larvae that originated north of Cape Hatteras a n d were transported around the capes. A postulated circulation, involving the influences of Diamond a n d Lookout shoals, runoff, northeasterly and southwesterly winds, and back eddies from the Florida Current and from wind-induced currents is presented for Raleigh Bay GREVE, LITA, 1963. The genera Spirontocaris, Lebbeus, Eualus and Thoralus in Norwegian waters (Crust. Dec.). Sarsia, Unit'. i Bergen, I 1 : 29. The paper deals with the genera Spirontocaris, Lebbeus, Eualus and Thoralus, with eight species their systematic position, and their occurrence along the Norwegian coast. S. lilljeborgi, L. polari9 and f . pusiolus are common in the whole area. T. cranchii and E. occultus are frequently found in southern Norway. E. occultus is recorded for the first time from Norway. S. spim~.L S. phippsi and E. gaimardii are common in north Norway, having their southern limit in western Norway. A key to the Norwegian species is given as well as a short note on two parasitic isopods found. GRoss, M. G., S. M. GUCLUER, J. S. CREAGER and W. A. DAWSON, 1963. Varved marine sediments in a stagnant fjord. Science, 141 (3584): 918-919. Varved sediments, containing planktonic marine diatoms, occur in Saanich lnlet, British Columbm. An olive-gray lamina, rich in opal, apparently forms during the bloom of Skeletonema costatum in the spring or summer, after which an olive-black lamina is deposited. GUNTER, G., 1963. The proper zoological name of the North American white shrimp. Proc. 15th Annu. Sess., Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. Galveston, Texas, November 1962, U. Miami, Inst. /I.Iar. Sei.: 103-110. The name Cancer setiferus" was given to the American white shrimp by Linnaeus in the Twelfth Edition of Systema Naturae, 1767. In doing so Linnaeus referred to a figure of Seba (1761). who used the name .4stacus fluviatilis, Americanus, and gave the locality as ' in Indiis.' This certifies that the shrimp was American and not East Indian as some authors have quibbled. The same name was used in the Gmetin Edition of Systema (t790) and by Herbst (1796). Olivier (t811) used Palaemon setiferus. Herbst listed America alone as the locality and the others listed South America or indicated the American Indies directly or indirectly. Thomas Say (1817) made the first mention of a penaeid shrimp in North America when he described the North American white shrimp as Penaeus fluviatilis. His description is valid ar, d it cannot be set aside under the Code. His name was considered to be a synonym of Penaeus setiferus because it was thought there was only onc Western Atlantic species. When Burkenroad (1936) recognized that there were two species of white shrimp, one in N o r t h America and one in South America, he made the mistake of naming the South American shrimp as new and called in P. schmitti. Later on (1939) he tried to set up a neotype of
Oceanographic Abstracts
Offshore, the Gulf Stream has produced a pelagic bottom sediment composed of foraminiferal and pteropod tests. Locally coral fragments are common downstream from the Florida Straits and zones of irregular bottom topography in the inner margins of the Blake Plateau indicate probable strong current scour and transport. The contemporary deposition is restricted to the zone of pelagic sediments, a narrow coastal belt bordering the Georgia-South Carolina marsh coast and the nearshore south of Cape Hatteras. Mineralogical studies suggest that two provinces are represented. One of these produces a predominance of epidote in the central shelf; the second is one in which staurolite is characteristic of the southern and northern shelf. Minor element contents of the carbonates reflect the high strontium aragonitic mollusc fragments on the shelf and the low-magnesium, low-strontium contents of the calcitic pelagic foraminifera. Similar sedimentological distributions have been described by Niino and Emery (1961) for the China Sea shelf and slope in the region of the Kuroshio Current. GRAINGER, E. H., 1963. Copepods of the genus Calanus as indicators of eastern Canadian waters. In: Marine Distributions (Edited by DUNBAR, M.J.). Ro)'. Soc., Canad., Spec Publ., No. 5: 68-94. The distributioos of three species of