Volume 33 Index

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS Editors-in-Chief Rik Huiskes and Richard A. Brand

VOLUME 33 2000

INDEX

PII: S 0 0 2 1 - 9 2 9 0 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 0 4 9 - 5

Journal of Biomechanics A⁄liated with the American Society of Biomechanics, the European Society of Biomechanics, the International Society of Biomechanics and the Japanese Society for Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research

Editors-in-Chief Rik Huiskes Biomechanics Section, Institute of Orthopaedics, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen,The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Richard A. Brand Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 01022 John Pappajohn Pavilion, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1009, USA. E-mail: [email protected]

Book Review Editor Richard A. Brand (see address above)

Editorial Board Surveys Editor Joan E. Bechtold Midwest Orthopaedic Research Foundation, MN, USA ASB Representatives Joan E. Bechtold Midwest Orthopaedic Research Foundation, MN, USA R. L. Lieber, University of California and Veterans A¡airs Medical Centers, CA, USA ESB Representatives Georges van der Perre, University of Leuven, Belgium P. Prendergast,Trinity College, Ireland

ISB Representatives Benno M. Nigg, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada John P. Paul, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Independent Members John D. Currey, University ofYork, UK Masaaki Sato,Tohoku University, Japan Erich Schneider, AO Research Institute, CH-7270 Daves, Switzerland N.Westerhof,VU Amsterdam,The Netherlands

Editorial Consultants Gunnar B. J. Andersson, USA Gerard A. Ateshian, USA Necip Berme, USA Maarten F. Bobbert,The Netherlands Harvey S. Borovetz, USA Thomas D. Brown, USA John B. Brunski, USA Thomas Buchanan, USA David B. Burr, USA Krishnan B. Chandran, USA L. Claes, Germany Stephen C. Cowin, USA Joseph J. Crisco III, USA Warren Darling, USA Kevin Dellsperger, USA Scott Delp, USA Patrice Flaud, France

Cyril B. Frank, Canada David P. Fyhrie, USA Steven A. Goldstein, USA Mark D. Grabiner, USA Farshid Guilak, USA Roger C. Haut, USA J. H. Heegaard, USA Walter Herzog, Canada Shunji Hirokawa, Japan Allen H. Ho¡man, USA P. A. Huijing,The Netherlands Jay D. Humphrey, USA J. Jurvelin, Finland Tony M. Keaveny, USA Hakan Lanshammar, Sweden J. M. Mansour, USA R. Bruce Martin, USA

Toshio Moritani, Japan Van C. Mow, USA Karl Perktold, Austria Michael R. Pierrynowski, Canada Brian Ray, USA Lori A. Setton, UK Nigel Shrive, Canada Louis J. Soslowsky, USA Nikos Stergiopulos, Switzerland Ian A. F. Stokes, USA ScottTashman, USA H. M. Toussaint,The Netherlands I. N.Verdonschot,The Netherlands Peter S.Walker, UK Savio L.-Y.Woo, USA

Author Enquiries: For enquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission), the status of accepted articles through our Online Article Status Information System (OASIS), author FrequentlyAsked Qustions and any other enquiries relating to Elsevier Science, please consult http://www.elsevier.com/locate/authors/ For speci¢c enquiries on the preparation of electronic artwork, consult http://www.elsevier.com/locate/authorartwork/ Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided when an article is accepted for publication.

Published monthly Publication Information: Journal of Biomechanics (ISSN 0021-9290). For 2001,Volume 34 is scheduled for publication. Subscription prices are available upon request from the publisher or from the Regional Sales O⁄ce nearest to you or from this journal’s website (http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/jbiomech). Further information is available on this journal and other Elsevier Science products through Elsevier’s website: (http://www.elsevier.nl). Subscriptions are accepted on a prepaid basis only and are entered on a calendar year basis. Issues are sent by standard mail (surface within Europe, air delivery outside Europe). Priority rates are available upon request. Claims for missing issues should be made within 6 months of the date of dispatch. Advertising information. Advertising orders and enquiries can be sent to: USA, Canada and South America: MrT|no de Carlo,The Advertising Department, Elsevier Science Inc., 655 Avenue of the Americas, NewYork, NY 10010-5107, USA; phone: (+1) (212) 633 3815; fax: (+1) (212) 633 3820; e-mail: [email protected]. Japan: The Advertising Department, Elsevier Science K.K., 9-15 Higashi-Azabu 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; phone: (+81) (3) 5561 5033; fax: (+81) (3) 5561 5047. Europe and ROW: Rachel Leveson-Gower, The Advertising Department, Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK; phone: (+44) (1865) 843565; fax: (+44) (1865) 843976; e-mail: [email protected] Orders, claims, and product enquiries: please contact the Customer Support Department at the Regional Sales O⁄ce nearest you: NewYork: Elsevier Science, PO Box 945, NewYork, NY10159-0945, USA; phone: (+1) (212) 633 3730 [toll free number for North American customers: 1-888-4ES-INFO (437-4636)]; fax: (+1) (212) 633 3680; e-mail: [email protected] Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam,The Netherlands; phone: (+31) 20 4853757; fax: (+31) 20 4853432; e-mail: [email protected] Tokyo: Elsevier Science, 9-15 Higashi-Azabu 1-chome, Minato-ku,Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; phone: (+81) (3) 55615033; fax: (+81) (3) 55615047; e-mail: [email protected] Singapore: Elsevier Science, No.1Temasek Avenue, 17-01MilleniaTower, Singapore 039192; phone: (+65) 434 3727; fax: (+65) 337 2230; e-mail: asiainfotelsevier.com.sg Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier Science, Rua Sete de Setembro 111/16 Andar, 20050-002 Centro, Rio de Janeiro ^ RJ, Brazil; phone: (+55) (21) 509 5340; fax: (+55) (21) 507 1991; e-mail: [email protected] [Note (Latin America): for orders, claims and help desk information, please contact the Regional Sales O⁄ce in NewYork as listed above] Periodicals postage paid at Rahway, New Jersey. Journal of Biomechanics (ISSN 0021-9290) is published monthly by Elsevier Science Ltd.,The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. The annual subscription in the USA is $2174.00. Journal of Biomechanics is circulated by Mercury International Limited, 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001, USA. POSTMASTER: Please send address corrections to: Journal of Biomechanics, c/o Customer Services, Elsevier Science Inc., 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

Volume 33 (2000) Volume 33 Number 1

January 2000

Editorial F. Guilak, M. Sato, C. M. Stanford and R. A. Brand

1

Cell Mechanics

3

Techniques for mechanical stimulation of cells in vitro: a review

Review Papers T. D. Brown R. M. Hochmuth

15

Micropipette aspiration of living cells

C. Zhu

23

Kinetics and mechanics of cell adhesion

C. Dong and X. X. Lei

35

Biomechanics of cell rolling: shear £ow, cell-surface adhesion, and cell deformability

D. Kaspar,W. Seidl, C. Neidlinger-Wilke, A. Ignatius and L. Claes

45

Dynamic cell stretching increases human osteoblast proliferation and CICP synthesis but decreases osteocalcin synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity

M. Joldersma, E. H. Burger, C. M. Semeins and J. Klein-Nulend

53

Mechanical stress induces COX-2 mRNA expression in bone cells from elderly women

C. M. Stanford, F.Welsch, N. Kastner, G. Thomas, R. Zaharias, K. Holtman and R.A. Brand

63

Primary human bone cultures from older patients do not respond at continuum levels of in vivo strain magnitudes

C. T. Hung, D. Ross Henshaw, C.-B.Wang, R. L. Mauck, F. Raia, G. Palmer, P.-H. Grace Chao,V.C. Mow, A. Ratcli¡e and W.B.Valhmu

73

Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in bovine articular chondrocytes in response to £uid £ow does not require calcium mobilization

D. A. Lee, M. M. Knight, J. F. Bolton, B. D. Idowu, M.V. Kayser and D. L. Bader

81

Chondrocyte deformation within compressed agarose constructs at the cellular and sub-cellular levels

H. Miyazaki,Y. Hasegawa and K. Hayashi

97

A newly designed tensile tester for cells and its application to ¢broblasts

Y. Cheng, C. A. Hartemink, J. H. Hartwig and C. Forbes Dewey Jr.

105

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the actin cytoskeleton from stereo images

T. Yamaguchi,Y. Yamamoto and H. Liu

115

Computational mechanical model studies on the spontaneous emergent morphogenesis of the cultured endothelial cells

M. Sato, K. Nagayama, N. Kataoka, M. Sasaki and K. Hane

127

Local mechanical properties measured by atomic force microscopy for cultured bovine endothelial cells exposed to shear stress

General Papers

Volume 33 Number 2 R. Botnar, G. Rappitsch, M. Beat Scheidegger, D. Liepsch, K. Perktold and P. Boesiger

February 2000 137

Hemodynamics in the carotid artery bifurcation: a comparison between numerical simulations and in vitro MRI measurements

IV

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

L.Q. Zhang and G.W. Nuber

145

Moment distribution among human elbow extensor muscles during isometric and submaximal extension

R.R. Neptune, S.A. Kautz and F.E. Zajac

155

Muscle contributions to speci¢c biomechanical functions do not change in forward versus backward pedaling

R.R. Neptune and W. Herzog

165

Adaptation of muscle coordination to altered task mechanics during steady-state cycling

A.P. Marsh, P. E. Martin and D.J. Sanderson

173

Is a joint moment-based cost function associated with preferred cycling cadence?

. J. Ivarsson, D.C.V|ano, P. Lovsund and B. Aldman

181

Strain relief from the cerebral ventricles during head impact: experimental studies on natural protection of the brain

R.W. Nightingale, D.L. Camacho, A. J. Armstrong, J.J. Robinette and B.S. Myers

191

Inertial properties and loading rates a¡ect buckling modes and injury mechanisms in the cervical spine

Z.B. Gao, S. Pandya, N. Hosein, M.S. Sacks and N.H.C. Hwang

199

Bioprosthetic heart valve lea£et motion monitored by dual camera stereo photogrammetry

J.H. Keyak and S.A. Rossi

209

Prediction of femoral fracture load using ¢nite element models: an examination of stress- and strainbased failure theories

M. Ito, H. Akima and T. Fukunaga

215

In vivo moment arm determination using B-mode ultrasonography

W. Liu and B.M. Nigg

219

A mechanical model to determine the in£uence of masses and mass distribution on the impact force during running

R.E. Hughes

225

E¡ect of optimization criterion on spinal force estimates during asymmetric lifting

M.J. Silva and S.R. Ulrich

231

In vitro sodium £uoride exposure decreases torsional and bending strength and increases ductility of mouse femora

M.C. Tsili

235

Theoretical solutions for internal bone remodeling of diaphyseal shafts using adaptive elasticity theory

D. Hawkins

241

A new instrumentation system for training rowers

M.L. KnotheTate and U. Knothe

247

An ex vivo model to study transport processes and £uid £ow in loaded bone

G.T. Charras and R.E. Guldberg

255

Improving the local solution accuracy of large-scale digital image-based ¢nite element analyses

261

Letter to the Editor

263

Author’s Response

205

Book review

Techinical note

Volume 33 Number 3 B. De Wit, D. De Clercq and P. Aerts

March 2000 269

Biomechanical analysis of the stance phase during barefoot and shod running

V

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

L. Cristofolini and M.Viceconti

279

Mechanical validation of whole bone composite tibia models

M. Stenstr˛m, B. Olander, D. Lehto-Axtelius, J.E. Madsen, L. Nordsletten and G.A. Carlsson

289

Bone mineral density and bone structure parameters as predictors of bone strength: an analysis using computerized microtomography and gastrectomy-induced osteopenia in the rat

P. Segers and P.Verdonck

299

Role of tapering in aortic wave re£ection: hydraulic and mathematical model study

M. Beek, J.H. Koolstra, L.J. van Ruijven and T.M.G.J. van Eijden

307

Three-dimensional ¢nite element analysis of the human temporomandibular joint disc

S.P. Fritton, K. J. McLeod and C.T. Rubin

317

Quantifying the strain history of bone: spatial uniformity and self-similarity of low-magnitude strains

I.A. Anderson and J.B. Carman

327

How do changes to plate thickness, length, and faceconnectivity a¡ect femoral cancellous bone’s density and surface area? An investigation using regular cellular models

G.C. Reilly and J.D. Currey

337

The e¡ects of damage and microcracking on the impact strength of bone

J.E. Novotny, B.D. Beynnon and C.E. Nichols

345

Modeling the stability of the human glenohumeral joint during external rotation

J.-B. Zhang and Z.-B. Kuang

355

Study on blood constitutive parameters in di¡erent blood constitutive equations

E.K.J. Chadwick, A.C. Nicol, S. Floyd and T.G.F. Gray

361

A telemetry-based device to determine the force^displacement behaviour of materials in high impact loading situations

K. Miller

367

Constitutive modelling of abdominal organs

C.N. Maganaris

375

In vivo measurement-based estimations of the moment arm in the human tibialis anterior muscle^tendon unit

R.V. Baratta, M. Solomonow, G. Nguyen and R. D’Ambrosia

381

Characterization of load^length^velocity relationships of nine di¡erent skeletal muscles

Y.-C. Pai, B.E. Maki, K. Iqbal,W.E. McIlroy and S.D. Perry

387

Thresholds for step initiation induced by supportsurface translation: a dynamic center-of-mass model provides much better prediction than a static model

