Volume 49 List of contents

VOLUME

49

LIST OF CONTENTS Number 1 Original Articles Kendon J. Conrad, Elly Budiin-Mak, Kathryn E. Roach, and Donald Hedeker

1

Impacts of foot orthoses on pain and disability in rheumatoid arthritics

9

How should relative risk estimates for acute otitis media in children aged less than 2 years be perceived?

C. Bouchet, F. GuiUemin, and S. Briancon

I.5

Nonspecific effects in longitudinal studies: Impact on quality of life measures

Madeleine T. King, Annett J. Dobson, and Paul R. Harnett

21

A comparison of two quality-of-life questionnaires for cancer clinical trials: The Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire Core Module (QLQC30)

L. Prieto, J. Alonso, M. C. Viladrich, J. M. Ant6

31

Scaling the Spanish version of the Nottingham Health Profile: Evidence of limited value of item weights

Coen A. M. van Bennekom, Frank Jelles, Gustaaf J. Lankhorst, and Lex M. Bouter

39

Responsiveness of the Rehabilitation Activities Profile and the Barthel Index

Kensuke Nomiyama, Kazuo Ueda, Yutaka Kiyohara, Isao Kato, Takao Ohmura, Hiromitsu Iwamoto, Keizo Nakayama, Masaru Ohmori, Tsuyoto Yoshitake, Katuo Sueishi, Masazumi Tsuneyoshi, and Masatoshi Fujishima

45

Malignant neoplasms in the Japanese community of Hisayama: Mortality and changing pattern during a 30-year observation period based on a consecutive autopsy series

Janice D. Roberts, Leslie L. Roes, Linda A. Poffenroth, Thomas H. Hassard, Judith D. Bebchuk, Anne 0. Carter, and Barbara Law

51

Surveillance of vaccine-related adverse events in the first year of life: A Manitoba cohort study

and

59

Estimation of survival after AIDS diagnosis: CD4 T lymphocyte count versus clinical severity

Liora Ore, Ruth Hardoff, Sara Gips, Ada Tamir, and Leon Epstein

67

Observer variation in the interpretation of bone scintigraphy

W. Friedl, R. Schmidt, W. J. Stronegger, A. Irmler, B. Reinhart, and M. Koch

73

Mini Mental State Examination: Influence of sociodemographic, environmental and behavioral factors, and vascular risk factors

Emre Kokmen, Yasef Gzsarfati, C. Mary Beard, Peter C. O’Brien, Walter A. Rocca

79

Impact of referral bias on clinical and epidemiological studies of Alzheimer’s disease

85

Anxiety and depressive symptom identification using the Duke Health Profile

95

Estimating the costs attributable to a disease with application to ovarian cancer

105

Attribution of causation in epidemiology: Chain or mosaic?

Olli-Pekka

Alho, Esa L&&r& and Hannu Oja

Barbara J. Turner, Francesco Taroni

Leona Markson,

George R. Parkerson, Jr., W. Eugene Broadhead, and Chiu-Kit

and

and

J. Tse

Ruth Etzioni, Nicole Urban, and Mary Baker Second Thoughts Bruce G. Charlton

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

REPORTS

Diane K. Wysowski, Carlene Baum, William J. Ferguson, Frank Lundm, Moh-Jee Ng, and Thomas Hammerstrom

111

Sedative-hypnotic

drugs and the risk of hip fracture

Ron M. C. Herings, Bruno H. C. Stricker, Anthonius de Boer, Albert Bakker, Ferd Sturmans, and Andy Stergachis

115

Current use of thiazide diuretics and the prevention of femur fractures

Pascale Tubert-Bitter, Bernard Begaud, Yola Moride, Anicet Chaslerie, and Franqoise Haramburu

121

Comparing the toxicity of two drugs in the framework of spontaneous reporting: A confidence interval approach

Number Original Articles James F. Sallis, Joy M. Zakarian, Melbourne F. Hovel& and

2

125

Ethnic, socioeconomic, and sex differences in physical activity among adolescents

Morris Weinberger, Eugene Z. Oddone, Gregory P. Samsa, and Pamela B. Landsman

135

Are health-related quality-of-life measures affected by the mode of administration?

