- Email: [email protected]
Ventral and dorsal visual stream development as a function of information complexity
S14
Poster Abstracts / Brain and Cognition 67 (2008) S11–S47
False memories with a modified DRM paradigm Fre´de´rike Bax-d’Auteuil a, Jacinthe Lemelin a, Nicole Caza a,b a
De´partement de psychologie, Universite´ de Montre´al, Succursale Centre-ville, Montre´al, Que., Canada H3C 3J7 b Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de ge´riatrie de Montre´al, 4565, chemin Queen Mary, Montre´al, Que., Canada H3W 1W5 E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Baxd’Auteuil) Using a modified version of the Deese–Roediger–Mcdermott (DRM) paradigm, we found evidence that young and older adults use different mechanisms to create false memories (FM). The modified DRM allows distinction between two main theories of FM (Fuzzy-Trace and Activation/ Monitoring Theories) by manipulating the possibility to create gist traces in a word list while holding constant activation processes. We found that the rate of FM for non studied lures in young adults was similar whether or not the possibility to form a gist trace was present, while older adults produced FM only when possibility to form a gist was present. These findings are congruent with other studies and suggest an over-reliance on gist memory when episodic memory is impaired, as is the case with aging. This study aimed at directly testing this hypothesis by examining whether altering episodic memory in young participants (with delayed recognition) would change their performance on the modified DRM so that it matches performance by older adults. Participants learned either a list of related words (gist) or unrelated words (no gist). Recognition of targets and lures was measured immediately and after a 15-min delay. Results showed that without delay, young participants produced a similar rate of FM with both lists, thus replicating our previous findings; with delay, more targets and lures were recognized with related than unrelated words. This increased FM effect with related words suggests that over-reliance on gist memory is linked to impaired episodic memory, as reported in the aging literature. Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Fonds de la Recherche en Sante´ du Que´bec (FRSQ) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to Nicole Caza. We thank Jonathan LemieuxOuellette and Linda Bergeron for their help in data collection. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.02.020
Visual Psychophysics and Perception Laboratory, E´cole d’optome´trie, Universite´ de Montre´al, C.P. 6128 Succursale, Centre Ville, Montre´al, Que., Canada H3C 3J7 E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Bertone) b
Purpose: The objective of the present study was to assess the development of visual stream mechanisms mediating static (ventral stream) and dynamic (dorsal stream) information processing as a function of age. Unlike previous developmental studies, the present study attempted to control for stimulus complexity by assessing performance at two levels (striate and extra-striate) along each pathway. Methods: A total of 54 typically developing participants were placed in either of 5 age-groups (3–4), (5–6), (7–8), (9–10) and (18+ years). Sensitivity to tatic and dynamic information was measured for each participant for both simple (first-order) and complex (second-order) stimuli using an orientation-identification (ventral stream-dependent) and direction-identification (dorsal stream-dependent) task, respectively. In addition, developmental level as defined by verbal mental ability, was assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) for all participants. Results: As expected, both static and dynamic visual information processing improves with development, as is indicated by increased sensitivity to all stimuli over time. Importantly, sensitivity to simple, first-order stimuli, whether static or dynamic, improved at a faster rate compared to second-order stimuli. Conclusions: These findings provide important baseline data with which to chart atypical developmental trajectories of visual processing. Furthermore, the present findings suggest that mechanisms defined by larger neural circuitry (mediating complex visual information) mature later on during development. Finally, in order to suggest a stream-specific dysfunction during development, we argue that it is necessary to assess performance within both visual streams at different levels of complexity. Acknowledgment FUNDING Armando Bertone: CIHR Clinical Research Initiative Fellowship Kim Cornish: CIHR OPERATION Grant No. 122234. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.02.021
A case for action achromatopsia? G. Binsted a, D. Saucier b a
Ventral and dorsal visual stream development as a function of information complexity Armando Bertone a, Julie Hanck a, Jocelyn Faubert b, Kim Cornish a
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Sask., Canada S7N 5B2 b Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr, Lethbridge, Alta., Canada T1K3M4 E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Binsted)
a
Childhood Laboratory for Research and Education in Developmental Disorders, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Room 522, Montreal, Que., Canada H3A 1Y2