393

Comments on ‘A multi-phase optimal control technique for the simulation of a human vertical jump’

Technical notes

Letter to the editor H. Hatze

Volume 33 Number 4

April 2000

F. Cassot, M. Zagzoule and J.-P. Marc-Vergnes

395

Hemodynamic role of the circle of Willis in stenoses of internal carotid arteries. An analytical solution of a linear model

D.M. Stump, P.J.Watson and W.B. Fraser

407

Mathematical modelling of interwound DNA supercoils

VI

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

T.N. Gardner,T. Stoll, L. Marks, S. Mishra and M. KnotheTate

415

The in£uence of mechanical stimulus on the pattern of tissue di¡erentiation in a long bone fracture } an FEM study

C. Orizio, R.V. Baratta, B. He Zhou, M. Solomonow and A.Veicsteinas

427

Force and surface mechanomyogram frequency responses in CATgastrocnemius

A.-C. Godest, C. Simonis de Cloke, M. Taylor, P.J. Gregson, A.J. Keane, S. Sathasivan and P.S.Walker

435

A computational model for the prediction of total knee replacement kinematics in the sagittal plane

J.S. Stroud, S.A. Berger and D. Saloner

443

In£uence of stenosis morphology on £ow through severely stenotic vessels: implications for plaque rupture

A. Arampatzis, A. Knicker,V. Metzler and G.-P. Briiggemann

457

Mechanical power in running: a comparison of di¡erent approaches

D.R.Wilson, J.D. Feikes, A.B. Zavatsky and J.J. O’Connor

465

The components of passive knee movement are coupled to £exion angle

M.L. Raghavan and D.A.Vorp

475

Toward a biomechanical tool to evaluate rupture potential of abdominal aortic aneurysm: identi¢cation of a ¢nite strain constitutive model and evaluation of its applicability

Y.-N.Wang, C. Galiotis and D.L. Bader

483

Determination of molecular changes in soft tissues under strain using laser Raman microscopy

A.M.Weinberg, I.T. Pietsch, M.B. Helm, J. Hesselbach and H. Tscherne

487

A new kinematic model of pro- and supination of the human forearm

X.Yuan and L. Ryd

493

Accuracy analysis for RSA: a computer simulation study on 3D marker reconstruction

J.H. Keyak

499

Relationships between femoral fracture loads for two load con¢gurations

P.H.F. Nicholson, R. Strelitzki, R.O. Clevel and M.L. Bouxsein

503

Scattering of ultrasound in cancellous bone: predictions from a theoretical model

507

Letter to the Editor

509

Authors’ response

511

Announcement

Technical notes

Volume 33 Number 5

May 2000

I.C. Wright, R.R. Neptune, A.J. van den Bogert and B.M. Nigg

513

The in£uence of foot positioning on ankle sprains

G. Cacciola, G.W.M. Peters and P.J.G. Schreurs

521

A three-dimensional mechanical analysis of a stentless ¢bre-reinforced aortic valve prosthesis

W. Herzog and T.R. Leonard

531

The history dependence of force production in mammalian skeletal muscle following stretch-shortening and shortening-stretch cycles

W. Wang

543

A critical parameter for transcapillary exchange of small solutes in countercurrent systems

VII

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

F. Migliavacca, G. Dubini, G. Pennati, R. Pietrabissa, R. Fumero,T.-Y. Hsia and M.R. de Leval

549

Computational model of the £uid dynamics in systemic-to-pulmonary shunts

H. Tohyama and K. Yasuda

559

The e¡ects of stress enhancement on the extracellular matrix and ¢broblasts in the patellar tendon

G. Giakas, L.K. Stergioulas and A.Vourdas

567

T|me-frequency analysis and ¢ltering of kinematic signals with impacts using theWigner function: accurate estimation of the second derivative

J.R. Meakin and D.W.L. Hukins

575

E¡ect of removing the nucleus pulposus on the deformation of the annulus ¢brosus during compression of the intervertebral disc

P. Ferris and P.J. Prendergast

581

Middle-ear dynamics before and after ossicular replacement

E.K.J. Chadwick and A.C. Nicol

591

Elbow and wrist joint contact forces during occupational pick and place activities

J.W. Chow,T.A. Millikan, L.G. Carlton, W.-s. Chae and M.I. Morse

601

E¡ect of resistance load on biomechanical characteristics of racing wheelchair propulsion over a roller system

H. Graichen,T. Stammberger, H. Bonel, K.-H. Englmeier, M. Reiser, F. Eckstein

609

Glenohumeral translation during active and passive elevation of the shoulder } a 3D open-MRI study

C.E. Miller and C.L.Wong

615

Trabeculated embryonic myocardium shows rapid stress relaxation and non-quasi-linear viscoelastic behavior

D.A. Steinman

623

Simulated pathline visualization of computed periodic blood £ow patterns

J.H.-C.Wang, J. Ryu, J.-S. Han and B. Rowen

629

A new method for the representation of articular surfaces using the in£uence surface theory of plates

J.A. Johnson, D.A. Rath, C.E. Dunning, S.E. Roth and G.J.W. King

635

Simulation of elbow and forearm motion in vitro using a load controlled testing apparatus

641

Erratum

643

Announcement

Technical notes

Volume 33 Number 6

June 2000

J.E. Bischo¡, E.M. Arruda and K. Grosh

645

Finite element modeling of human skin using an isotropic, nonlinear elastic constitutive model

G. Cacciola, G.W.M. Peters and F.P.T. Baaijens

653

A synthetic ¢ber-reinforced stentless heart valve

W. Herzog,T.R. Leonard and J.Z.Wu

659

The relationship between force depression following shortening and mechanical work in skeletal muscle

J.S. Jurvelin, J.P. Arokoski, E.B. Hunziker and H.J. Helminen

669

Topographical variation of the elastic properties of articular cartilage in the canine knee

B. Diebold, A. Delouche, A. Decesare, P. Delouche, J.-P. Guglielmi and A. Herment

677

Fluid mechanics of regurgitant jets and calculation of the e¡ective regurgitant ori¢ce in free or complex con¢gurations

J.-C. Sarron, C. Blondeau, A. Guillaume and D. Osmont

685

Identi¢cation of linear viscoelastic constitutive models

VIII

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

D.L. van Deursena, M. Lengsfeld, C.J. Snijders, J.J.M. Evers and R.H.M. Goossens

695

Mechanical e¡ects of continuous passive motion on the lumbar spine in seating

M. Grigioni, C. Daniele, G. D’Avenio and V. Barbaro

701

On the monodimensional approach to the estimation of the highest Reynolds shear stress in a turbulent £ow

G. Karner and K. Perktold

709

E¡ect of endothelial injury and increased blood pressure on albumin accumulation in the arterial wall: a numerical study

T. Shipkowitz,V.G.J. Rodgers, L.J. Frazin and K.B. Chandran

717

Numerical study on the e¡ect of secondary £ow in the human aorta on local shear stresses in abdominal aortic branches

J.H.-C.Wang, E.S. Grood, J. Florer and R.Wenstrup

729

Alignment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1osteoblasts in microgrooved silicone substrata subjected to cyclic stretching

I.A.F. Stokes and M.G. Gardner-Morse

737

Strategies used to stabilize the elbow joint challenged by inverted pendulum loading

N. Yoganandan, F.A. Pintar and R. Seipel

745

Experimental production of extra- and intra-articular fractures of the os calcis

C.S. Howard, D.C. Blakeney, J. Medige, O.J. Moy and C.A. Peimer

751

Functional assessment in the rat by ground reaction forces

S.W.S. Gussekloo, B.A.M. Janssen, M.G.Vosselman and R.G. Bout

759

A single camera roentgen stereophotogrammetry method for static displacement analysis

J.T. Lysack, J.P. Dickey, G.A. Dumas and D.Yen

765

A continuous pure moment loading apparatus for biomechanical testing of multi-segment spine specimens

M.L. Kaplan and J.H. Heegaard

771

Energy-conserving impact algorithm for the heelstrike phase of gait

X. Zhang, M.A. Nussbaum and D.B. Cha⁄n

777

Back lift versus leg lift: an index and visualization of dynamic lifting strategies

A. Hreljac and R.N. Marshall

783

Algorithms to determine event timing during normal walking using kinematic data

787

Letter to the editor

789

Authors’ response

791

Erratum

793

Bulletin

Technical notes

Volume 33 Number 7

July 2000

M. Fritz

795

Simulating the response of a standing operator to vibration stress by means of a biomechanical model

R. A. Brady, M. J. Pavol,T. M. Owings and M. D. Grabiner

803

Foot displacement but not velocity predict the outcome of a slip induced in young subjects while walking

IX

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

H.Weinans, D. R. Sumner, R. Igloria and R. N. Natarajan

809

Sensitivity of periprosthetic stress-shielding to load and the bone density^modulus relationship in subject-speci¢c ¢nite element models

F. Eckstein, B. Lemberger,T. Stammberger, K. H. Englmeier and M. Reiser

819

Patellar cartilage deformation in vivo after static versus dynamic loading

B.-H. Zhou, R.V0. Baratta, M. Solomonow, M. Zhu and Y. Lu

827

Closed-loop control of muscle length through motor unit recruitment in load-moving conditions

P. L. Cheng, A. C. Nicol and J. P. Paul

837

Determination of axial rotation angles of limb segments } a new method

G.Wayne Brodland and H. H. Chen

845

The mechanics of cell sorting and envelopment

R. C.Wagenaar and R. E. A van Emmerik

853

Resonant frequencies of arms and legs identify different walking patterns

S. N. Robinovitch, J. Chiu, R. Sandler and Q. Liu

863

Impact severity in self-initiated sits and falls associates with center-of-gravity excursion during descent

W. Liu and M. E. Maitland

871

The e¡ect of hamstring muscle compensation for anterior laxity in the ACL-de¢cient knee during gait

I. Sevostianov and M. Kachanov

881

Impact of the porous microstructure on the overall elastic properties of the osteonal cortical bone

B. C. Fleming, G. D. Peura and B. D. Beynnon

889

Factors in£uencing the output of an implantable force transducer

S. G. Zachariah and J. E. Sanders

895

Finite element estimates of interface stress in the trans-tibial prosthesis using gap elements are di¡erent from those using automated contact

Y. Y. Dhaher, S. L. Delp and W. Z. Rymer

901

The use of basis functions in modelling joint articular surfaces: application to the knee joint

909

Announcement

Technical notes

I

Index

Volume 33 Number 8

August 2000

J. A.Vilensky and J. A. Cook

911

Do quadrupeds require a change in trunk posture to walk backward?

H.-D. Lee, E. Suter and W. Herzog

917

E¡ects of speed and distance of muscle shortening on force depression during voluntary contractions

M. Suzuki,Y. Yamazaki and K. Matsunami

925

Simpli¢ed dynamics model of planar two-joint arm movements

N. J. Mans¢eld and M. J. Gri⁄n

933

Non-linearities in apparent mass and transmissibility during exposure to whole-body vertical vibration

W. M. Murray,T. S. Buchanan and S. L. Delp

943

The isometric functional capacity of muscles that cross the elbow

S. J. Ferguson, J. T. Bryant, R. Ganz and K. Ito

953

The in£uence of the acetabular labrum on hip joint cartilage consolidation: a poroelastic ¢nite element model

Ch. Ament and E. P. Hofer

961

A fuzzy logic model of fracture healing

X

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

J. C. Martin, N. A. Brown, F. C. Anderson and W.W. Spirduso

969

A governing relationship for repetitive muscular contraction

S. Z. Zhao, X.Y. Xu, A. D. Hughes, S. A.Thom, A.V. Stanton, B. Ari¡ and Q. Long

975

Blood £ow and vessel mechanics in a physiologically realistic model of a human carotid arterial bifurcation

E.V. Biryukova, A. Roby-Brami, A. A. Frolov and M. Mokhtari

985

Kinematics of human arm reconstructed from spatial tracking system recordings

A. J.Ward-Smith and P. F. Radford

997

Investigation of the kinetics of anaerobic metabolism by analysis of the performance of elite sprinters

B. Couteau,Y. Payan and S. Lavalle¤e

1005

The mesh-matching algorithm: an automatic 3D mesh generator for ¢nite element structures

C. Bertolotti and V. Deplano

1011

Three-dimensional numerical simulations of £ow through a stenosed coronary bypass

L. J. van Ruijven, M. Beek, E. Donker and T. M. G. J. van Eijden

1023

The accuracy of joint surface models constructed from data obtained with an electromagnetic tracking device

S. J. Piazza and P. R. Cavanagh

1029

Measurement of the screw-home motion of the knee is sensitive to errors in axis alignment

M. E. T. Willems and W. T. Stauber

1035

Force output during and following active stretches of rat plantar £exor muscles: e¡ect of velocity of ankle rotation

J. S. Day, D. J. Murdoch and G. A. Dumas

1039

Calibration of position and angular data from a magnetic tracking device

1047

Talking Nets } An Oral History of Neural Networks by James A. Anderson and Edward Rosenfeld

Technical notes

Book review MauryA. Nussbaum

Volume 33 Number 9

September 2000

M.Wong, M. Ponticiello,V. Kovanen and J. S. Jurvelin

1049

Volumetric changes of articular cartilage during stress relaxation in uncon¢ned compression