Rachelle Buchbinder, Vivek Goel, Claire Bombardier, and Sheihxh Hogg-Johnson

141

Classification systems of soft tissue disorders of the neck and upper limb: Do they satisfy methodological guidelines?

Jacek A. Kopec, John M. Esdaile, M&al Abrahamowicz, Lucien Abenhaim, Sharon Wood-Dauphiiee, Donna L. Lamping, and J. Ivan Williams

151

The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale: Conceptualization development

163

The evaluation of changes in functional health with abdominal complaints

173

Proxy response patterns among the aged: Effects of estimates of health status and medical care utilization from the l982- 1984 Long Term Care Surveys

M. D. Brundage and W. J. Maeklllop

183

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Do we know the questions? A survey of randomized trials from 1966-1993

Amy C. Justice, Linda H. Aiken, Herbert L. Smith, and Barbara J. Turner

193

The role of functional status in predicting inpatient mortality with AIDS: A comparison with current predictors

Robert D. Lauger, Michael H. Criqui, Heather S. Feigelson, Theresa J. M&arm, and Robert N. Hamburger

203

IgE predicts future nonfatal myocardial infarction in men

Katja L. Esrey, Lawrence Steven A. Grover

211

Relationship between dietary intake and coronary heart disease mortality: The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Follow-Up Study

Bruce A. Reeder, Liyan Liu, and Louis Horlick

217

Selective screening for dyslipidemia in a Canadian population

Alice D. White, Aaron R. Folsom, L. E. Cbambless, A. Richey Sharre& Kiduk Yang, David Conwill, Mullcent Hlgghls, 0. Dole wii, H. A. Tryoler, and the ARIC Investigators

223

Community surveillance of coronary heart disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: Methods and initial two years’ experience

R. Jadad and Henry J. McQuay

235

Me&analyses to evaluate analgesic interventions: A systematic qualitative review of their methodology

C. Richard Hofstetter

and

H. M. Jacobs, F. W. M. M. Touw-Otten, R. A. de Melker Larry

S. Corder,

and

Max A. Woodbury,

Kenneth G. Manton

Alejandro

Joseph, and

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

status

and

in patients

REPORTS

Ronald D. Mann, Kiyoshi Kubota, Gll Pearce, and Lynda Wilton

247

Salmeterol: A study by prescription-event cohort of 15,407 patients

Molly

251

Monitoring of antibiotic hospital

255

Aspirin or acetaminophen? A comparison from data collected by the Spanish Drug Monitoring System

263

Self-reported allergy, infection, and autoimmune diseases among men and women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol

Thomas, Shalii

G&l,

Moses B. V.,

and Abraham Joseph AIfonso Carvqjal, Juan Ram6n Prieto, Ana Alvarez Requejo, and

use

monitoring in a UK

in a primary and a tertiary care

Luis II. Martfn Arias Donna Day Baird,

Arthur L. Herhst

Allen J. Wilcox,

and

Number 3 Original Articles Barry Gumbiner, Elena M. Andresen, F. Terry Hearne, T. Erik Michaelson, Michael Bryson, Wayne M. Lednar, and Roger Cass

267

Metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a working population: A retrospective cohort study

William A. Gbali, Ruth E. Hall, Amy K. Rosen, Arlene S. Ash, and Mark A. Moskowitz

273

Searching for an improved clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9.CM administrative data

Harald Herbolz, David C. Gaff, David J. Ramsey, Frances A. Cban, Carmen Ortiz, Darwin R. Labartbe, and Milton Z. Nicbaman

279

Women and Mexican Americans receive fewer cardiovascular drugs following myocardial infarction than men and nonHispanic whites: The Corpus Christi Heart Project, 1988-1990

Dan R. Berlowitz, Gary H. Brandeis, Harriet K. Brand, Jay Halpern, Arlene S. Ash, and Mark A. Moskowitz

289

Evaluating pressure ulcer occurrence in long-term care: Pitfalls in interpreting administrative data

C. A. McGilcbrist, L. F. McDonnell, L. J. Jorm, and M. S. Pate1

293

Loglinear models using capture-recapture methods to estimate the size of a measles epidemic

Michael Von KorII, T. Bedirban Ustun, Joban Ormel, Incila Kaplan, and Gregory E. Simon

297

Self-report disability in an international primary care study of psychological illness

