- Email: [email protected]
Video modelling
Clinical Significance.—Dental professionals and patients need to be aware of the adverse as well as the health-promoting effects of smoothies. The high content of vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber can help in disease prevention but excessive consumption of smoothies can have a detrimental effect on tooth tissues. To avoid misuse of these drinks, the dental professional can recommend that patients reduce the frequency of contact of smoothies with the tooth surface. This includes modifying certain habits such as swishing the drinks in the mouth before swallowing. The use of a straw will also reduce contact between the smoothies and tooth surfaces. Patients should not brush their teeth
immediately after consuming smoothies. Instead they should wait at least 1 hour. In addition, they can rinse with water or fluoride solution to neutralize and dilute the acid, chew gum to stimulate saliva secretion, and drink the smoothie chilled.
Ali H, Tahmassebi JF: The effects of smoothies on enamel erosion: An in situ study. Int J Paediatr Dent 24:184-191, 2014 Reprints available from J Tahmassebi, Dept of Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds Dental Inst, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Dental Pain and Anxiety Video modelling Background.—Dental anxiety develops over time and is influenced by several variables. It most likely begins in childhood and is relatively common in children. The most cited reason for dental anxiety is fear of the dental injection, followed by extraction and drilling tooth tissue. Dental anxiety is usually associated with a high rate of caries and a need for oral rehabilitation. Thus dental anxiety is a barrier to carrying out dental treatment safely and simply in a dental practice. General dental practitioners also see dental anxiety as a major cause of stress. The efficiency of treatment can be interrupted frequently by an anxious patient, so even the economics of dental practice can be impacted by dental anxiety. Video modelling offers a way to change behavior and has been used for this purpose in medicine, sports, and other fields. It is used extensively with autistic children. The effectiveness of video modelling in changing dental anxiety level has not been studied previously in a randomized controlled trial. Children receiving dental treatment with local anesthesia were evaluated to see if video modelling influenced their anxiety level. Methods.—The 180 children were between ages 6 and 12 years and were scheduled to have dental treatments under local anesthesia (LA). They were randomly assigned to view a modelling video or control video, which showed oral hygiene instruction, and the level of anxiety was recorded before and after watching the video. The Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) was used to evaluate anxiety level. The child’s ability to
318
Dental Abstracts
cope with the subsequent procedure was then assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Assessments were performed when the child was in the waiting room, entering the dental clinic, sitting on the dental chair, undergoing the dental examination with a mirror, undergoing tooth polishing/fissure sealing, and having the LA injection, undergoing tooth drilling, and/or in a tooth extraction. Results.—Total scores on the dental portion of the ACDAS were between 13 and 39. A significant difference
Fig 2.—Mean VAS at each of eight stages for both groups. (Courtesy of Al-Namankany A, Petrie A, Ashley P: Video modelling and reducing anxiety related to dental injections—a randomized clinical trial. Br Dent J 216:675-679, 2014.)
was noted in the ACDAS score from the first to the second visit between the test group and the control group regarding how they felt about having a pinch feeling in their gum. The summary of the VAS scores over the clinical stages (Fig 2) indicated the children who saw the behavior-modifying video had significantly less anxiety than the children in the control group throughout the procedure they underwent. The difference in anxiety was especially notable at the time of LA administration. Discussion.—The test group was more successful in managing dental anxiety and dealing with fear of the unknown than the control group. A significant difference between the two groups was found on the VAS throughout the rest of the dental treatment process.
Clinical Significance.—Video modelling offers a potentially effective way to diminish dental anxiety, particularly for the administration of LA. In addition, the participants believed the video was well done and of high quality.