N. K. Fowler and A. C. Nicol

1055

Interphalangeal joint and tendon forces: normal model and biomechanical consequences of surgical reconstruction

A. R. Karduna, P.W. McClure and L. A. Michener

1063

Scapular kinematics: e¡ects of altering the Euler angle sequence of rotations

S. Hirokawa and R. Tsuruno

1069

Three-dimensional deformation and stress distribution in an analytical/computational model of the anterior cruciate ligament

J. De Hart, G.W. M. Peters, P. J. G. Schreurs and F. P. T. Baaijens

1079

A two-dimensional £uid^structure interaction model of the aortic value

C. Gao and H. Gregersen

1089

Biomechanical and morphological properties in rat large intestine

A. Rohlmann, F. Graichen and G. Bergmann

1099

In£uence of load carrying on loads in internal spinal ¢xators

R. Ait-Haddou, P. Binding and W. Herzog

1105

Theoretical considerations on cocontraction of sets of agonistic and antagonistic muscles

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

XI

E. Papa and A. Cappozzo

1113

Sit-to-stand motor strategies investigated in ablebodied young and elderly subjects

L. R. Hellevik, N. Stergiopulos,T. Kiserud, S. I. Rabben, S. H. Eik-Nes and F. Irgens

1123

A mathematical model of umbilical venous pulsation

G. C. Reilly

1131

Observations of microdamage around osteocyte lacunae in bone

Z. Pataky, L. Faravel, J. Da Silva andJ.-P. Assal

1135

A new ambulatory foot pressure device for patients with sensory impairment. A system for continuous measurement of plantar pressure and a feed-back alarm

M. Stokdijk, M. Biegstraaten,W. Ormel, Y. A. de Boer, H. E. J.Veeger and P. M. Rozing

1139

Determining the optimal £exion^extension axis of the elbow in vivo } a study of interobserver and intraobserver reliability

T.W. Rudy, M. Sakane, R. E. Debski and S.L.-Y.Woo

1147

The e¡ect of the point of application of anterior tibial loads on human knee kinematics

P. Braidotti, E. Bemporad,T. D’Alessio, S. A. Sciuto and L. Stagni

1153

Tensile experiments and SEM fractography on bovine subchondral bone

J. Reich and W. J. Daunicht

1159

A rigid body model of the forearm

D.Vashishth, K. E. Tanner and W. Bon¢eld

1169

Contribution, development and morphology of microcracking in cortical bone during crack propagation

Y.-H. Chu, J. J. Elias, G. N. Duda, F. J. Frassica and E. Y. S. Chao

1175

Stress and micromotion in the taper lock joint of a modular segmental bone replacement prosthesis

1181

Literature alert

1185

Bulletin

Technical Notes

Volume 33 Number 10

October 2000

W. Herzog

1187

Editorial

A. F. Huxley

1189

Cross-bridge action: present views, prospects, and unknowns

P.V. Komi

1197

Stretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle

G. Rau, C. Disselhorst-Klug and R. Schmidt

1207

Movement biomechanics goes upwards: from the leg to the arm

T. P. Andriacchi and E. J. Alexander

1217

Studies of human locomotion: past, present and future

J. J. de Koning, H. Houdijk, G. de Groot and M.F. Bobbert

1225

From biomechanical theory to application in top sports: the Klapskate story

J. D. DesJardins, P. S.Walker, H. Haider and J. Perry

1231

The use of a force-controlled dynamic knee simulator to quantify the mechanical performance of total knee replacement designs during functional activity

J.W. Blaszczyk, F. Prince, M. Raiche and R. H!ebert

1243

E¡ect of ageing and vision on limb load asymmetry during quiet stance

XII

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

Y. Kawakami and R. L. Lieber

1249

Interaction between series compliance and sarcomere kinetics determines internal sarcomere shortening during ¢xed-end contraction

H. I. Andersson, R. Halden and T. Glomsaker

1257

E¡ects of surface irregularities on £ow resistance in di¡erently shaped arterial stenoses

F. Schade, A. Arampatzis and G.-P. Brˇggemann

1263

In£uence of di¡erent approaches for calculating the athlete’s mechanical energy on energetic parameters in the pole vault

J. B. Dingwell, J. P. Cusumano, D. Sternad and P. R. Cavanagh

1269

Slower speeds in patients with diabetic neuropathy lead to improved local dynamic stability of continuous overground walking

X.Yuan, L. Ryd and R. Huiskes

1279

Wear particle di¡usion and tissue di¡erentiation in TKA implant ¢brous interfaces

J. J.Wentzel, D. M.Whelan, W. J. van der Giessen, H. M. M. van Beusekom, I. Andhyiswara, P.W. Serruys, C. J. Slager and R. Krams

1287

Coronary stent implantation changes 3-D vessel geometry and 3-D shear stress distribution

S. Hansson

1297

Surface roughness parameters as predictors of anchorage strength in bone: a critical analysis

D. Lee and J. Y. Chen

1305

Numerical simulation of £ow ¢elds in a tube with two branches

A. Nagano, K. G. M. Gerritsen and S. Fukashiro

1313

A sensitivity analysis of the calculation of mechanical output through inverse dynamics: a computer simulation study

G. P. Kenyon and M. H. Thaut

1319

A measure of kinematic limb instability modulation by rhythmic auditory stimulation

D. C.Wirtz, N. Schi¡ers,T. Pandorf, K. Radermacher, D.Weichert and R. Forst

1325

Critical evaluation of known bone material properties to realize anisotropic FE-simulation of the proximal femur

1331

Letter to the editor

1333

Author’s response

1335

Letter to the editor

1337

Author’s response

1339

Book reviews

Technical Notes

Volume 33 Number 11

November 2000

D. M. Gillard, S. Yakovenko,T. Cameron and A. Prochazka

1341

Isometric muscle length^tension curves do not predict angle^torque curves of human wrist in continuous active movements

M. Bagge

1349

A model of bone adaptation as an optimization process

M. R. PopovicŁ, I. P. I. Pappas, K. Nakazawa, T. Keller, M. Morari and V. Dietz

1359

Stability criterion for controlling standing in ablebodied subjects

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

XIII

K. Miller, K. Chinzei, G. Orssengo and P. Bednarz

1369

Mechanical properties of brain tissue in-vivo: experiment and computer simulation

J. Cholewicki, A.P. D. Simons and A. Radebold

1377

E¡ects of external trunk loads on lumbar spine stability

A. Staco¡, B. M. Nigg, C. Reinschmidt, A. J. van den Bogert and A. Lundberg

1387

T|biocalcaneal kinematics of barefoot versus shod running

T. L. Bellchamber and A. J. van den Bogert

1397

Contributions of proximal and distal moments to axial tibial rotation during walking and running

Y. Tagawa, N. Shiba, S. Matsuo and T. Yamashita

1405

Analysis of human abnormal walking using a multibody model: Joint models for abnormal walking and walking aids to reduce compensatory action

M. Hlava¤cflek

1415

Squeeze-¢lm lubrication of the human ankle joint with synovial £uid ¢ltrated by articular cartilage with the super¢cial zone worn out

P. Binding, A. Jinha and W. Herzog

1423

Analytic analysis of the force sharing among synergistic muscles in one- and two-degree-of-freedom models

C. E. Bauby and A. D. Kuo

1433

Active control of lateral balance in human walking

K. M. Chan, L. Qin, L. K. Hung, C. Y. Tang, C. K. Li and C. Rolf

1441

Alteration of patellofemoral contact during healing of canine patellar tendon after removal of its central third

C. N. Maganaris and J. P. Paul

1453

In vivo human tendinous tissue stretch upon maximum muscle force generation

C. Dumoulin and B. Cochelin

1461

Mechanical behaviour modelling of balloon-expandable stents

I. R. Spears, M. P£eiderer, E. Schneider, E. Hille, G. Bergmann and M. M. Morlock

1471

Interfacial conditions between a press-¢t acetabular cup and bone during daily activities: implications for achieving bone in-growth

R. Stagni, A. Leardini, A. Cappozzo, M. Grazia Benedetti and A. Cappello

1479

E¡ects of hip joint centre mislocation on gait analysis results

R. Pietrabissa, R. Contro,V. Quaglini, M. Soncini, L. Gionso and M. Simion

1489

Experimental and computational approach for the evaluation of the biomechanical e¡ects of dental bridge mis¢t

G.Wu

1497

Distinguishing fall activities from normal activities by velocity characteristics

H. Yamada,T. Takemasa and T. Yamaguchi

1501

Theoretical study of intracellular stress ¢ber orientation under cyclic deformation

C. L. Smith and J. M. Mansour

1507

Indentation of an osteochondral repair: sensitivity to experimental variables and boundary conditions

S. D. Smith

1513

Modeling di¡erences in the vibration response characteristics of the human body

J. J. Elias, F. J. Frassica and E. Y. S. Chao

1517

The open section e¡ect in a long bone with a longitudinal defect } a theoretical modeling study

E. H. Frank, M. Jin, A. M. Loening, M. E. Levenston and A. J. Grodzinsky

1523

A versatile shear and compression apparatus for mechanical stimulation of tissue culture explants

Technical Notes

XIV

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

L. S. Meershoek and H. C. Schamhardt

1529

Volume 33 Number 12

Oblique scaling: an algorithm to correct for a nonperpendicular camera view in tendon strain measurements

December 2000

L. P. Li, M. D. Buschmann and A. Shirazi-Adl

1533

A ¢bril reinforced nonhomogeneous poroelastic model for articular cartilage: inhomogeneous response in uncon¢ned compression

K. Yu.Volokh, O.V|lnay and M. Belsky

1543

Tensegrity architecture explains linear sti¡ening and predicts softening of living cells

P. E. Riches, N. M. Everitt and D. S. McNally

1551

Knoop microhardness anisotropy of the ovine radius

P. A. Cripton, S. B. Bruehlmann, T. E. Orr, T. R. Oxland and L.-P. Nolte

1559

In vitro axial preload application during spine £exibility testing: towards reduced apparatus-related artefacts

U. Kukreti and S. M. Belko¡

1569

Collagen ¢bril D-period may change as a function of strain and location in ligament

G. L. Niebur, M. J. Feldstein, J. C. Yuen, T. J. Chen and T. M. Keaveny

1575

High-resolution ¢nite element models with tissue strength asymmetry accurately predict failure of trabecular bone

F. D. Allen, C. T. Hung, S. R. Pollack and C. T. Brighton

1585

Serum modulates the intracellular calcium response of primary cultured bone cells to shear £ow

E. R.Valstar, H. A.Vrooman, S. Toksvig-Larsen, L. Ryd and R. G. H. H. Nelissen

1593

Digital automated RSA compared to manually operated RSA

F. J. Valero-Cuevas, J. D.Towles andV. R. Hentz

1601

Quanti¢cation of ¢ngertip force reduction in the fore¢nger following simulated paralysis of extensor and intrinsic muscles

M.V|ceconti, R. Muccini, M. Bernakiewicz, M. Baleani and L. Cristofolini

1611

Large-sliding contact elements accurately predict levels of bone^implant micromotion relevant to osseointegration

K. Iqbal and Y.-C. Pai

1619

Predicted region of stability for balance recovery: motion at the knee joint can improve termination of forward movement

M. Stokdijk, J. Nagels and P. M. Rozing

1629

The glenohumeral joint rotation centre in vivo

C. Renotte,V. Bou⁄oux and F.Wilquem

1637

Numerical 3D analysis of oscillatory £ow in the timevarying laryngeal channel

M. S. Thompson,T. Dawson, J. H. Kuiper, M. D. Northmore-Ball and K. E. Tanner

1645

Acetabular morphology and resurfacing design

M. G. Joshi, S. G. Advani, F. Miller and M. H. Santare

1655

Analysis of a femoral hip prosthesis designed to reduce stress shielding

F. Guilak and V. C. Mow

1663

The mechanical environment of the chondrocyte: a biphasic ¢nite element model of cell^matrix interactions in articular cartilage

J. S. Knutson, K. L. Kilgore, J. M. Mansour and P. E. Crago

1675

Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the passive moment at the metacarpophalangeal joint

Volume Contents / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) III–XV

XV

Technical notes M. J.Voor, A. Nawab, A. L. Malkani and C. R. Ullrich

1683

Mechanical properties of compacted morselized cancellous bone graft using one-dimensional consolidation testing

B. J. Ewers,W. N. Newberry and R. C. Haut

1689

Chronic softening of cartilage without thickening of underlying bone in a joint trauma model

L. Che¤ze

1695

Comparison of di¡erent calculations of three-dimensional joint kinematics from video-based system data

G. A. Mirka, N. F. Glasscock, P. M. Stan¢eld and J. R.Wilson

1701

An empirical approach to characterizing trunk muscle coactivation using simulation input modeling techniques

E. Burdet, R. Osu, D.W. Franklin,T. Yoshioka, T. E. Milner and M. Kawato

1705

A method for measuring endpoint sti¡ness during multi-joint arm movements

H. E. J.Veeger

1711

The position of the rotation center of the glenohumeral joint

P. Terrier, Q. Ladetto, B. Merminod and Y. Schutz

1717

High-precision satellite positioning system as a new tool to study the biomechanics of human locomotion