Aryeb D. Stein and Ruth I. Lederman

305

Prevention-oriented life styles and diffusion of cholesterol screening and awareness: Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys,

1987-1991

Alba Mitchell-DiCenso, Gordon Guyatt, Bosco Paes, Susan Blats, Haresb Kirpalani, Marla Fryers, Mabel Hunsberger, Janet Pinelli, Leslie Van Dover, and Doris Southwell

313

A new measure of parent satisfaction with medical care provided in the neonatal intensive care unit

T. A. Wiegers, M. J. N. C. Keirse, G. A. H. Berghs, and J. van der Zee

319

An approach to measuring quality of midwifery care

Reinoud J. B. J. Gemke and Gouke J. Bonsel

327

Reliability and validity of a comprehensive health status measure in a heterogeneous population of children admitted to intensive care

Nikbrs Ravaja, Lii and Jot-ma Viiari

335

Type A behavior and metabolic syndrome precursors in young adults

Donald J. Brambllla, Sonja M. M&Inlay, John B. McKlnlay, Sheila R. Weiss, Catherine B. Johannes, Sybil L. Crawford, and Christopher Longcope

345

Does collecting repeated blood samples from each subject improve the precision of estimated steroid hormone levels?

Juan L. GutHrrez-File, and Carmen Rodriguez

351

Trends in obesity differences by educational level in Spain

Anna Bexell, Elastus Lwando, Bjiim von Hofsten, Swede Tembo, Bo Eriksson, and Vinod K. Diwan

355

Improving drug use through continuing education: A randomized controlled trial in Zambia

Xavier Badla and Jordl AIonso

359

Validity and reproducibility of the Spanish version of the Sickness Impact Profile

Fabii Barbone, Silvia Frances&i, Renato Tahmtlni, Luigl Barzan, Giovamd Frauchln, Adrlano Favero, and Antonino Carbone

367

A follow-up study of determinants of second tumor and metastasis among subjects with cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx

Rejean Hebert, Gii Bravo, Nicol Komer-Bitensky, and Louis Voyer

373

Refusal and information bias associated with postal questionnaires and face-to-face interviews in very elderly subjects

Ragnar Danlekou, Helgl SllaIdason, Gmdmmdur Tborgeirsson, and Niiuh Slln

383

Predominance of aortic calciheation as au atherosclerotic manifestation in women: The Reykjavfk Study

Keltikangas-Jiirvinen,

Enrique Regidor,

... l&l

Letters to the Editors George G. Rhoads

389

Case-control evaluation of screening

Joseph V. SeLby, Gary D. Friedman, Charles P. Quesenberry, Jr., and Noel S. Weiss

390

Case-control evaluation of screening

Thomas M. Gii and Ralph I. Hotwits

391

Response

Richard F. Giium, John Thomas, Abraham Salam, and Johniene Thomas

392

White blood cell count and hypertension

Gary D. Friedman, Joseph V. Selby, and Charles P. Quesenberry, Jr.

393

Response

Number 4 Original Articles Ralph I. Hotwits, Burton IL Singer, Robert W. Makuch, and Catherine M. Viscoli

395

Can treatment that is helpful on average be harmful to some patients? A study of the conflicting information needs of clinical inquiry and drug regulation

Satu M&nnisto, Mikko Vh-tanen, Tuula Mikkonen, and Pirjo Pietinen

401

Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire in a case-control study on breast cancer

James B. Me@, David M. Nathan, L. Adrienne Cupples, Peter W. F. Wilson, and Daniel E. Singer

411

Tracking of glycated hemoglobin in the original cohort of the Framingham Heart Study

Donald B. White and Lancelot James

419

Standard error and sample size determination for estimation of probabilities based on a test variable

Charles A. Lants and Elliott Nebensahl

431

Behavior and interpretation of the K statistic: Resolution of the two paradoxes

Allan Donner and Neil Klar

435

Statistical considerations in the design and analysis of community intervention trials

Bernard L. Harlow, Fredric D. Frigoletto, Daniel W. Cramer, Joni K. Evans, Michael L. Fevre, Raymond P. Bain, Donald McNellii, and the RADIUS Study Group

441

Determinants of preterm delivery in low-risk pregnancies

P. E. A. M. Mercelina-Roumans, R. B. G. E. Breukers, J. M. H. Ubachs, and J. W. J. van Wersch

449

Hematological variables in cord blood of neonates of smoking and nonsmoking mothers

