- Email: [email protected]
Visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya
Oral Sessions I Parasitology International 47 (SuppI.) (1998) 133-281
o-o275 VIXERPl LEI~IASIS
& ,DiPii , ?1?1!,, *
IN KENYA
(+*If%4-mxi,A.(**), Cma,J.(*)
*Divisionof VectorBorneDiseases,Ministryof Health, Nairobi,Kenya **Divisionof GeoorachicMedicine,Schoolof kdicine, CaseWsternReserveU-Wersitv,Cleveland,OH,USA Areviewof visceral leistmniasis (VL)ih Kenyafor the Past centuryand an updateof the incidenceof the diseases from~.~&lishedrecordsmd fromspecific SurveVsin ooculaticm in endemicareas is described. This includesah update in the eoidmiologyand newer strat ies and tools fordimsing. treating and mtroe9lit-toM, and possible eradication fromsane endemicml epidemicfoci. Currentdata suggesta decline in diseases incidehce in foci of VLin the eastern cart of the ccmtry where a mtxr of outbreakswererecordedbetween19%and 1980,ml an irmase in sane erdemicareas in the north-westernpart of the cmtry, Recentchangesin the epidemiology and tra-missim is described, includingsane social and ecamic amcts, and possible coinfectim with HIV. This has an inmrtmt bearingon sustainablecontrol and nmament of the disease.
O-0278
O-0276 THE
EFFECT
OF
CHEMOTHERAPY
AND
TRAPPING
ON
ANIMAL
tygut1ene
SOME DATA ON TICKS INFECI-IOUSNESS TRYPANOSOMA SPP.
WITH
M
INFECTION RATES IN S.E.VGANDA. Centre of Commumcable Three hundred and suty animals were monitored for trypanosomosu infection rates once a month for 8 months in Namwendwa sub-county Kamuh Distrw
All animals received injections of dimzinc
South Fast Uganda.
acetate 7mg 1 kg im immedxaely after collection
of baseline da@. Prevalence of animal rrypar~~somosis was 15 7% and rcductvxn of 77.990 after blanket rreaunenr.
Posllive cases detected during monitoring Ihe infection rates. were
seated using rhe sane dmg and dosage as above
fhere was frawatmn in mfection rate dung
the momlormg
period of 8 months from 3%
and Control, Vdnws. Llthuama
Between 1991 and 1997. more than 3200 lxodlds collected in 106 locallttes of Ldhuania as well as removed from patients, were examined The bowel smears were prepared in accordance wdh the confirmed methodlcs (Lletuvos 1992). stained with Glemsas stain and with cristal violet later on. Trypanosoms @mast&ate, promasbgote and epimaabgole) were detected m one (1 .a%) of 55 lxodes ocinus bcks collected in the Palangos miikas forest I” the North-Western Ldhuarw in 1992 the Pravieniikq makkas forest (mtd Ldhuania) in 1996 these parasds were registered in one (3.7%) of 27 1. ncinus ex.unined in 1996. in 1007 Jrypanosoma were found I” one (8.3%) of 12 specimens of i.nonus collected !n the forest between the Preda and Pervalka settlments in Nermga (Western Lithuania) Ticks Dennacenlor pi&us I” these three localities were not presented and in other samples (about 200 Individuals) they were not infected Thus among more than 3000 individuals of 1. ricinus examined, Trypanosoma were found an 3 specmens (0 1%)
In
14.7%.
Xorsim foscupis fowupis was conlrollcd by trappmg usmg Lancien pyramidal traps II 190 ncy~resfrom each other Ius trypanoromos~r control srrategy was noi veiy effeclwe 10bung Ihc infalmn
I Deeds to
Deseases Prevention
bodidae this are examining tn the Parasltlc C&eases Department of the Centre of Communicable Deseases Prevention and Control for establishment of possible presence of Bonelia burgdoffed III the ticks and for Lyme desease prc~gnose and prophylactics in Lithuania The Flagettate protozoa I” the smears of hck bowels prepared for the named purpouse have been detected and were ldentlfied being Trypanosoma spp (Kinefoplaslida. T!ypanosomafidaeJ.