C. N. Maganaris and J. P. Paul

1723

Hysteresis measurements in intact human tendon

D. P. Pioletti and L. R. Rakotomanana

1729

On the independence of time and strain e¡ects in the stress relaxation of ligaments and tendons

J. Cholewicki, G. K. Polzhofer and A. Radebold

1733

Postural control of trunk during unstable sitting

A. Gefen, J. Chen and D. Elad

1739

A biomechanical model of Peyronie’s disease

M. D. Geil, M. Parnianpour, P. Quesada, N. Berme and S. Simon

1745

Comparison of methods for the calculation of energy storage and return in a dynamic elastic response prosthesis

P. Pourcelot, F. Audig|¤ e¤, C. Degueurce, D. Geiger and J. Denoix

1751

A method to synchronise cameras using the direct linear transformation technique

Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XVII–XXV

Subject Index AAA see Abdominal aortic aneurysm Abdominal aorta, 717 Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), 475 Abdominal muscle forces, 787 Abdominal organs, 367, 1089 Abnormal activity, velocity characteristics, 1497 Abnormal walking, 1405 Acceleration, 685 Accelerometer, 361 Accuracy, Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis, 493,1593 Acetabulum, 953,1471,1645 ACL see Anterior cruciate ligament Acoustics, 581 Actin, 1189 Actin cytoskeleton, 105 Active elevation, 609 Active feedback, lateral balance, 1433 Adaptation, bone, 317 Adaptive elasticity, 235 Adhesion, cellular, 23, 35, 845 AFM see Atomic force microscopy AFPD see Ambulatory foot pressure device Agarose constructs, 81 Ageing, limb load asymmetry, 1243 Aggrecan promoter, 73 Aggregation, red blood cells, 355 Agonistic muscle, 1105 Aids, walking, 1405 AIFP see Arthroscopically Implantable Force Probe Albumin accumulation, 709 ALE see Lagrange–Euler formulation Alignment, osteoblasts, 729, Alkaline phosphatase, 45 Ambulatory foot pressure device (AFPD), 1135 Anaerobic metabolism, 997 Anastomosis, 1011 Anchorage strength, bone, 1297 Anisotropic elastic modulus, 881 Anisotropy, 1325, 1349, 1551 Ankle dynamic elastic response prosthesis, 1745 plantar flexion, 1423 rat plantar flexor muscles, 1035 sprains, 513 squeeze-film lubrication, 1415 standing posture, 795 Annulus fibrosus, 575 Antagonistic muscle, 1105 Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), 889,1069 Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee, 871, 1217 Anterior–posterior laxity, knee replacement, 435 Aorta, aneurysm, 299, 475, 717

Aortic valve, 521, 1079 Aponeurosis excursion, 1453 Apparent phase velocity, 299 Arm endpoint stiffness, 1705 free movement, 1207 kinematics, 985 planar two-joint movements, 925 resonant frequency, 853 Arteries albumin accumulation, 709 carotid bifurcation, 137, 975 coronary stent, 1287 flow field numerical simulation, 1305 stenosed coronary bypass, 1011 stenoses, 1257 Arthroscopically Implantable Force Probe (AIFP), 889 Articular cartilage ankle joint, 1415 canine knee, 669 chondrocytes, 1663 deformation, 819 fibril-reinforced nonhomogenous poroelastic model, 1533 pressure gradient boundary condition, 1331 stress relaxation, 1049 Articular chondrocytes, 73 Articular disc, 307 Articular surfaces, 629,1023 Aseptic loosening, 1611, 1655 Atherosclerosis, 137, 443, 975 Athlete kinetics/kinematics, 241,1263 Atomic force microscopy (AFM), 15,127 Attenuation, ultrasound scattering, 503 Automated contact interface model, 895 Automatic meshing, 1005 Automotive safety, 367 Axial preload, spine flexibility testing, 1559 Axial rotation, 837, 1029, 1147, 1397 Axial torsion, 695 Axial vibration, 483 Axisymmetric substrate bulge, 3 B-mode ultrasonography, 215 Back lift, 777 Back pain, 933 Backflow, laryngeal channel, 1637 Backward pedalling, 155 Backward walking, 911 Balance control dynamic centre of mass model, 387 knee joint motion, 1619 limb load asymmetry, 1243 walking, 1433 Balloon-expandable stents, 1461 Banding pattern (D-period), 1569 Barefoot running, 269, 1387

Basis functions, 901 BCE see Blood constitutive equation BCP see Blood constitutive parameters BHV see Bioprosthetic heart valve Bileaflet valve prosthesis, 701 Binding probability, cell adhesion, 23 Bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV), 199, 521 Bioprosthetics see Prostheses Biphasic cartilage layers, 1331 Biphasic finite element modelling, 1663 Biphasic material, total knee arthroplasty, 1279 Blood constitutive equation (BCE), 355 Blood constitutive parameters (BCP), 355 Blood flow see Haemodynamics Blood pressure albumin accumulation, 709 aortic wave reflection, 299 BMD see Bone mineral density Bone adaptation, 1349 anchorage strength, 1297 cancellous, 327, 503, 641 composite tibia model, 279 density–modulus relatioship, 809 dynamic cell stretching, 45 elastic modulus, 1335 femur, 209, 499 fluoride exposure, 231 fuzzy logic fracture healing model, 961 human forearm, 487, 1159 impact strength, 337 in-growth, 1471 internal remodelling, 235, 1349 joint trauma, 1689 load-induced fluid flow, 247 longitudinal defects, 1517 material properties, 1325 mechanical stress, 53 microcracking, 1169 modular segmental replacement prosthesis, 1175 morselised cancellous bone, 1683 ossicular, 581 osteocyte lacunae, 1131 osteonal cortical, 881 ovine radius, 1551 porous microstructure, 881 shear stress response, 1585 strain history, 317 strength prediction, 289 stress shielding, 809, 1655 structure parameters, 289 subchondral, 1153 surface geometry, 901 tissue differentiation in fracture, 415 trabecular, 255, 1575 uniaxial substratum strain, 63

XVIII

Subject Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XVII–XXV

Bone mineral density (BMD), 289 Bone–implant interfacial shear strength, 1297 Bone–implant micromotion, 1611 Bony structures, 759 Book reviews Biomechanics of the Musculo-skeletal System–2nd Edition, 1340 Occupational Biomechanics–Third Edition, 265 Skeletal Tissue Mechanics, 1339 Talking Nets–An Oral History of Neural Networks, 1047 BOS see Base of support Boundary conditions, osteochondral repair, 1507 Boundary-specific filtration, 255 Bovine serum, 1585 Brachioradialis, 737, 943 Brain, mechanical properties, 181, 685, 1369 Branch flow division, 623 Broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA), 503 Buckling, cervical spine, 191 Butterfly swimming, 507 Cadaveric hand, 1601 Cadence, pedalling, 173 Calcaneus, 1387 Calcium mobilisation, articular chondrocyte signalling, 73 Calibration, magnetic tracking device, 1039 Callus, 415 Camera synchronisation, 1751 Cancellous bone femoral, 327, 641 material properties, 1325 morselised, 1683 strength prediction, 289 ultrasound scattering, 503 Canine models articular cartilage, 669 backward walking, 911 patellofemoral joint, 1441 Capillary loops, 543 Cardiac development, 615 Carotid artery, bifurcation, 137, 395, 975 Cartilage acetabular labrum, 953 ankle joint, 1415 canine knee, 669 chondrocytes, 1663 fibril-reinforced nonhomogenous poroelastic model, 1533 fuzzy logic fracture healing model, 961 joint trauma model, 1689 osteoarthritis, 261 osteochondral repair, 1507 patellar, 819 pressure gradient boundary, 1331 shear deformation, 1523 stress relaxation, 1049 Casting, 235 Cat see Feline models Catalytic domain, actin filament, 1189 Cell cytoskeleton see Cytoskeleton Cells adhesion kinetics and mechanics, 23 deformation, 35, 81

linear stiffening, 1543 mechanical signal transduction, 1663 mechanical stimulation in vitro, 3 mechanics, 1 micropipette aspiration, 15 rolling, 35 shear stress response, 1585 sorting, 845 spontaneous emergent morphogenesis, 115 tensile test, 97 Cellular model, cancellous bone, 327, 641 Cementless implants, 1611, 1655 Centre of mass (COM), 387, 1619 Centre of pressure (CoP), 1359, 1733 Centre-of-gravity excursion, 863 Cerebral haemodynamics, 395 Cerebral ventricles, 181 Cervical spine, 191 Chondrocytes deformation, 81 extracellular matrix, 1663 micropipette aspiration, 15 protein kinase signalling, 73 Young’s modulus, 261 CICP see Collagen type I carboxyterminal propeptide Circle of Willis, 395 Circumferential strain, 1089 Closed-loop control, 827 Closed-loop perfusion, 247 Co-contraction, 1105 Collagen, 483, 645, 1533, 1569 Collagen type I carboxyterminal propeptide (CICP), 45 COM see Centre of mass Compensatory action, abnormal walking, 1405 Composite synthetic model, human tibia, 279 Compression abdominal organs, 367 articular cartilage, 669, 1049, 1533 bone, 337, 1325 chondrocytes, 81 collagen fibre, 483 intervertebral disc, 575 mechanical cell stimulation, 3 spine flexibility testing, 1559 tissue culture explants, 1523 Computational fluid dynamics aortic blood flow, 717 arterial stenoses, 1257 emergent morphogenesis, 115 Computational modelling ankle sprains, 513 brain, 1369 knee, 435 mechanical output, 1313 periodic blood flow, 623 Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis, 493 systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, 549 Computerised microtomography (CmT), 289 Confocal microscopy, 81, 127, 1131 Congenital heart disease, 549 Consolidation testing, 1683 Constitutive modelling abdominal aortic aneurysm, 475 abdominal organs, 367

brain stress levels, 685 human skin, 645 Contact analysis, biphasic cartilage layers, 1331 Contact guidance, 729 Contact modelling cementless implants, 1611 trans-tibial prosthesis, 895 Contact pressure, patellofemoral joint, 1441 Contact time, walking, 783 Continuous active movement, wrist, 1341 Continuous passive motion (CPM), 695 Continuous pure moment loads, 765 Continuum levels of strain, 63 Continuum model, cell elasticity, 15 CoP see Centre of pressure Coronary bypass, 1011 Coronary restenosis, 1287 Cortical bone elastic modulus, 1335 material properties, 1325 microcracking, 1169 modular segmental replacement prosthesis, 1175 osteocyte lacunae, 1131 porous microstructure, 881 tensile strength, 1153 Cost function cadence, 173 Countercurrent capillary exchange, 543 Coupled mass transport, 709 COX-2 see Cyclooxygenase CPM see Continuous passive motion Crack propagation, 1169 Cross-bridge action, 1189 Cruciate ligaments, 1729 see also Anterior cruciate ligament Cup–bone system, 1471 CmT see Computerised microtomography Cyclic deformation, 1501 Cyclic stretching, 45, 729 Cycling, 155, 165, 173, 969 Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) mRNA, 53 Cytoskeleton, 81, 105, 1543 D-period banding pattern, 1569 DAH see Differential adhesion hypothesis DCSP see Dual camera stereo photogrammetry Deformation abdominal organs, 367 annulus fibrosus, 575 anterior cruciate ligament, 1069 articular cartilage, 1533 bony structures, 759 brain tissue, 1369 collagen fibre, 483 interphalangeal joint, 1055 patellar cartilage, 819 stress fibres, 1501 temporomandibular joint, 307 tissue culture explants, 1523 Deltoid muscle activation, 601 Dental bridge misfit 1489 Descent, 863 Diabetic neuropathy, 1269 Diaphysial shafts, 235 Diaphysial tibial fracture, 415