455

A comparison of prospective and retrospective assessments of sleep

Matthias Wjst, Gabriele Roe& Sigrid Dold, Andrea Wulff, Peter Reitmeir, Christian Fritzsch, Valentina Seth, Thomas Nicolai, Erika von Mutius, Helgard Bach, and Hans-Heinrich Thiemann

461

Psychosocial characteristics of asthma

P. G. Ritvo, J. D. Fisk, C. J. Archibald, T. J. Murray, and C. Field

467

Psychosocial and neurological predictors of mental health in multiple sclerosis patients

473

Comparing period prevalences with application to drug utilization

483

Adverse effects of medications on urinary symptoms and flow rate: A community-based study

489

Results of an epidemiological study on drug-treated intraocular hypertension in Belgium

Harvey Babkoff, Michal Lavidor

Aaron Weller, and

Phamtacoepidemiology Reports Bentson H. McFarland Ling Su, Harry A. Guess, Cynthia J. Girman, Steven J. Jacobsen, Joseph E. Oesterling, Laurel A. Panser, and Michael M. Lieber Denise Walckiers

and Francis Sartor

iv

Letters to the Editor Salvador Peiro and Julian Librero

495

Selection bias, indexes of “burden,”

Eugene Oddone and Morris Weinberger

495

Response

and risk

Number 5 Original Artides Pekka Jousllahti. Pekka Puska, Erkki Vartiaineu, Juha Pekkauen, and Jaakko Tuomilebto

497

Parental history of premature coronary heart disease: An independent risk factor of myocardial infarction

K. Imai, T. Kadowaki, Y. Aixawa, and K. Fukutomi

505

Problems in the health management of persons with spinal cord injury

Steven J. Bowlin, Barbara D. Merrill, Anne N. Nafxiger, Carol Lewis, and Thomas A. Pearson

511

Reliability and changes in validity of self-reported cardiovascular disease risk factors using dual response: The Behavioral Risk Factor Survey

Maria-Chiara Corti, Marcel E. &dive, and Jack M. Guralnik

519

Serum albumin and physical function as predictors of coronary heart disease mortality and incidence in older persons

Renate Stiller-Winkler, Helga Idel, Gabriele Leng, Claudia Spix, and Rebtbard Dolgner

527

Influence of air pollution on humoral immune response

Wiiiam A. Satariano, David R. Ragland, and Gerald N. DeIorenxe

535

Limitations in upper-body strength associated with breast cancer: A comparison of black and white women

Brian E. Rittenbouse

545

Respondent-specific information from the randomized response interview: Compliance assessment

Paul Dohm

551

The effect of experience of illness on health state valuations

Andrew M. Garratt, Danny A. Ruta, Ian Russell, Ken Macleod, Peter Brunt, Aliitair M&inlay, Ashley Mowat, and Tom Sinclair

565

Developing a condition-specific measure of health for patients with dyspepsia and ulcer-related symptoms

Toivo Laks, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Enn Joeste, Ene Miieots, Olar PuBisaar, Veikko Salomaa, Terje Viidebaum, Pertti Palomliki, Kerstl Kern, and Jorma Torppa

573

Acute myocardial infarction in Estonia: First results from the Tallinn AMI register

Maritta S. Jaakkola, Jouni J. K. Jaakkola, Margaret R. Becklake, and Pierre Ernst

581

Effect of passive smoking on the development of respiratory problems in young adults: An &year longitudinal study

PIIARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

REPORT

587

Factors predicting change in prescription and nonprescription drug use in a community-residing black and white elderly population

Second Thoughts Joseph Herman

595

The Law of Halves

Letters to the Editors Paolo Vineis and Paul Schulte

599

Attributable risks and genetic predisposition

Debra T. Silverman, Mark SchiBman, and Susan Devesa

601

Diagnostic certainty in pancreatic cancer

Miquel Porta, N&la Mahrts, Josep L. Phiol, Francisco X. Real, and Juil Rifa

602

Response

Daniel S. Sitar and Mary Cheang

605

Error in statistics program

Tracy L. Gustafson

605

Response

Gerda G. Fillenbamn, Ronnie D. Homer, Joseph T. Hanlon, Lawrence R. Landerman, Deborah V. Dawson, and Harvey J. Cohen

