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Visual-motor organization in Minimal Brain Dysfunction (MBD) children
thesis. hypothermia, hypoxia or convulsions) applied after presentation of the gustatory CS and before, during or shortly after application of the visceral US. The present study describes reliable CTA disruption induced in rats which have received immediately after 15 min exposure to novel taste bilateral injections of 10 ng tetrodotoxin (TTX) into the parahrachial nuclei followed by i.p. injection of LiCI. A retention test performed 2 days later revealed strong CTA in control rats receiving intracerebral injection of saline but no <‘TA in the TTX treated animals. TTX injections I or more mm rostral. caudal or ventral from the parahrachial nuclei were less effective or ineffective. CTA was also disrupted by parabrachial TTX injection applied up to 4 days but not 8 days after and one day but not 2 or more days hefore CTA acquisition. CTA consolidation proceeded faster after repeated CS-US pairings. The TTX disruption was similar when using LiCI, cycloheximide. D-amphetamine or carhachol as the US and saccharin or NaCl as the CS. It IS concluded that consolidation of the permanent CTA engram takes several days and can be disrupted by prolonged blockade of impulse activity in the parabrachial nuclei and adjacent hrainstcm centers.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING OF NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY (NKCA) IN HUMANS - REPLICATION AND EXTENSION OF PREVIOUS RESULTS A. Buske-Kirschbaum *. C. Kirschbaum *, J. Hennig ‘, H. Stierle # and D.H. Hellhammer * * University of Trier, Dept. I. Trier, F.R.G. and # Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Briider, Nordallee 3, Trier. F.R.G. Behavioral conditioning techniques are frequently employed to demonstrate an involvement of the central nervous system in physiological processes. Recent data suggest that the activity of the immune system in animals can also he influenced by classical conditioning. However, $0 far no results are available concerning the modulation of the immune system hy conditioning in man. Recent results from our laboratory now suggest the modifiability of the human immune activity by a hehavioral conditioning protocol. The present study was designed to replicate and extend our previous findings with additional controls. Healthy subjects (II = 24) were randomly distributed into four experimental groups. Conditioned subjects (II = 6) rcceived a sherhet sweet (conditioned stimulus, CS) immediately followed by a subcutanous injection of 0.2 mg adrenaline (unconditioned stimulus. US) on four consecutive days. After I5 min adrenaline administration results in a Ggnificunt incrcasr of natural killer cell activity (NKCA; unconditioned response, UR). Two control groups were exposed to the sherbet sweet (a) in combination with a saline injection (saline control; ,I = 6) or (h) followed by adrenaline injection hut in a non-paired manner (non-paired control; II = 6). In order to control the effect of a daily regimen including adrenaline
administration and a pos\ihle residual effect a third control group (II = 6) received the sherbet sweet followed hy adrenaline injection on all five days. On conditioning day 5 all experimental groups were provided with the sweet and injection of saline. Conditioned subjects reexposed to the CS
VISUAL-MOTOR ORGANIZATION IN BRAIN DYSFUNCTION (MBD) CHILDREN Cakirpaloglu, P. and Radii. T. Institute of Physiology Czechoslovak. Prague
Academy
MINIMAL
of Sciences.