Subject Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XVII–XXV DIBFEM see Digital image-based finite element modelling Differential adhesion hypothesis (DAH), 845 Differential Golbal Positioning System 1717 Digital automated Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis, 1593 Digital image-based finite element modelling (DIBFEM), 255 Direct Linear Transformation (DLT), 1751 Displacement signal (kinematics), 567 Distal moments, 1397 DLT see Direct Linear Transformation DNA supercoiling, 407 Dog see Canine models Dorsiflexion, 375, 1035 Double-branched tube flow, 1305 Drag coefficient, butterfly swimming, 507 Dual camera stereo photogrammerty (DCSP), 199 Ductility, 231 Ductus venosus, 1123 Dynamic cell stretching, 45 Dynamic elastic response prosthetic feet, 1745 Dynamic knee simulator, 1231 Dynamic lifting strategies, 777 Dynamic loading, 819 Dynamic stability, 387, 1269 Ear, 581 Edentulous jaw, 1489 Elastic modulus, trabecular bone, 1335 Elastic rod, DNA supercoiling, 407 Elasticity canine knee, 669 human skin, 645 micropipette aspiration, 15 osteonal cortical bone, 881 skeletal muscle contraction, 531 Young’s modulus, 261 Elbow extensor muscles, 145 flexion–extension axis, 1139 grip force, 591 inverted pendulum loading, 737 kinematics, 635 muscle functional capacity, 943 planar two-joint arm movements, 925 Elderly COX-2 mRNA expression, 53 falls, 1497 limb load asymmetry, 1243 Sit-to-stand motor strategies, 1113 Electromagnetic tracking, 1023, 1139 Electromyography (EMG) elbow muscle, 737 muscle coordination, 165 trunk muscle coactivation, 1701 voluntary contraction, 917 wheelchair athletics, 601 Elevation, 1113 Elliptical chainring, 165 Embryonic myocardium, 615 Emergent morphogenesis, 115 Endoprostheses, 1461 Endothelial cells injury, 709 local mechanical properties, 127

micropipette aspiration, 15 rolling, adhesion and deformation, 35 spontaneous emergent morphogenesis, 115 Endovascular stent, 1461 Endpoint stiffness, 1705 Energy exchange, pole vault, 1263 Energy storage, dynamic elastic response prosthesis, 1745 Envelope of passive flexion, 465 Envelopment, cellular, 845 Equilibrium affinity, cell adhesion, 23 Erectile dysfunction, 1739 Ergometers, 241 Ergonomics, 695 ERK see Extracellular signal-related kinase Error propagation hip joint centre, 1479 Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis, 493 Euler angle, 1063 Ex vivo perfusion model, 247 Explants, mechanical stimulation, 1523 Extensometer, 645 Extensor muscle paralysis, 1601 External rotation, glenohumeral joint, 345 Extra-articular fracture, 745 Extracellular matrix, 559, 1663 Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling, 73 Face-connectivity, 327, 641 Falls, foot displacement, 803, 863, 1497 Fascicle length, 943 Fatigued muscle, 1197 FE see Finite element Feasible stability region (FSR), 1619 Feedback, lateral balance, 1433 Feline models backward walking, 911 gastrocnemius, 427 muscle force sharing, 1423 soleus, 659 Femur anisotropic finite element model, articular cartilage, 1325 articular surfaces, 669 bone remodelling, 235, 1349 bone strength prediction, 289 cancellous bone, 327, 641 finite element model, 807, 1325 flexion axis, 1029 fracture, 209, 499 hip joint cartilage consolidation, 953 human locomotion, 1217 internal bone remodelling, 235 joint trauma model, 1689 longitudinal defects, 1517 mesh-matching algorithm, 1005 nanoindentation, 1335 patellofemoral joint, 1441 total hip arthroplasty, 1655 Fibre-reinforced heart valve prosthesis, 521, 653 Fibril-reinforced nonhomogenous poroelastic model, 1533 Fibroblasts, 97, 559 Fibrocartilage, 1279

XIX

Fibrous interface, wear particle diffusion, 1279 Fictitious domain method, 1079 Filtering, kinematic signals, 567 Filtration, digital image-based finite element modelling, 255 Finger, 1601, 1675 Finite element (FE) modelling abdominal aortic aneurysm, 475 anterior cruciate ligament, 1069 aortic valves, 521, 1079 arterial mass transport, 709 articular cartilage, 1331, 1663 automatic meshing, 1005 balloon-expandable stents, 1461 bone adaptation, 1349 bone longitudinal defects, 1517 brain, 685, 1369 cup-bone system, 1471 dental bridge misfit, 1489 femur, 209, 809 fuzzy logic fracture healing model, 961 hip joint cartilage consolidation, 953 human skin, 645 implant osseointegration, 1611 large-scale digital image-based, 255 long bone fracture, 415 middle ear dynamics, 581 modular segmental bone replacement prosthesis, 1175 osteochondral repair, 1507 Peyronie’s disease, 1739 proximal femur, 1325 systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, 549 temporomandibular joint disc, 307 total knee arthroplasty, 1279 trabecular bone failure, 1575 trans-tibial prosthesis, 895 Finite strain constitutive model, 475 Finite volume blood flow, 443, 1305 Fixed axes, 1695 Fixed-end contraction, 1249 Flexibility, spine, 1559 Flexible leaflet attachment, 521 Flexion elbow, 635, 737, 943 knee, 465, 871, 1029 lumbar spine, 765 wrist movement, 1341 Flexion–extension axis, elbow, 1139 Flock of Birds electromagnetic tracking, 1139 Flow field, double-branched tube, 1305 Flow shear stress, 35 Flow visualisation, 623 Fluid dynamics ankle joint articular surface, 1415 human larynx, 1637 loaded bone, 247 regurgitant jets, 677 systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, 549 Fluid shear stress cyclooxygenase mRNA expression, 53 mechanical cell stimulation, 3 protein kinase signalling, 73 serum, 1585 Fluid–structure interaction model, 1079 Fluoride exposure, 231 Focus position, 493

XX

Subject Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XVII–XXV

Foetal heat, 1123 Foot positioning, 513 Foot pressure measurement, 1135 Foot-to-foot wave velocity, 299 Force depression, 659, 917 Force displacement, 361 Force generation Arthroscopically Implantable Force Probe, 889 elbow muscles, 943 rat plantar flexor muscles, 1035 skeletal muscle, 531 Force sharing, 1423 Force transmission, sarcomere shortening, 1249 Force-controlled dynamic knee simulator, 1231 Forearm inverted pendulum loading, 737 kinematics, 487, 635 rigid body model, 1159 Forefinger, 1601 Fractures cortical bone microcracking, 1169 femoral, 499 fuzzy logic healing model, 961 human forearm, 487 long bone, 415 os calcis, 745 subchondral bone, 1153 Free-flow conditions, cartilage repair, 1507 Frequency response, feline gastrocnemius, 427 Frictional contact, 1611 Frog, 1249 Frontal plane kinematics, 269 FSR see Feasible stability region Fuzzy logic fracture healing model, 961 Gait ambulatory foot pressure device, 1135 anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee, 871 dynamic elastic response prosthesis, 1745 foot displacement, 803 heel-strike, 771 hip joint centre mislocation, 1479 lateral balance, 1433 motion analysis, 1207 nerve regeneration, 751 tremors, 1319 walking, 783, 853 Gap element model, 895 Gastrectomy-induced osteoporosis, 289 Gastrocnemius, 427, 1423 Glenohumeral (GH) joint, 345, 609, 1629, 1711 Gliding technique (skating), 1225 Global Positioning System (GPS), 1717 Glottis, 1637 Glycolysis, 997 GPS see Global Positioning System Grafts, 889, 1683 Grasp strength, 1601 GRF see Ground reaction force Grip force, 591 Ground reaction force (GRF), 269, 457, 751, 771

Haemodynamics aorta, 717 blood constitutive parameters, 355 carotid artery bifurcation, 137, 975 circle of Willis, 395 periodicity, 623 Peyronie’s disease, 1739 Reynolds shear stress, 701 stenoses, 443, 1011, 1257 umbilical venous pulsation, 1123 Haemorheology, 355 Hamstring muscle compensation, 871 Healing, 415, 1441 Hearing, 581 Heart coronary bypass, 1011 coronary restenosis, 1287 development, 615 disease, 549 valves, 199, 653, 1079 Heel-strike, 771, 783, 803 Helical-axes method, 1629 Helical flow, 717, 975 High impact loading, 361 Hip fracture, 209, 499, 863 Hip joint cartilage consolidation, 953 Hip joint centre (HJC) mislocation, 1479 Hip replacement, 1645, 1655 Hip vibration stress, 795 History dependence, force production, 531 HJC see Hip joint centre Hookean elastic body, 261 Humans bone tissue, 45, 53, 63 locomotion, 219, 1217, 1225, 1717 skin, 645 temporomandibular joint disc, 307 whole-body vibration, 933, 1513 Humerus, 591, 609, 1629, 1711 Hydraulic model, aortic wave reflection, 299 Hydrodynamics, 507 Hypergravity, 685 Hypertrophic scar, 645 Hysteresis, 1341, 1723 Iliac arteries, 717 Image distortion, 1529 Imaging, trabecular bone, 255 Impact abdominal organs, 367 bone strength, 337 brain protection, 181 falls, 863 force displacement, 361 heel-strike, 771 joint trauma, 1689 neck, 191 os calcis, 745 running, 219 Impaction grafting, 1683 Impedance, whole-body vibration, 1513 Implantable force transducer, 889 Implants, 1611, 1645 see also Prostheses In vivo force measurement, 1197 In vivo glenohumeral joint rotation, 1629 In vivo hysteresis measurement, 1723

In vivo indentation, 1369 In vivo moment arm measurement, 375 In-growth (BONE), 1471 In-stent restenosis, 1287 Indentation, 127, 1507, 1551 Inertial properties, cervical spine, 191 Inertial–gravitational loading, 381 Influence surface theory of plates, 629 Injuries ankle sprain, 513 cervical spine, 191 head impact, 181 joint trauma, 1689 os calcis, 745 running, 1387 Instability, anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee, 871 Instantaneous helical axis, 1139 Inter-fragmentary displacement, 415 Interface stress, 895 Interfacial gaps, 1471 Interfacial shear strength, 1297 Internal bone remodelling, 235 Internal elastic lamina, 709 Internal spinal fixator, 1099 Interobserver reliability, 1139 Interphalangeal joint, 1055 Interpolated twitch moment, 917 Interstitial fluid flow, 1279 Intervertebral disc, 575 Interwound DNA supercoils, 407 Intestine, 1089 Intra-abdominal pressure, 787 Intra-articular fracture, 745 Intracellular calcium, shear stress response, 1585 Intracellular stress fibres, 1501 Intraobserver reliability, 1139 Intrinsic muscle paralysis, 1601 Inverse dynamics, 173, 925, 1313 Inverted pendulum models, 737, 1113 Irregular stenosis, 1257 Isometric dorsiflexion maximum voluntary contraction, 375 Isometric functional capacity, 943 Jaw, 1489 Jets, 677 Joints abnormal walking, 1405 ankle, 1415 anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee, 871 arm movement, 985, 1705 axial rotation, 837 balance recovery, 1619 basis functions, 901 cartilage consolidation, 953 dynamic elastic response prosthetic feet, 1745 glenohumeral translation, 609 hip joint centre mislocation, 1479 impact severity, 863 interphalangeal, 1055 inverted pendulum loading, 737 metacarpophalangeal, 1675 occupational activity, 591

Subject Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XVII–XXV patellar cartilage, 819 pedalling cadence, 173 screw-home motion, 1029 standing, 795 surface models, 1023 temporomandibular, 307 three-dimensional kinematics, 1695 torque, 925 trauma model, 1689 upper extremities, 1207 Jump simulation, 393 Kedem–Katchalsky equations, 709 Kidney, 367, 543 Kinematics arm, 487, 985 axial rotation, 837 camera synchronisation, 1751 crosstalk, 1029 cycling, 969 dynamic lifting, 777 elbow, 635 falling, 863 forearm, 487 glenohumeral joint, 345, 1711 inverse dynamics, 1313 joint contact forces, 591 knee, 435, 465, 1029, 1147 pole vault, 1263 running, 269,1387 scapula, 1063 slipping, 803 spine flexibility testing, 1559 static displacement analysis, 759 three-dimensional joint kinematics, 1695 total knee replacement, 1231 tremors, 1319 walking, 783, 853 wheelchair athletics, 601 Wigner distribution function, 567 Kinetics anaerobic metabolism, 997 cell adhesion, 23 Kistler force platform, 457 Klapskate, 1225 Knee anterior cruciate ligament, 1069 anterior tibial loads, 1147 Arthroscopically Implantable Force Probe, 889 articular cartilage, 669 balance recovery, 1619 basis functions, 901 flexion, 1423 force-controlled simulator, 1231 hamstring muscle compensation, 871 hip joint centre mislocation, 1479 kinematics, 435, 465, 1029, 1147 patellar cartilage deformation, 819 patellofemoral joint, 1441 screw-home motion, 1029 skeletal muscle, 917 standing posture, 795 tremor, 1319 Knoop microhardness anisotropy, 1551 Labrum, 953

Lacuna, 1131 Lagrange–Euler (ALE) formulation, 1079 Large intestine, 1089 Large-sliding contact elemens, 1611 Larynx, 1637 Laser Doppler anemomerty, 677, 701 Laser Raman microscopy, 483 Lateral balance, 1433 Laxity, hamstring muscle compensation, 871 Leaflet fibre-reinforcement, 521, 653, 1079 Leaflet motion, 199 Leg lift, 777 Leg resonant frequency, 853 Length–tension curve, wrist movement, 1341 Leukocytes, 35 Lifting, 225, 777, 1701 Ligaments collagen fibril D-period, 1569 glenohumeral joint, 345 strain measurement, 1529 stress relaxation, 1729 Limb load asymmetry (LLA), 1243 Linear model, cerebral haemodynamics, 395 Linear stiffening, 1543 Linear viscoelasticity, brain, 685 Linear wave separation theory, 299 Link (DNA supercoiling), 407 Liver, 367 LLA see Limb load asymmetry Load-carrying internal spinal fixator, 1099 Load-controlled testing apparatus, 635 Load displacement, 1723 Load-induced fluid flow, 247 Load–length–velocity relationships, 381 Load sharing, 145 Loading cervical spine, 191 femoral fracture, 499 lumbar spine, 1377 patellar cartilage, 819 Local solution accuracy, 255 Locomotion backward walking, 911 diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 1269 Global Positioning System, 1717 human, 1217 impact force, 219 lateral balance, 1433 pedalling, 155 skating, 1225 Longitudinal bone defects, 1517 Longitudinal stretching, mechanical cell stimulation, 3 Low radial/ulnar palsy, 1601 Low-back pain, 1733 Low-magnitude strain, 317 Lumbar spine asymmetric lifting, 225 backward walking, 911 compressive force, 795 continuous pure moment loads, 765 intra-abdominal pressure, 787 passive motion, 695 stability, 1377 unstable sitting, 1733 vertical vibration, 933 Luminal mass transport, 709