the copepod genus Calanus occurring in arctic and subarctJL waters of eastern North America, C. fimharchieus, C. glacialis, and C. h)'perboreus, are considered in all copepodite stages. C. fidmarchicus is shown to be an Atlantic boreal species, C. glacially' and C. hyperboreus arctic species in all stages. Arctic water is indicated by the presence of C. glacialis without C. finmarchicus, boreal water by C. finmarchicus without C. glaeialis, and subarctic (mixed arctic and Atlantic) water by the presence of both species. Variations in breeding times and in development rates of populations may be used to indicate water movements. GRAY, I. E. and M. J. CERAME-VIVAS, 1963. The circulation of surface waters in Raleigh Bat, North Carolina. Limnol. Oceanogr., 8 (3): 330--337. Returns from helicopter-released drift bottles over Diamond Shoals, in April and August 1962~ revealed a definite southwesterly coastal flow from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Influenced by northeast winds the flow was more pronounced in late summer than in late spring. some of the bottles rounding Cape Lookout. Recovery of drift bottles from Onslow Bay and Bogue Sound strongly supports the theory that the temporary winter populations of distinctly northern species in the Beaufort, North Carolina, area become established from planktonic larvae that originated north of Cape Hatteras a n d were transported around the capes. A postulated circulation, involving the influences of Diamond a n d Lookout shoals, runoff, northeasterly and southwesterly winds, and back eddies from the Florida Current and from wind-induced currents is presented for Raleigh Bay GREVE, LITA, 1963. The genera Spirontocaris, Lebbeus, Eualus and Thoralus in Norwegian waters (Crust. Dec.). Sarsia, Unit'. i Bergen, I 1 : 29. The paper deals with the genera Spirontocaris, Lebbeus, Eualus and Thoralus, with eight species their systematic position, and their occurrence along the Norwegian coast. S. lilljeborgi, L. polari9 and f . pusiolus are common in the whole area. T. cranchii and E. occultus are frequently found in southern Norway. E. occultus is recorded for the first time from Norway. S. spim~.L S. phippsi and E. gaimardii are common in north Norway, having their southern limit in western Norway. A key to the Norwegian species is given as well as a short note on two parasitic isopods found. GRoss, M. G., S. M. GUCLUER, J. S. CREAGER and W. A. DAWSON, 1963. Varved marine sediments in a stagnant fjord. Science, 141 (3584): 918-919. Varved sediments, containing planktonic marine diatoms, occur in Saanich lnlet, British Columbm. An olive-gray lamina, rich in opal, apparently forms during the bloom of Skeletonema costatum in the spring or summer, after which an olive-black lamina is deposited. GUNTER, G., 1963. The proper zoological name of the North American white shrimp. Proc. 15th Annu. Sess., Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. Galveston, Texas, November 1962, U. Miami, Inst. /I.Iar. Sei.: 103-110. The name Cancer setiferus" was given to the American white shrimp by Linnaeus in the Twelfth Edition of Systema Naturae, 1767. In doing so Linnaeus referred to a figure of Seba (1761). who used the name .4stacus fluviatilis, Americanus, and gave the locality as ' in Indiis.' This certifies that the shrimp was American and not East Indian as some authors have quibbled. The same name was used in the Gmetin Edition of Systema (t790) and by Herbst (1796). Olivier (t811) used Palaemon setiferus. Herbst listed America alone as the locality and the others listed South America or indicated the American Indies directly or indirectly. Thomas Say (1817) made the first mention of a penaeid shrimp in North America when he described the North American white shrimp as Penaeus fluviatilis. His description is valid ar, d it cannot be set aside under the Code. His name was considered to be a synonym of Penaeus setiferus because it was thought there was only onc Western Atlantic species. When Burkenroad (1936) recognized that there were two species of white shrimp, one in N o r t h America and one in South America, he made the mistake of naming the South American shrimp as new and called in P. schmitti. Later on (1939) he tried to set up a neotype of