The task of 3rd and 4th grade healthy and MBD boy? (recruited from special classes) was to reproduce certain combnation\ of symbols (made up of meaningless patterns. numhera and letters) displayed on a computer scope hy pushing with four fingers of the right hand (except the thumb) the corresponding key on the computer keyboard. Visual control of the fingers was prevented. The reaction time CRT) for sets with I. 2 and 3 symbols in healthy hoya were shortest for meaningless stimuli, longer for numbers and longest for letters. All RT-s were longer for MBD children. however. no significant difference was found in the MBD groups between meaningless stimuli and numbers, the RT-s for letters being maximal. In healthy children shortening of RT for meaningless stimuli and letters (and no change for numhrrs) was seen comparing the 3rd and 4th grade class. In MBD children no ruch improvement could he revealed.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SLEEP AND TWO PSYCHOLINGUISTIC DREAM REPORTS
CHARACTERISTICS MEASURES OF
M. Casagrande, C. Violani. F. Lucidi. P. Vereni and M. Bertini Dipartimento di I%icologia, liniveraita di Roma ‘La Sapienza‘. Roma. Italia Based on a cognitive psycholinguistic model we have defined two sets of syntactical-lexical categorir\ aimed at indicating the contribution of two modalities of thought, defined as Y and X. to the verbal reports of dreams; modality Y is related to holistic processes and deals with fundamental semantic information, modality X is related to analytic processch and implies the activation of more complex linguistic systems [l]. Previous investigations have shown the factorial validity of the two sets of measures [2] and their ability to discriminate
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING OF NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY (NKCA) IN HUMANS - REPLICATION AND EXTENSION OF PREVIOUS RESULTS A. Buske-Kirschbaum *. C. Kirschbaum *, J. Hennig ‘, H. Stierle # and D.H. Hellhammer * * University of Trier, Dept. I. Trier, F.R.G. and # Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Briider, Nordallee 3, Trier. F.R.G. Behavioral conditioning techniques are frequently employed to demonstrate an involvement of the central nervous system in physiological processes. Recent data suggest that the activity of the immune system in animals can also he influenced by classical conditioning. However, $0 far no results are available concerning the modulation of the immune system hy conditioning in man. Recent results from our laboratory now suggest the modifiability of the human immune activity by a hehavioral conditioning protocol. The present study was designed to replicate and extend our previous findings with additional controls. Healthy subjects (II = 24) were randomly distributed into four experimental groups. Conditioned subjects (II = 6) rcceived a sherhet sweet (conditioned stimulus, CS) immediately followed by a subcutanous injection of 0.2 mg adrenaline (unconditioned stimulus. US) on four consecutive days. After I5 min adrenaline administration results in a Ggnificunt incrcasr of natural killer cell activity (NKCA; unconditioned response, UR). Two control groups were exposed to the sherbet sweet (a) in combination with a saline injection (saline control; ,I = 6) or (h) followed by adrenaline injection hut in a non-paired manner (non-paired control; II = 6). In order to control the effect of a daily regimen including adrenaline
administration and a pos\ihle residual effect a third control group (II = 6) received the sherbet sweet followed hy adrenaline injection on all five days. On conditioning day 5 all experimental groups were provided with the sweet and injection of saline. Conditioned subjects reexposed to the CS
VISUAL-MOTOR ORGANIZATION IN BRAIN DYSFUNCTION (MBD) CHILDREN Cakirpaloglu, P. and Radii. T. Institute of Physiology Czechoslovak. Prague
Academy
MINIMAL
of Sciences.
The task of 3rd and 4th grade healthy and MBD boy? (recruited from special classes) was to reproduce certain combnation\ of symbols (made up of meaningless patterns. numhera and letters) displayed on a computer scope hy pushing with four fingers of the right hand (except the thumb) the corresponding key on the computer keyboard. Visual control of the fingers was prevented. The reaction time CRT) for sets with I. 2 and 3 symbols in healthy hoya were shortest for meaningless stimuli, longer for numbers and longest for letters. All RT-s were longer for MBD children. however. no significant difference was found in the MBD groups between meaningless stimuli and numbers, the RT-s for letters being maximal. In healthy children shortening of RT for meaningless stimuli and letters (and no change for numhrrs) was seen comparing the 3rd and 4th grade class. In MBD children no ruch improvement could he revealed.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SLEEP AND TWO PSYCHOLINGUISTIC DREAM REPORTS
CHARACTERISTICS MEASURES OF
M. Casagrande, C. Violani. F. Lucidi. P. Vereni and M. Bertini Dipartimento di I%icologia, liniveraita di Roma ‘La Sapienza‘. Roma. Italia Based on a cognitive psycholinguistic model we have defined two sets of syntactical-lexical categorir\ aimed at indicating the contribution of two modalities of thought, defined as Y and X. to the verbal reports of dreams; modality Y is related to holistic processes and deals with fundamental semantic information, modality X is related to analytic processch and implies the activation of more complex linguistic systems [l]. Previous investigations have shown the factorial validity of the two sets of measures [2] and their ability to discriminate