Al-Namankany A, Petrie A, Ashley P: Video modelling and reducing anxiety related to dental injections—a randomized clinical trial. Br Dent J 216:675-679, 2014. Reprints available from A Al-Namankany; e-mail: a.alnamankany@ yahoo.com
Tweeting about pain experiences Background.—Pain is reported to affect 100 million adults and costs $560 to $635 billion each year. Orofacial pain may be responsible for up to 40% of the annual costs associated with chronic pain. Toothaches are the most prevalent dental problem and are experienced by 26% of US adults. Even though toothaches are described as painful and having negative effects on the quality of life, between 30% and 54% of people who report toothaches do not seek dental care. Cost-related reasons account for about a third of unmet dental care needs in persons who have toothaches. The reasons for underutilization of dental care should be understood from the patient’s perspective to identify effective channels to reach people who need dental care. A study of self-reported toothache pain compared to three other common types of pain was conducted using the social media service Twitter. Methods.—Twitter offers the opportunity to track health activity or concerns of public health significance. A total of 508,591 relevant tweets were collected on 7 nonconsecutive days, then 1204 tweets, 301 per pain type, were randomly selected. The four types of pain were toothache, backache, earache, and headache. A content analysis of each tweet was then performed and the results compared. Results.—The terms used most often in the final data set (Fig) included back, hurts, hurt, ear, and headache. About half of the final sample of tweets (40.6%) originated from North America. All tweets were coded for
pain intensity. The most frequently coded primary categories after pain intensity were action taken, cause, and effect. These four categories were used to structure the analysis. In 5.3% of the tweets, pain was described as severe, in 33.6% it was moderate, in 29.3% it was mild, and in 31.7% it was neutral—or included no pain intensity. Using a dichotomatous pain intensity variable model (high is moderate to severe and low is mild or neutral), 39.0% described their pain as high intensity and tended to use the high pain level label in a significantly greater number of tweets that dealt with toothaches and backaches compared to those dealing with earaches and headaches. The latter two were described in similar terms with respect to pain intensity. In 13.0% of tweets, Twitter users mentioned an action taken to relieve the pain. In 5.2% they mentioned seeking health care or using medication for the pain. In 59.4%, Twitter users mentioned using home- or selfcare actions to relieve the pain, including going to sleep or getting a massage. Just five Twitter users (0.03%) mentioned experiencing pain relief from the action taken. Those who described high-intensity pain had greater odds of describing seeking health care or using medication than other groups of users. Tweets from people with toothache were more likely to report seeking health care than tweets from people who suffered backache or headache. People with toothaches or earaches had higher and similar odds of seeking health care or using medications.
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2014
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immediately after consuming smoothies. Instead they should wait at least 1 hour. In addition, they can rinse with water or fluoride solution to neutralize and dilute the acid, chew gum to stimulate saliva secretion, and drink the smoothie chilled.
Ali H, Tahmassebi JF: The effects of smoothies on enamel erosion: An in situ study. Int J Paediatr Dent 24:184-191, 2014 Reprints available from J Tahmassebi, Dept of Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds Dental Inst, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Dental Pain and Anxiety Video modelling Background.—Dental anxiety develops over time and is influenced by several variables. It most likely begins in childhood and is relatively common in children. The most cited reason for dental anxiety is fear of the dental injection, followed by extraction and drilling tooth tissue. Dental anxiety is usually associated with a high rate of caries and a need for oral rehabilitation. Thus dental anxiety is a barrier to carrying out dental treatment safely and simply in a dental practice. General dental practitioners also see dental anxiety as a major cause of stress. The efficiency of treatment can be interrupted frequently by an anxious patient, so even the economics of dental practice can be impacted by dental anxiety. Video modelling offers a way to change behavior and has been used for this purpose in medicine, sports, and other fields. It is used extensively with autistic children. The effectiveness of video modelling in changing dental anxiety level has not been studied previously in a randomized controlled trial. Children receiving dental treatment with local anesthesia were evaluated to see if video modelling influenced their anxiety level. Methods.—The 180 children were between ages 6 and 12 years and were scheduled to have dental treatments under local anesthesia (LA). They were randomly assigned to view a modelling video or control video, which showed oral hygiene instruction, and the level of anxiety was recorded before and after watching the video. The Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) was used to evaluate anxiety level. The child’s ability to
318
Dental Abstracts
cope with the subsequent procedure was then assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Assessments were performed when the child was in the waiting room, entering the dental clinic, sitting on the dental chair, undergoing the dental examination with a mirror, undergoing tooth polishing/fissure sealing, and having the LA injection, undergoing tooth drilling, and/or in a tooth extraction. Results.—Total scores on the dental portion of the ACDAS were between 13 and 39. A significant difference
Fig 2.—Mean VAS at each of eight stages for both groups. (Courtesy of Al-Namankany A, Petrie A, Ashley P: Video modelling and reducing anxiety related to dental injections—a randomized clinical trial. Br Dent J 216:675-679, 2014.)