V

Number 6 Skmbanek Symposium Robin Fox

607

Petr Skrabanek and The Lancet

Thomas Szasz

609

A brief history of medicine’s war on responsibility

Ahn

615

Twentieth century paradigms that threaten both scientific and humane medicine in the twenty-first century

Jam= McCormick

619

Medical hubris and the public health: The ethical dimension

Bruce G. Charlton

623

The scope and nature of epidemiology

Second Thoughts James J. sehkssehnan

627

Biostatistics in epidemiology: A view from the faultline

Original Articles Orlando F. Mills and George G. Rhoads

631

The contribution of the case-control approach to vaccine evaluation: Pneumococcal and Haemophilus injuenzae type b PRP vaccines

637

Age-standardized incidence and prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in a Swedish community

Frank DeStefano, Ehdne D. Eaker, Steven K. Broste, David L. Nordstrom, Peggy L. Peissii, Robert A. Vierkant, Kate A. Konitzer, Robert L. Gmber, and Peter M. Layde

643

Epidemiologic research in an integrated regional medical care system: The Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area

Kofi A. Anie, Paul W. Jones, Sean R. Hilton, and II. Ross Anderson

653

A computer-assisted telephone interview technique for assessment of asthma morbidity and drug use in adult asthma

Barbara E. Mien, Mary M. Franz, Pa&a A. Quatromoni, David R. Gagnon, Lii M. Sonnenbeq, Jose M. Ordovas, Peter W. F. Win, Ernst J. Schaefer, and L. Adrienne CuppIes

657

Diet and plasma lipids in women. I. Macronutrients and plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women: The Framingham nutrition studies

Lii M. Sonnenberg, Paula A. Quatromoni, David R. Gagnon, L. Adrienne Cupples, Mary M. Franz, Jose M. Ordovas, Peter W. F. Wilson, Fxnst J. Schaefer, and Barbara E. Millen

665

Diet and plasma lipids in women. II. Macronutrients and plasma triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women: The Framingham nutrition studies

carlos Iribarren, Dan s. sharp, J. David Curb, and Katsubiko Yano

673

High uric acid: A metabolic marker of coronary heart disease among alcohol abstainers?

C&ile Delcourt, B&y1 Viilatte-Cathelineau, Francoise VauzelIe-Kervroedan, La& Papoz, and the CODIABINSERM-Zeneca Pharma Study Group

679

Clinical correlates of advanced retinopathy in type II diabetic patients: Implications for screening

Riccardo Haupt, Biiana Novakovic, Thomas R Fears, Julianne Byrne, LesIie L. Robinson, Margaret A. Tucker, and Gregory II. Reanum

687

Can protocol-specified doses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy be used as a measure of treatment actually received? A CCG/ NIH study on long-term survivors of acute lymphocytic leukemia

Jaap Liideboom, Lenore J. Lmuner, Ben A. Schuund, Chris Hooyer, and Cees Jonker

691

Effects of adjustment on the case-finding potential of cognitive tests

Jacqueline R. Meszaros, David A. AS&, JoMthpn Baron, John C. Hershey, Howad Kmueutl~, and Joanne Schwartz-Buza@o

697

Cognitive processes and the decisions of some parents to forego pertussis vaccination for their children

R. Feinstem

Per-Ame Fall, Olav Axelson, Mats Fred&son, Gunilla Hanson, Bj6m LindvaB, Jan-Edvin Olswn,

and Ann-RathrIne Gran&us

vi

Number 7 Commentary Walter 0. Spitzer

705

The future of epidemiology

711

Interpretation of change scores in ordinal clinical scales and health status measures: The whole may not equal the sum of the parts

Paul D. Sorlie, Lawton Cooper, Pamela J. Schreiner, Wayne Rasamond, and Moyses S&lo

719

Repeatability and validity of the Rose questionnaire for angina pectoris in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Timothy R. Rehbeck, Stephen T. Turner, and Charles F. Sing

727

Probability of having hypertension: Effects of sex, history of hypertension in parents, and other risk factors

Michael P. Cecil, Andrzej S. Kosinski, Michael T. Jones, Andrew Taylor, Naomi P. Alazraki, Roderic I. Pettigrew, and William S. Weintraub