It is widely held that two discrete visual pathways direct the detection of what/where or formation of action/per-
Poster Abstracts / Brain and Cognition 67 (2008) S11–S47
False memories with a modified DRM paradigm Fre´de´rike Bax-d’Auteuil a, Jacinthe Lemelin a, Nicole Caza a,b a
De´partement de psychologie, Universite´ de Montre´al, Succursale Centre-ville, Montre´al, Que., Canada H3C 3J7 b Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de ge´riatrie de Montre´al, 4565, chemin Queen Mary, Montre´al, Que., Canada H3W 1W5 E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Baxd’Auteuil) Using a modified version of the Deese–Roediger–Mcdermott (DRM) paradigm, we found evidence that young and older adults use different mechanisms to create false memories (FM). The modified DRM allows distinction between two main theories of FM (Fuzzy-Trace and Activation/ Monitoring Theories) by manipulating the possibility to create gist traces in a word list while holding constant activation processes. We found that the rate of FM for non studied lures in young adults was similar whether or not the possibility to form a gist trace was present, while older adults produced FM only when possibility to form a gist was present. These findings are congruent with other studies and suggest an over-reliance on gist memory when episodic memory is impaired, as is the case with aging. This study aimed at directly testing this hypothesis by examining whether altering episodic memory in young participants (with delayed recognition) would change their performance on the modified DRM so that it matches performance by older adults. Participants learned either a list of related words (gist) or unrelated words (no gist). Recognition of targets and lures was measured immediately and after a 15-min delay. Results showed that without delay, young participants produced a similar rate of FM with both lists, thus replicating our previous findings; with delay, more targets and lures were recognized with related than unrelated words. This increased FM effect with related words suggests that over-reliance on gist memory is linked to impaired episodic memory, as reported in the aging literature. Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Fonds de la Recherche en Sante´ du Que´bec (FRSQ) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to Nicole Caza. We thank Jonathan LemieuxOuellette and Linda Bergeron for their help in data collection. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.02.020
Visual Psychophysics and Perception Laboratory, E´cole d’optome´trie, Universite´ de Montre´al, C.P. 6128 Succursale, Centre Ville, Montre´al, Que., Canada H3C 3J7 E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Bertone) b
Purpose: The objective of the present study was to assess the development of visual stream mechanisms mediating static (ventral stream) and dynamic (dorsal stream) information processing as a function of age. Unlike previous developmental studies, the present study attempted to control for stimulus complexity by assessing performance at two levels (striate and extra-striate) along each pathway. Methods: A total of 54 typically developing participants were placed in either of 5 age-groups (3–4), (5–6), (7–8), (9–10) and (18+ years). Sensitivity to tatic and dynamic information was measured for each participant for both simple (first-order) and complex (second-order) stimuli using an orientation-identification (ventral stream-dependent) and direction-identification (dorsal stream-dependent) task, respectively. In addition, developmental level as defined by verbal mental ability, was assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) for all participants. Results: As expected, both static and dynamic visual information processing improves with development, as is indicated by increased sensitivity to all stimuli over time. Importantly, sensitivity to simple, first-order stimuli, whether static or dynamic, improved at a faster rate compared to second-order stimuli. Conclusions: These findings provide important baseline data with which to chart atypical developmental trajectories of visual processing. Furthermore, the present findings suggest that mechanisms defined by larger neural circuitry (mediating complex visual information) mature later on during development. Finally, in order to suggest a stream-specific dysfunction during development, we argue that it is necessary to assess performance within both visual streams at different levels of complexity. Acknowledgment FUNDING Armando Bertone: CIHR Clinical Research Initiative Fellowship Kim Cornish: CIHR OPERATION Grant No. 122234. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.02.021
A case for action achromatopsia? G. Binsted a, D. Saucier b a
Ventral and dorsal visual stream development as a function of information complexity Armando Bertone a, Julie Hanck a, Jocelyn Faubert b, Kim Cornish a
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Sask., Canada S7N 5B2 b Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr, Lethbridge, Alta., Canada T1K3M4 E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Binsted)
a
Childhood Laboratory for Research and Education in Developmental Disorders, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Room 522, Montreal, Que., Canada H3A 1Y2
It is widely held that two discrete visual pathways direct the detection of what/where or formation of action/per-