rates down
mtegrare it with other technologies in order co achieve better results. This IS a tlrst report of lhe regtstration of species of Jrypanosoma nn ticks Only tnsects (O~pfera and Hemrplera) have been confirmed bemg vectors of Jrypanosoma httherto Probably. Ixodldae ticks are further blood-suckers with can Iransmite trypanoscmoses. It is interestmg to note that in 1984, J~panosoma (Megatrypanum) sp (Kmgslon, Bobek, 1985) was registered paras,t,“g I” 88% of roe deer (Capreolus Capleoius) tn Poland Vectors of the parasde are unknown It wouM be needful to collect tunher material for compara!on of thts Trypanosoma wth one found I” lxodes ncinus
o-o275 VIXERPl LEI~IASIS
& ,DiPii , ?1?1!,, *
IN KENYA
(+*If%4-mxi,A.(**), Cma,J.(*)
*Divisionof VectorBorneDiseases,Ministryof Health, Nairobi,Kenya **Divisionof GeoorachicMedicine,Schoolof kdicine, CaseWsternReserveU-Wersitv,Cleveland,OH,USA Areviewof visceral leistmniasis (VL)ih Kenyafor the Past centuryand an updateof the incidenceof the diseases from~.~&lishedrecordsmd fromspecific SurveVsin ooculaticm in endemicareas is described. This includesah update in the eoidmiologyand newer strat ies and tools fordimsing. treating and mtroe9lit-toM, and possible eradication fromsane endemicml epidemicfoci. Currentdata suggesta decline in diseases incidehce in foci of VLin the eastern cart of the ccmtry where a mtxr of outbreakswererecordedbetween19%and 1980,ml an irmase in sane erdemicareas in the north-westernpart of the cmtry, Recentchangesin the epidemiology and tra-missim is described, includingsane social and ecamic amcts, and possible coinfectim with HIV. This has an inmrtmt bearingon sustainablecontrol and nmament of the disease.
O-0278
O-0276 THE
EFFECT
OF
CHEMOTHERAPY
AND
TRAPPING
ON
ANIMAL
tygut1ene
SOME DATA ON TICKS INFECI-IOUSNESS TRYPANOSOMA SPP.
WITH
M
INFECTION RATES IN S.E.VGANDA. Centre of Commumcable Three hundred and suty animals were monitored for trypanosomosu infection rates once a month for 8 months in Namwendwa sub-county Kamuh Distrw
All animals received injections of dimzinc
South Fast Uganda.
acetate 7mg 1 kg im immedxaely after collection
of baseline da@. Prevalence of animal rrypar~~somosis was 15 7% and rcductvxn of 77.990 after blanket rreaunenr.
Posllive cases detected during monitoring Ihe infection rates. were
seated using rhe sane dmg and dosage as above
fhere was frawatmn in mfection rate dung
the momlormg
period of 8 months from 3%
and Control, Vdnws. Llthuama
Between 1991 and 1997. more than 3200 lxodlds collected in 106 locallttes of Ldhuania as well as removed from patients, were examined The bowel smears were prepared in accordance wdh the confirmed methodlcs (Lletuvos 1992). stained with Glemsas stain and with cristal violet later on. Trypanosoms @mast&ate, promasbgote and epimaabgole) were detected m one (1 .a%) of 55 lxodes ocinus bcks collected in the Palangos miikas forest I” the North-Western Ldhuarw in 1992 the Pravieniikq makkas forest (mtd Ldhuania) in 1996 these parasds were registered in one (3.7%) of 27 1. ncinus ex.unined in 1996. in 1007 Jrypanosoma were found I” one (8.3%) of 12 specimens of i.nonus collected !n the forest between the Preda and Pervalka settlments in Nermga (Western Lithuania) Ticks Dennacenlor pi&us I” these three localities were not presented and in other samples (about 200 Individuals) they were not infected Thus among more than 3000 individuals of 1. ricinus examined, Trypanosoma were found an 3 specmens (0 1%)
In
14.7%.
Xorsim foscupis fowupis was conlrollcd by trappmg usmg Lancien pyramidal traps II 190 ncy~resfrom each other Ius trypanoromos~r control srrategy was noi veiy effeclwe 10bung Ihc infalmn
I Deeds to
Deseases Prevention
bodidae this are examining tn the Parasltlc C&eases Department of the Centre of Communicable Deseases Prevention and Control for establishment of possible presence of Bonelia burgdoffed III the ticks and for Lyme desease prc~gnose and prophylactics in Lithuania The Flagettate protozoa I” the smears of hck bowels prepared for the named purpouse have been detected and were ldentlfied being Trypanosoma spp (Kinefoplaslida. T!ypanosomafidaeJ.
rates down
mtegrare it with other technologies in order co achieve better results. This IS a tlrst report of lhe regtstration of species of Jrypanosoma nn ticks Only tnsects (O~pfera and Hemrplera) have been confirmed bemg vectors of Jrypanosoma httherto Probably. Ixodldae ticks are further blood-suckers with can Iransmite trypanoscmoses. It is interestmg to note that in 1984, J~panosoma (Megatrypanum) sp (Kmgslon, Bobek, 1985) was registered paras,t,“g I” 88% of roe deer (Capreolus Capleoius) tn Poland Vectors of the parasde are unknown It wouM be needful to collect tunher material for compara!on of thts Trypanosoma wth one found I” lxodes ncinus