XXI

Lyapunov exponent, 1269 Macromolecule accumulation, 709 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, 1369 carotid artery bifurcation, 137, 975 human locomotion, 1217 patellar cartilage, 819 shoulder muscles, 609 Magnetic tracking device, 1039 Manual Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis, 1593 MAPK see Mitogen-activated protein kinase Marker reconstruction, 493 Mass arterial transport, 709 Mass distribution, running impact force, 219 Mass resonance, whole-body vertical vibration, 933 Material testing, composite synthetic model, 279 Mathematical cone, 629 Mathematical modelling cerebral haemodynamics, 395 DNA supercoiling, 407 Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis, 493 systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, 549 umbilical venous pulsation, 1123 Matrix mineralisation, 45 Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), 375, 1453 MCB see Morselised cancellous bone Mechanical energy, pole vault, 1263 Mechanical hysteresis, 1723 Mechanical impedance, 1513 Mechanical modelling, endovascular stent, 1461 Mechanical output, inverse dynamics, 1313 Mechanical power, running, 457 Mechanical signal transduction, 1663 Mechanical stimulation cells in vitro, 3 intracellular stress fibres, 1501 long bone fracture, 415 tissue culture explants, 1523 Mechanical stress, 53, 317 Mechanomyography (MMG), 427 Mechanotransduction, 53, 81 MEK-1 signalling, 73 Mesh refinement, 255 Mesh-matching algorithm, 1005 Metabolism, anaerobic, 997 Metacarpophalangeal joint, 1675 Microcracking, 337, 1169 Microdamage, 1131 Microfilaments, 1543 Microgrooved silicone substrata, 729 Microhardness, 1551 Micromotion bone in-growth, 1471 bone replacement prosthesis, 1175 cementless implants, 1611 Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis, 1593 Micropipette aspiration, 15 Microscopy, 1131 Microstructure-based computational

XXII

Subject Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XVII–XXV

modelling, 1575 Microtomography (computerised), 289 Middle ear, 581 Mineralisation, 881, 1169 Misfit, dental bridge, 1489 Mislocation, hip joint centre, 1479 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, 73 MMG see Mechanomyography Modular segmental bone replacement prosthesis, 1175 Molecular deformation, 483 Moment arm, 215, 375, 943 Moment distribution, 145 Moments of inertia, 191 Morse taper lock, 1175 Morselised cancellous bone (MCB), 1683 Motion analysis, 1029, 1207, 1695 Motion simulation, 635 Motor control, 155, 925 Motor strategies, 113 Motor unit recruitment, 827 Mouse see Murine models Movement control (cycling), 165 Movement disorders, 1207 Moving platform, 387 MRI see Magnetic resonance imaging Multi-body walking model, 1405 Multi-branched vessels, 1305 Multi-joint arm movement, 1705 Multi-joint muscles, 1105 Multi-phase optimal control, 393 Multi-segment spine specimens, 765 Murine models femoral fluoride exposure, 231 functional assessment, 751 osteoporosis, 289 plantar flexor muscles, 1035 Muscle see also Skeletal muscle ankle rotation, 1035 closed-loop control, 827 cross-bridge action, 1189 elbow, 635, 737, 943 fatigue, 1197 feline gastrocnemius, 427 force depression, 917 length–tension curves, 1341 load–length–velocity relationships, 381 occupational activity, 591 pedalling, 155 repetitive contraction, 969 sarcomere shortening, 1249 synergistic muscles, 1423 tendinous tissue, 1453 wheelchair athletics, 601 Muscle coordination, 165 Muscle force prediction, 225 Muscle redundancy, 1105 Muscle-tendon unit, 375 Musculo-skeletal system, 1340 MVC see Maximum voluntary contraction Myosin, 1189 Nanoindentation, 1335 Navier–Stokes equations, 717 Neck, 191

Nerve regeneration, 751 Neural networks, 1047 Neuropathy, 1135, 1269 Neuroprostheses, 827 Neutrophils, 15 No-flow conditions, 1507 Noise, Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis, 493 Non-linearity, whole-body vertical vibration, 933 Non-perpendicular camera view, 1529 Non-quasi-linear viscoelasticity, 605 Nonlinear dynamics, 853, 1269 Nuclear deformation, 81 Nucleus pulposus, 575 Numerical flow simulation, 137 Object point, 493 Oblique scaling, 1529 Occupational activity, 265, 591 Open magnetic resonance imaging, 609 Open-section effect, 1517 Optimal control, jump simulation, 393 Optimisation-based muscle force prediction, 225 Orientation intracellular stress fibres, 1501 magnetic tracking device, 1039 Orthopaedics femoral hip prostheses, 1655 mesh-matching algorithm, 1005 morselised cancellous bone grafts, 1683 Os calcis fracture, 745 Oscillatory flow, 1637 Osseointegration, 1611 Ossicle bones, 581 Ossification, 961 Osteoarthritis, 261 Osteoblasts, 45, 729 Osteocalcin synthesis, 45 Osteochondral repair, 1507 Osteocyte lacunae, 1131 Osteonal cortical bone, 881 Osteoporosis bone strength prediction, 289 femoral fracture, 209, 499 internal bone remodelling, 235 Ovine radius, 1551 Paretic finger, 1601 Particle image velocimetry (PIV), 623 Passive elevation, 609 Passive knee flexion, 465 Passive moment, 1675 Passive motion, 695 Patella articular cartilage, 669 basis functions, 901 cartilage deformation, 819 hamstring muscle compensation, 871 stress enhancement, 559 tendon grafts, 889 tendon stress relaxation, 1729 Patellofemoral (PF) joint, 1441, 1689 Pathline visualisation, 623 PCSA see Physiological cross-sectional area Pedalling, 155, 165, 173, 969

Pelvis, 695, 933 Pendulum model, walking, 853 Penis, 1739 Perfusion, 247 Peripheral nerve regeneration, 751 Peripheral neuropathy, 1135, 1269 Periprosthetic stress-shielding, 809 Perspective error, 1529 Peyronie’s disease, 1739 PF see Patellofemoral PFF see Pulsating fluid flow PFL see Pulse flow loop Phase difference, 1751 Phosphocreatine, 997 Physiological cross-sectional are (PCSA), 943 PIV see Particle image velocimetry Planar two-joint arm movements, 925 Plane-strain finite element model, 953 Plantar flexion, 375, 513, 1035, 1225 Plantar pressure, 1135 Plantaris, 1423 Plaque rupture, 443 Plate thickness, cancellous bone, 327, 641 Plexus lesion, 1207 Point cluster technique, 1217 Poisson’s ratio articular cartilage 1049 bone, 1325 canine knee, 669 Pole vault, 1263 Poroelasticity, 953, 1533 Porous microstructure, 881 Posture backward walking, 911 balance recovery, 1619 control, 387, 777 limb load asymmetry, 1243 unstable sitting, 1733 Preloads, spine flexibility testing, 1559 Preparatory limb unload strategy, 1243 Pressure gradient boundary condition, 1331 Pressure–flow relationship, 549 Primary loading modality, 3 Probability density functions, 1701 Proliferation, osteoblasts, 729 Pronation, 487, 1159 Prostaglandins, 53 Prostheses blood flow turbulence, 701 dynamic elastic response feet, 1745 femoral hip, 1655 heart valves, 653 modular segmental bone replacement, 1175 ossicular replacement, 581 standing, 1359 trans-tibial limb-socket, 895 Proximal femur, 499, 1325, 1655 Proximal moments, 1397 Pulmonary perfusion, 549 Pulsating fluid flow (PFF), 53 Pulse flow loop (PFL), 199 Pure moment loads, 765 Quarter-wavelength formula, 299 Quasi-linear viscoelasticity, 615 Racing wheelchair propulsion, 601

Subject Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XVII–XXV Radial palsy, 1601 Radius kinematics, 487 knoop microhardness anisotropy, 1551 motion simulation, 635 rigid body model, 1159 Raman microscopy, 483 Rat see Murine models RAVS see Residual absolute value sums RCPM see Rotary continuous passive motion Receptor–ligand interactions, 23 Recirculation zone, 623 Recoil, 1461 Red blood cells, 15, 355 Reflection point, 299 Reformation model, 925 Regression analysis, tremors, 1319 Regurgitant jets, 677 Renal medulla, 543 Repetitive muscular contraction, 969 Residual absolute value sums (RAVS), 1319 Residual strain, large intestine, 1089 Resistance load, wheelchair athletics, 601 Resonance walking patterns, 853 whole-body vibration, 1513 Resorption, 1655 Restenosis, 1287 Resurfacing 1645 Reynolds shear stress, 701 Rheumatoid arthritis, 1055 Rhythmic auditory stimulation, 1319 Rigid bodies analysis, 695 displacement, 181 modelling, 985, 1159 motion, 493 Rising, 1497 Robotics, 1147 Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA), 493, 759, 1593 Rotary continuous passive motion (RCPM), 695 Rotation arm joints, 985 calcaneus, 1397 glenohumeral joint, 34, 1629, 1711 knee, 465, 1029 scapular kinematics, 1063 tibia, 1147, 1387, 1397 Rotational blood flow, 717 Rotational inverse dynamics, 1313 Rowing, 241 RSA see Roentgen sterophotogrammetric analysis Running, 219, 269, 457, 997, 1387, 1397 Rupture, abdominal aortic aneursysm, 475 Sagittal plane kinematics, 269, 435 Sagittal plane magnetic resonance, 375 Sarcomere shortening, 1249 Satellite positioning, 1717 Scaling, tendon strain measurement, 1529 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 1153 Scapula, 1063, 1629, 1711 Scattering (ultrasound), 503 Sciatic nerve, 827

Screw-home motion, 1029 Seating, 695 SEC see Series elastic component Secondary blood flow, 137, 717 Selectins, 35 Self-similarity, 317 SEM see Scanning electron microscopy Semitendinosus muscle, 1249 Sensorimotor control, 1433 Sensory impairment, 1135 Series compliance, 1249 Series elastic component (SEC), 1249 Serum, 1585 Shape index (SI), 115 Shear apparatus, 1523 Shear flow, 1517 Shear modulus, 669, 1325 Shear rate, 1305 Shear strain, 181, 209 Shear stress abdominal aorta, 717 carotid arterial bifurcation, 975 cell rolling, 35 coronary bypass stenosis, 1011 coronary stent, 1287 endothelial cells, 35, 115, 127 mechanical cell stimulation, 3 Reynolds, 701 serum, 1585 Shoes, 1387 Shortening-stretch cycle, 531, 659 Shoulder, 345, 609, 1063 SI see Shape index Side-view flow assay, 35 Silicone microgrooves, 729 Simulated Annealing algorithm, 1619 Simulation input modeling, 1701 Sit-to-stand motor strategies, 1113 Sitting, 863, 1733 Skating, 1225 Skeletal movement, 1387 Skeletal muscle force depression, 659 force production, 531, 1035 load–length–velocity relationships, 381 repetitive contraction, 969 sarcomere shortening, 1249 stretch–shortening cycle, 1197 voluntary contraction, 917 Skeletal tissue mechanics, 1339 Skin finite element modelling, 645 marker trajectories, 1695 movement artefacts, 1217 Slip recovery, 803 Slow speed walking, 1269 Small solute transport, 543 Smooth stenosis, 1257 Softening (cells), 1543 Soleus, 1423 Spatial tracking system, 985 Speed skating, 1225 Sphericity, 1645 Spine compression force, 225 continuous passive motion, 695 continuous pure moment loads, 765

XXIII

flexibility testing, 1559 internal fixator, 1099 stability, 1377 trunk muscle coactivation, 1701 unstable sitting, 1733 Spontaneous emergent morphogenesis, 115 Spring–damper–mass model, 219 Sprinting, 997 Squeeze-film lubrication, 1415 SSC see Stretch-shortening cycle Stab-resistant body armour, 361 Stability elbow, 737 glenohumeral joint, 345 lumbar spine, 1377 standing, 1359 Stance perturbation, 387 Standing, 795, 1359 Stapes, 581 State trajectory, 393 Static displacement analysis, 759 Static loading, patellar cartilage, 819 Static model, balance recovery, 387 Stenoses circle of Willis, 395 coronary bypass, 1011 plaque rupture, 443 surface irregularities, 1257 Stentless fibre-reinforced aortic valve, 521 Stentless heart valve prosthesis, 653 Stents, 1287, 1461 Step initiation, 387 Stereo imaging, 105 Stereo photogrammetry, 199 Stiffening, cellular, 1543 Stiffness, multi-joint arm movement, 1705 Stochastic modelling, cell adhesion, 23 Strain adbominal organs, 367 bioprosthetic heart valve, 199 cartilage extracellular matrix, 1663 cerebral ventricles, 181 collagen fibres, 483, 1569 finite element analysis, 1005 human bone tissue, 63 ligament stress relaxation, 1729 tendons, 1529 Strain gauge, 361 Strain history, bone, 317 Strain-based failure theory, 209 Strength asymmetry, 1575 Stress abdominal organs, 367 anterior cruciate ligament, 1069 bioprosthetic heart valve, 199 bone longitudinal defects, 1517 bone replacement prosthesis, 1175 brain, 685 cartilage extracellular matrix, 1663 finite element analysis, 1005 joint trauma, 1689 large intestine, 1089 patellar tendon, 559 skin, 645 Stress fibres, 127, 1501 Stress relaxation articular cartilage, 1049