was noted in the ACDAS score from the first to the second visit between the test group and the control group regarding how they felt about having a pinch feeling in their gum. The summary of the VAS scores over the clinical stages (Fig 2) indicated the children who saw the behavior-modifying video had significantly less anxiety than the children in the control group throughout the procedure they underwent. The difference in anxiety was especially notable at the time of LA administration. Discussion.—The test group was more successful in managing dental anxiety and dealing with fear of the unknown than the control group. A significant difference between the two groups was found on the VAS throughout the rest of the dental treatment process.
Clinical Significance.—Video modelling offers a potentially effective way to diminish dental anxiety, particularly for the administration of LA. In addition, the participants believed the video was well done and of high quality.
Al-Namankany A, Petrie A, Ashley P: Video modelling and reducing anxiety related to dental injections—a randomized clinical trial. Br Dent J 216:675-679, 2014. Reprints available from A Al-Namankany; e-mail: a.alnamankany@ yahoo.com
Tweeting about pain experiences Background.—Pain is reported to affect 100 million adults and costs $560 to $635 billion each year. Orofacial pain may be responsible for up to 40% of the annual costs associated with chronic pain. Toothaches are the most prevalent dental problem and are experienced by 26% of US adults. Even though toothaches are described as painful and having negative effects on the quality of life, between 30% and 54% of people who report toothaches do not seek dental care. Cost-related reasons account for about a third of unmet dental care needs in persons who have toothaches. The reasons for underutilization of dental care should be understood from the patient’s perspective to identify effective channels to reach people who need dental care. A study of self-reported toothache pain compared to three other common types of pain was conducted using the social media service Twitter. Methods.—Twitter offers the opportunity to track health activity or concerns of public health significance. A total of 508,591 relevant tweets were collected on 7 nonconsecutive days, then 1204 tweets, 301 per pain type, were randomly selected. The four types of pain were toothache, backache, earache, and headache. A content analysis of each tweet was then performed and the results compared. Results.—The terms used most often in the final data set (Fig) included back, hurts, hurt, ear, and headache. About half of the final sample of tweets (40.6%) originated from North America. All tweets were coded for
pain intensity. The most frequently coded primary categories after pain intensity were action taken, cause, and effect. These four categories were used to structure the analysis. In 5.3% of the tweets, pain was described as severe, in 33.6% it was moderate, in 29.3% it was mild, and in 31.7% it was neutral—or included no pain intensity. Using a dichotomatous pain intensity variable model (high is moderate to severe and low is mild or neutral), 39.0% described their pain as high intensity and tended to use the high pain level label in a significantly greater number of tweets that dealt with toothaches and backaches compared to those dealing with earaches and headaches. The latter two were described in similar terms with respect to pain intensity. In 13.0% of tweets, Twitter users mentioned an action taken to relieve the pain. In 5.2% they mentioned seeking health care or using medication for the pain. In 59.4%, Twitter users mentioned using home- or selfcare actions to relieve the pain, including going to sleep or getting a massage. Just five Twitter users (0.03%) mentioned experiencing pain relief from the action taken. Those who described high-intensity pain had greater odds of describing seeking health care or using medication than other groups of users. Tweets from people with toothache were more likely to report seeking health care than tweets from people who suffered backache or headache. People with toothaches or earaches had higher and similar odds of seeking health care or using medications.
Volume 59
Issue 6
2014
319