XXIV

Subject Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XVII–XXV

embryonic myocardium, 615 ligaments, 1729 rat plantar flexor muscles, 1035 Stress shielding, 809, 1655 Stress-based failure theory, 209 Stretch-shortening cycle (SSC), 532, 1197 Stride length, 803 Structural optimisation, 1349 Subchondral bone, 1153, 1689 Subject-specific finite element models, 809 Submaximal extension, 145 Substrate distention, 3 Subtended angles, 1645 Sudden loading, 1377 Supercoils (DNA), 407 Superficial zone, 1415 Supination, 487, 1159 Support-surface translation, 387 Surface irregularities arterial stenoses, 1257 bone anchorage strength, 1297 Surface mechanomyography (MMG), 427 Surface reconstruction, 199 Surgical reconstruction, interphalangeal joint, 1055 Swimming, 507 Synchronisation, Direct Linear Transformation, 1751 Synergistic muscles, 1423 Synovial fluid filtration, 1415 Synthetic heart valves, 521, 653 Systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, 549 TA see Tibialis anterior Taper lock, 1175 Tapering, 299 Taping, ankle sprains, 513 Telemetry, 361, 1099 Telescopic inverted-pendulum (TIP), 1113 Temporomandibular joint disc, 307 Tendons feline gastrocnemius, 427 hysteresis measurements, 1723 interphalangeal joint, 1055 patellar, 559, 1441 strain measurement, 1529 stress relaxation, 1729 tibialis anterior, 215, 375 tissue stretch, 1453 Tensegrity, 1543 Tensile strength, subchondral bone, 1153 Tensile test, fibroblasts, 97 THA see Total hip arthroplasty THR see Total hip replacement Three-dimensional automatic meshing, 1005 Three-dimensional computational model, systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, 549 Three-dimensional constitutive model, abdominal organs, 367 Three-dimensional deformation, 1069 Three-dimensional electromagnetic tracking, 1629 Three-dimensional finite element modelling bone adaptation, 1349 dental bridge misfit, 1489 middle ear dynamics, 581 modular segmental bone replacement

prosthesis, 1175 temporomandibular joint disc, 307 Three-dimensional flow, 1637 Three-dimensional kinematics, 1263, 1695 Three-dimensional marker reconstruction, 493 Three-dimensional motion analysis, 1207 Three-dimensional numerical simulation, blood flow, 1011 Three-dimensional reconstruction actin cytoskeleton, 105 coronary stent, 1287 Three-dimensional rotation, 837 Tibia anterior loads, 1147 articular cartilage, 669 composite synthetic model, 279 fractures, 415 hamstring muscle compensation, 871 human locomotion, 1217 limb-socket prosthesis, 895 passive knee flexion, 465 running, 1387, 1397 trabecular bone failure, 1575 walking, 1397 Tibial nerve repair, 751 Tibialis anterior (TA) tendon B-mode ultrasonography, 215 hysteresis measurements, 1723 muscle–tendon unit, 375 tissue stretch, 1453 Time-dependent loading, 1349 Time-frequency analysis, 567 Time-varying laryngeal channel, 1637 TIP see Telescopic inverted-pendulum Tissue culture, 3, 1523 differentiation, 1279 envelopment, 845 strength asymmetry, 1575 transformation, 961 TKA see Total knee arthroplasty TKR see Total knee replacement Toeoff, 783 Torsion, 231, 279, 1325, 1517 Total hip arthroplasty (THA), 1655 Total hip replacement (THR), 1645 Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), 1279 Total knee replacement (TKR), 435, 1231 Touchdown, 513 Trabecular bone digital image-based finite element modelling, 255 elastic modulus, 1335 failure, 1575 strength prediction, 289 thickness formula, 327, 641 Trabeculated embryonic myocardium, 615 Tracer studies, 247 Tracking devices, 1023, 1039 Training instrumentation (rowing), 241 Transcapillary exchange, 543 Transducers, implantable force probe, 889 Transient cell-surface adhesion, 35 Translational method, inverse dynamics, 1313 Translations, Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis, 1593

Transmissibility, whole-body vibration, 933, 1513 Transmission electron microscopy, 81 Transmitter, magnetic tracking devices, 1039 Transversus abdominis, 787 Trauma model, 2689 Tremors (knee), 1319 Tripping, 1497 Trunk loads, 1377 Trunk muscle coactivation, 1701 Trunk posture, 911 Tunica albuginea, 1739 Turbulent flow, 701 Turbulent jets, 677 Twist (DNA supercoiling), 407 Two-dimensional fluid structure interaction model, 1079 Two-dimensional kinematics, 1263 Tow-joint arm movement, 925 Two-step rotation, 837 UFS see Universal force–moment sensor Ulna, 487, 635, 1159 Ulnar palsy, 1601 Ultrasonography B-mode, 215 tibialis anterior, 1723 ultrasound scattering, 503 in vivo tendinous tissue stretch, 1453 Umbilical venous pulsation, 1123 Uniaxial substratum strain, 63 Universal force–moment sensor (UFS), 1147 Unstable sitting, 1733 Upper extremities, 1207 Valve leaflet motion, 199 Valvular regurgitation, 677 Velocity characteristics, fall activities, 1497 Ventricles (cerebral), 181 Vertebral mass, 191 Vertical jumping, 393, 1313 Vestibular folds, 1637 Vibration standing, 795 whole-body, 933, 1513 Video dimension analyser, 97 Video-based motion analysis, 1695 Viscoelasticity, 367, 615, 685, 1325 Viscosity, micropipette aspiration, 15 Vision, 1243 Vision-based reconstruction, 105 Visualisation, dynamic lifting, 777 Vocal cords, 1637 Voluntary contraction, 215, 917 Walking, 783 abnormal, 1405 backward, 911 bone in-growth, 1417 diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 1269 dynamic knee simulator, 1231 foot displacement, 803 Global Positioning System measurements, 1717 lateral balance, 1433 resonant frequencies, 853

Subject Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XVII–XXV tibial rotation, 1397 velocity characteristics, 1497 Wall shear stress (WSS) abdominal aorta, 717 carotid arterial bifurcation, 975 coronary bypass stenoses, 1011 endothelial cells, 115 Wave reflection, 299 Waveform analysis, 1319 Wear particle diffusion, 1279

Wheelchair athletics, 601 White blood cells see Leukocytes Whole-body vibration, 933, 1513 Wigner distribution function, 567 Worn-out cartilage superficial zone, 1415 Wrist, 591, 925, 1341, 1675 WSS see Wall shear stress

XXV

Young, 1113 Young’s modulus articular cartilage, 1533 chondrocytes, 261 proximal femur, 1325 subchondral bone, 1153 Zonal difference, articular cartilage, 1533

Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XXVII–XXX

Author Index

Advani, S. G. 1655 Aerts, P. 269 Ait-Haddou, R. 1105 Akima, H. 215 Aldman, B. 181 Alexander, E. J. 1217 Allen, F. D. 1585 Ament, Ch. 961 Anderson, F. C. 969 Anderson, I. A. 327 Andersson, H. I. 1257 Andhyiswara, I. 1287 Andriacchi, T. P. 1217 Arampatzis, A. 457, 1263 Ariff, B. 975 Armstrong, A. J. 191 Arokoski, J. P. A. 669 Arruda, E. M. 645 Assal, J.-P. 1135 Audigie, F. 1751 Baaijens, F. P. T. 653, 1079 Bader, D. L. 81, 483 Bagge, M. 1349 Baleani, M. 1611 Baratta, R. V. 381, 427, 827 Barbaro, V. 701 Bauby, C. E. 1433 Beat Scheidegger, M. 137 Bednarz, P. 1369 Beek, M. 307, 1023 Belkoff, S. M. 1569 Bellchamber, T. L. 1397 Belsky, M. 1543 Bemporad, E. 1153 Berger, S. A. 443 Bergmann, G. 1099, 1471 Berme, N. 1745 Bernakiewicz, M. 1611 Bertolotti, C. 1011 Beynnon, B. D. 345, 889 Biegstraaten, M. 1139 Binding, P. 1105, 1423 Biryukova, E. V. 985 Bischoff, J. E. 645 Blakeney, D. C. 751 Blaszczyk, J. W. 1243 Blondeau, C. 685 Bobbert, M. F. 1225 Boesiger, P. 137 Bolton, J. F. 81 Bonel, H. 609 Bonfield, W. 1169 Botnar, R. 137 Bouffioux, V. 1637 Bout, R. G. 759 Bouxsein, M. L. 503

Brady, R. A. 803 Braidotti, P. 1153 Brand, R. A. 1, 63 Bruggemann, G.-P. 1263 Brighton, C. T. 1585 Brown, N. A. 969 Brown, T. D. 3 Bruehlmann, S. B. 1559 Bru¨ggemann, G.-P. 457 Bryant, J. T. 953 Buchanan, T. S. 943 Burdet, E. 1705 Burger, E. H. 53 Buschmann, M. D. 1533 Cacciola, G. 521, 653 Camacho, D. L. 191 Cameron, T. 1341 Cappello, A. 1479 Cappozzo, A. 1113, 1479 Carlsson, G. A. 289 Carlton, L. G. 601 Carman, J. B. 327 Cassot, F. 395 Cavanagh, P. R. 1029, 1269 Chadwick, E. K. J. 361, 591 Chae, W.-s. 601 Chaffin, D. B. 777 Chan, K. M. 1441 Chandran, K. B. 717 Chao, E. Y. S. 1175, 1517 Charras, G. T. 255 Chen, H. H. 845 Chen, J. 1739 Chen, J. Y. 1305 Chen, T. J. 1575 Cheng, P. L. 837 Cheng, Y. 105 Che`ze, L. 1695 Chinzei, K. 1369 Chiu, J. 863 Cholewicki, J. 1377, 1733 Chow, J. W. 601 Chu, Y.-H. 1175 Claes, L. 45 Cleveland, R. O. 503 Cochelin, B. 1461 Contro, R. 1489 Cook, J. A. 911 Couteau, B. 1005 Crago, P. E. 1675 Cripton, P. A. 1559 Cristofolini, L. 279, 1611 Currey, J. D. 337 Cusumano, J. P. 1269 Da Silva, J. 1135 Daniele, C. 701

Daunicht, W. J. 1159 Dawson, T. 1645 Day, J. S. 1039 de Boer, Y. A. 1139 De Clercq, D. 269 de Groot, G. 1225 De Hart, J. 1079 de Koning, J. J. 1225 de Leval, M. R. 549 De Wit, B. 269 Debski, R. E. 1147 Decesare, A. 677 Degueurce, C. 1751 Delouche, A. 677 Delouche, P. 677 Delp, S. L. 901, 943 Denoix, J. 1751 Deplano, V. 1011 DesJardins, J. D. 1231 Dhaher, Y. Y. 901 Dickey, J. P. 765 Diebold, B. 677 Dietz, V. 1359 Dingwell, J. B. 1269 Disselhorst-Klug, C. 1207 Dong, C. 35 Donker, E. 1023 D’Alessio, T. 1153 Dubini, G. 549 Duda, G. N. 1175 Dumas, G. A. 765, 1039 Dumoulin, C. 1461 Dunning, C. E. 635 D‘Ambrosia, R. 381 D‘Avenio, G. 701 Eckstein, F. 609, 819 Eik-Nes, S. H. 1123 Elad, D. 1739 Elias, J. J. 1175, 1517 Englmeier, K. H. 819 Englmeier, K.-H. 609 Everitt, N. M. 1551 Evers, J. J. M. 695 Ewers, B. J. 1689 Faravel, L. 1135 Feikes, J. D. 465 Feldstein, M. J. 1575 Ferguson, S. J. 953 Ferris, P. 581 Fleming, B. C. 889 Florer, J. 729 Floyd, S. 361 Forbes Dewey, C. Jr. 105 Forst, R. 1325 Fowler, N. K. 1055 Frank, E. H. 1523

XXVIII Franklin, D. W. 1705 Fraser, W. B. 407 Frassica, F. J. 1175, 1517 Frazin, L. J. 717 Fritton, S. P. 317 Fritz, M. 795 Frolov, A. A. 985 Fukashiro, S. 1313 Fukunaga, T. 215 Fumero, R. 549 Galiotis, C. 483 Ganz, R. 953 Gao, C. 1089 Gao, Z. B. 199 Gardner, T. N. 415 Gardner-Morse, M. G. 737 Gefen, A. 1739 Geiger, D. 1751 Geil, M. D. 1745 Gerritsen, K. G. 1313 Giakas, G. 567 Gillard, D. M. 1341 Gionso, L. 1489 Glasscock, N. F. 1701 Glomsaker, T. 1257 Godest, A.-C. 435 Goossens, R. H. M. 695 Grabiner, M. D. 803 Grace Chao, P.-H. 73 Graichen, F. 1099 Graichen, H. 609 Gray, T. G. F. 361 Grazia Benedetti, M. 1479 Gregersen, H. 1089 Gregson, P. J. 435 Griffin, M. J. 933 Grigioni, M. 701 Grodzinsky, A. J. 1523 Grood, E. S. 729 Grosh, K. 645 Guglielmi, J.-P, 677 Guilak, F. 1, 1663 Guillaume, A. 685 Guldberg, R. E. 255 Gussekloo, S. W. S. 759 Haider, H. 1231 Halden, R. 1257 Han, J.-S. 629 Hane, K. 127 Hansson, S. 1297 Hartemink, C. A. 105 Hartwig, J. H. 105 Hasegawa, Y. 97 Hatze, H. 393 Haut, R. C. 1689 Hawkins, D. 241 Hayashi, K. 97 He Zhou, B. 427 Hebert, R. 1243 Heegaard, J. H. 771 Hellevik, L. R. 1123 Helm, M. B. 487 Helminen, H. J. 669 Hentz, V. R. 1601 Herment, A. 677

Author Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XXVII–XXX Herzog, W. 165, 531, 659, 917, 1105, 1187, 1423 Hesselbach, J. 487 Hille, E. 1471 Hirokawa, S. 1069 Hlava´c˘ek, M. 1415 Hochmuth, R. M. 15 Hofer, E. P. 961 Holtman, K. 63 Hosein, N. 199 Houdijk, H. 1225 Howard, C. S. 751 Hreljac, A. 783 Hsia, T.-Y. 549 Hughes, A. D. 975 Hughes, R. E. 225 Huiskes, R. 1279 Hukins, D. W. L. 575 Hung, C. T. 73, 1585 Hung, L. K. 1441 Hunziker, E. B. 669 Huxley, A. F. 1189 Hwang, N. H. C. 199 Idowu, B. D. 81 Igloria, R. 809 Ignatius, A. 45 Iqbal, K. 387, 1619 Irgens, F. 1123 Ito, K. 953 Ito, M. 215 Ivarsson, J. 181 Janssen, B. A. M. 759 Jin, M. 1523 Jinha, A. 1423 Johnson, J. A. 635 Joldersma, M. 53 Joshi, M. G. 1655 Jurvelin, J. S. 669, 1049 Kachanov, M. 881 Kaplan, M. L. 771 Karduna, A. R. 1063 Karner, G. 709 Kaspar, C. 45 Kastner, N. 63 Kataoka, N. 127 Kautz, S. A. 155 Kawakami, Y. 1249 Kawato, M. 1705 Kayser, M. V. 81 Keane, A. J. 435 Keaveny, T. M. 1575 Keller, T. 1359 Kenyon, G. P. 1319 Keyak, J. H. 209, 499 Kilgore, K. L. 1675 King, G. J. W. 635 Kiserud, T. 1123 Klein-Nulend, J. 53 Knicker, A. 457 Knight, M. M. 81 Knothe Tate, M. 415 Knothe Tate, M. L. 247 Knothe, U. 247 Knutson, J. S. 1675

Komi, P. V. 1197 Koolstra, J. H. 307 Kovanen, V. 1049 Krams, R. 1287 Kuang, Z.-B. 355 Kuiper, J. H. 1645 Kukreti, U. 1569 Kuo, A. D. 1433 Ladetto, Q. 1717 Lavalle´e, S. 1005 Leardini, A. 1479 Lee, D. 1305 Lee, D. A. 81 Lee, H.-D. 917 Lehto-Axtelius, D. 289 Lei, X. X. 35 Lemberger, B. 819 Lengsfeld, M. 695 Leonard, T. R. 531, 659 Levenston, M. E. 1523 Li, C. K. 1441 Li, L. P. 1533 Lieber, R. L. 1249 Liepsch, D. 137 Liu, H. 115 Liu, Q. 863 Liu, W. 219, 871 Loening, A. M. 1523 Long, Q. 975 Lovsund, P. 181 Lu, Y. 827 Lundberg, A. 1387 Lysack, J. T. 765 Madsen, J. E. 289 Maganaris, C. N. 375, 1453, 1723 Maitland, M. E. 871 Maki, B. E. 387 Malkani, A. L. 1683 Mansfield, N. J. 933 Mansour, J. M. 1507, 1675 Marc-Vergnes, J.-P. 395 Marks, L. 415 Marsh, A. P. 173 Marshall, R. N. 783 Martin, J. C. 969 Martin, P. E. 173 Matsunami, K. 925 Matsuo, S. 1405 Mauck, R. L. 73 McClure, P. W. 1063 McLeod, K. J. 317 Mcllroy, W. E. 387 McNally, D. S. 1551 Meakin, J. R. 575 Medige, J. 751 Meershoek, L. S. 1529 Merminod, B. 1717 Metzler, V. 457 Michener, L. A. 1063 Migliavacca, F. 549 Miller, C. E. 615 Miller, F. 1655 Miller, K. 367, 1369 Millikan, T. A. 601 Milner, T. E. 1705

Author Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XXVII–XXX Mirka, G. A. 1701 Mishra, S. 415 Miyazaki, H. 97 Mokhtari, M. 985 Morari, M. 1359 Morlock, M. M. 1471 Morse, M. I. 601 Mow, V. C. 73, 1663 Moy, O. J. 751 Muccini, R. 1611 Murdoch, D. J. 1039 Murray, W. M. 943 Myers, B. S. 191 Nagano, A. 1313 Nagayama, K. 127 Nagels, J. 1629 Nakazawa, K. 1359 Natarajan, R. N. 809 Nawab, A. 1683 Neidlinger-Wilke, C. 45 Nelissen, R. G. H. H. 1593 Neptune, R. R. 155, 165, 513 Newberry, W. N. 1689 Nguyen, G. 381 Nichols, C. E. 345 Nicholson, P. H. F. 503 Nicol, A. C. 361, 591, 837, 1055 Niebur, G. L. 1575 Nigg, B. M. 219, 513, 1387 Nightingale, R. W. 191 Nolte, L.-P. 1559 Nordsletten, L. 289 Northmore-Ball, M. D. 1645 Novotny, J. E. 345 Nuber, G. W. 145 Nussbaum, M. A. 777, 1047 Olander, B. 289 Orizio, C. 427 Ormel, W. 1139 Orr, T. E. 1559 Orssengo, G. 1369 Osmont, D. 685 Osu, R. 1705 Owings, T. M. 803 Oxland, T. R. 1559 O‘Connor, J. J 465 Pai, Y.-C. 387, 1619 Palmer, G. 73 Pandorf, T. 1325 Pandya, S. 199 Papa, E. 1113 Pappas, I. P. 1359 Parnianpour, M. 1745 Pataky, Z. 1135 Paul, J. P. 837, 1453, 1723 Pavol, M. J. 803 Payan, Y. 1005 Peimer, C. A. 751 Pennati, G. 549 Perktold, K. 137, 709 Perry, J. 1231 Perry, S. D. 387 Peters, G. W. M. 521, 653, 1079 Peura, G. D. 889 Pfleiderer, M. 1471

Piazza, S. J. 1029 Pietrabissa, R. 549, 1489 Pietsch, I. T. 487 Pintar, F. A. 745 Pioletti, D. P. 1729 Pollack, S. R. 1585 Polzhofer, G. K. 1733 Ponticiello, M. 1049 Popovic´, M. 1359 Pourcelot, P. 1751 Prendergast, P. J. 581 Prince, F. 1243 Prochazka, A. 1341 Qin, L. 1441 Quaglini, V. 1489 Quesada, P. 1745 Rabben, S. I. 1123 Radebold, A. 1377, 1733 Radermacher, K. 1325 Radford, P. F. 997 Raghavan, M. L. 475 Raia, F. 73 Raiche, M. 1243 Rakotomanana, L. R. 1729 Rappitsch, G. 137 Ratcliffe, A. 73 Rath, D. A. 635 Rau, G. 1207 Reich, J. 1159 Reilly, G. C. 337, 1131 Reinschmidt, C. 1387 Reiser, M. 609, 819 Renotte, C. 1637 Riches, P. E. 1551 Robinette, J. J. 191 Robinovitch, S. N. 863 Roby-Brami, A. 985 Rodgers, V G. J. 717 Rohlmann, A. 1099 Rolf, C. 1441 Ross Henshaw, D. 73 Rossi, S. A. 209 Roth, S. E. 635 Rowen, B. 629 Rozing, P. M. 1139, 1629 Rubin, C. T. 317 Rudy, T. W. 1147 Ryd, L. 493, 1279, 1593 Rymer, W. Z. 901 Ryu, J. 629 Sacks, M. S. 199 Sakane, M. 1147 Saloner, D. 443 Sanders, J. E. 895 Sanderson, D. J. 173 Sandler, R. 863 Santare, M. H. 1655 Sarron, J.-C. 685 Sasaki, M. 127 Sathasivan, S. 435 Sato, M. 1, 127 Schade, F. 1263 Schamhardt, H. C. 1529

Schiffers, N. 1325 Schmidt, R. 1207 Schneider, E. 1471 Schreurs, P. J. G. 521, 1079 Schutz, Y. 1717 Sciuto, S. A. 1153 Segers, P. 299 Seidl, W. 45 Seipel, R. 745 Semeins, C. M. 53 Serruys, P. W. 1287 Sevostianov, I. 881 Shiba, N. 1405 Shipkowitz, T. 717 Shirazi-Adl, A. 1533 Silva, M. J. 231 Simion, M. 1489 Simon, S. 1745 Simonis de Cloke, C. 435 Simons, A. P. 1377 Slager, C. J. 1287 Smith, C. L. 1507 Smith, S. D. 1513 Snijders, C. J. 695 Solomonow, M. 381, 427, 827 Soncini, M. 1489 Spears, I. R. 1471 Spirduso, W. W. 969 Stacoff, A. 1387 Stagni, L. 1153 Stagni, R. 1479 Stammberger, T. 609, 819 Stanfield, P. M. 1701 Stanford, C. M. 1, 63 Stanton, A. V. 975 Stauber, W. T. 1035 Steinman, D. A. 623 Stenstrom, M. 289 Stergiopulos, N. 1123 Stergioulas, L. K. 567 Sternad, D. 1269 Stokdijk, M. 1139, 1629 Stokes, I. A. F. 737 Stoll, T. 415 Strelitzki, R. 503 Stroud, J. S. 443 Stump, D. M. 407 Sumner, D. R. 809 Suter, E. 917 Suzuki, M. 925 Tagawa, Y. 1405 Takemasa, T. 1501 Tang, C. Y. 1441 Tanner, K. E. 1169, 1645 Taylor, M. 435 Terrier, P. 1717 Thaurt, M. H. 1319 Thom, S. A. 975 Thomas, G. 63 Thompson, M. S. 1645 Tohyama, H. 559 Toksvig-Larsen, S. 1593 Towles, J. D. 1601 Tscherne, H. 487 Tsili, M. C. 235 Tsuruno, R. 1069

XXIX

XXX Ullrich, C. R. 1683 Ulrich, S. R. 231 Valero-Cuevas, F. J. 1601 Valhmu, W. B. 73 Valstar, E. R. 1593 van Beusekom, H. M. 1287 van den Bogert, A. J. 513, 1387, 1397 van der Giessen, W. J. 1287 van Deursen, D. L. 695 van Eijden, T. M. G. J. 307, 1023 van Emmerik, R. E. A 853 van Ruijven, L. J. 307, 1023 Vashishth, D. 1169 Veeger, H. E. J. 1139, 1711 Veicsteinas, A. 427 Verdonck, P. 299 Viano, D. C. 181 Viceconti, M. 279, 1611 Vilensky, J. A. 911 Vilnay, O. 1543 Volokh, K. Yu. 1543 Voor, M. J. 1683 Vorp, D. A. 475 Vosselman, M. G. 759 Vourdas, A. 567 Vrooman, H. A. 1593

Author Index / Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) XXVII–XXX Wagenaar, R. C. 853 Walker, P. S. 435, 1231 Wang, C. C.-B. 73 Wang, J. H.-C. 629, 729 Wang, W. 543 Wang, Y.-N. 483 Ward-Smith, A. J. 997 Watson, P. J. 407 Wayne Brodland, G. 845 Weichert, D. 1325 Weinans, H. 809 Weinberg, A. M. 487 Welsch, F. 63 Wenstrup, R. 729 Wentzel, J. J. 1287 Whelan, D. M. 1287 Willems, M. E. T. 1035 Wilquem, F. 1637 Wilson, D. R. 465 Wilson, J. R. 1701 Wirtz, D. 1325 Wong, C. L. 615 Wong, M. 1049 Woo, S. L.-Y. 1147 Wright, I. C. 513 Wu, G. 1497 Wu, J. Z. 659

Xu, X. Y. 975 Yakovenko, S. 1341 Yamada, H. 1501 Yamaguchi, T. 115, 1501 Yamamoto, Y. 115 Yamashita, T. 1405 Yamazaki, Y. 925 Yasuda, K. 559 Yen, D. 765 Yoganandan, N. 745 Yoshioka, T. 1705 Yuan, X. 493, 1279 Yuen, J. C. 1575 Zachariah, S. G. 895 Zagzoule, M. 395 Zaharias, R. 63 Zajac, F. E. 155 Zavatsky, A. B. 465 Zhang, J.-B. 355 Zhang, L.-Q. 145 Zhang, X. 777 Zhao, S. Z. 975 Zhou, B.-H. 827 Zhu, C. 23 Zhu, M. 827