735

The importance of work-up (verification) bias correction in assessing the accuracy of SPECT thallium-201 testing for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Roy M. Poses, Donna K. McClish, Wally R. Smith, Carolyn Bekes, and W. Eric Scott

743

Prediction of survival of critically ill patients by admission comorbidity

David C. Hadom, David Baker, James S. Hodges, and Nicholas Hicks

749

Rating the quality of evidence for clinical practice guidelines

Kameshwar

755

The Glasgow Coma Scale: A critical appraisal of its clinimetric properties

James F. Jekel

765

Rainbow Reviews VII: Recent publications of the National Center for Health Statistics

Berthold Rzany, Maja Mockenhaupt, Susan Baur, Werner Schriider, Uh-ich Stocker, Judit Mueller, Norbert HoUnder, Rudolf Bruppacher, Erwin Schbpf

769

Epidemiology of erythema exsudativum multiforme majus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Germany (1990-1992): Structure and results of a population-based registry

Irene Guggenmoos-Holzmann

775

The meaning of kappa: Probabilistic concepts of reliability and validity revisited

Kristian D. Lmdsted, Gary E. Fraser, Manfred Steinkohl, and W. Lawrence Beeson

783

Healthy volunteer effect in a cohort study: Temporal resolution in the Adventist Health Study

Fii Tiichsen, Otto Andersen, and J#rn Olsen

791

Referral bias among health workers in studies using hospitalization as a proxy measure of the underlying incidence rate

Rowan H. Harwood, Astrid E. Fletcher, Christopher J. Bulpitt, Martin J. Shipley, Michael G. Marmot, and Hugh J. L. Markowe

795

The relationship between plasma cholesterol concentration and minor psychiatric disturbance in the Department of the Environment Study

T. D. Sterling, A. Glicksman, H. Perry, D. A. Sterling, W. L. Rosenbaum, and J. J. Web&am

803

An alternative explanation for the apparent elevated relative mortality and morbidity risks associated with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

Original Articles G. Stucki, L. Daltroy, J. N. Katz, M. Johannesson, and M. H. Liang

Prasad

and

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

REPORT

809

The incidence of depression in new users of beta-blockers and selected antihypertensives

Second Thoughts Ralph Crawshaw

817

Compassion is where you find it

Letters to the Editors Frank HarreB

819

Regression coefficients and scoring rules

Mary E. Charkum

819

Response

B. Burt Gerstman, Heidi M. Jolson, Mark Bauer, Pyone Cho, James M. Livb@on, and Richard Platt

vii

Number 8 Original Articles

Patricia C. Parkin, Colin Macarthur, Norman R. Saunders, Shelley A. Diamond. and Patricia M. Winders

821

Development of a clinical asthma score for use in hospitalized children between 1 and 5 years of age

Michael A. Andrykowski, Shelly L. Curran, Jamie L. Stud& Lauren Cunningham, Janet S. Carpenter, Patrick C. McCrath, David A. Sloan, and Daniel E. Kenady

827

Psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in women with breast cancer and benign breast problems: A controlled comparison

Peter M. Layde, Steven K. Broste, Norman Desbiens, Marilyn Follen, Joanne Lynn, DuugIas R&g, and Humberto Vitillet

835

Generahzability of clinical studies conducted at tertiary care medical centers: A population-based analysis

Diana C. Farrow, Jonathan M. Same& and William C. Hunt

843

Regional variation in survival following the diagnosis of cancer

J Anthony Spa&o, Alan R. Dyer, Jeremiah Stamler, Richard B. ShekeUe, Kurt Greenlund, and Dan Garside

849

Measures of adiposity and coronary heart disease mortality in the Chicago Western Electric Company Study

Richard P. Donahue, Rosemary A. DeCarlo Donahue, Ronald J. Rineas, Judy Bean, Miriam Gutt, Jay S. Skyler, and NeU Schneiderman

859

Insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in a biethnic sample: The Miami Community Health Study

Roberto Manfredini, Francesco Portaluppi, Enrico Grandi, Carmelo Fersini, and Massimo Gallerani

865

Out-of-hospital sudden death referring to an emergency department

Susau L. Ataman, Richard S. Cooper, Charles Rotimi, Daniel McGee, Babatunde Osotimehin, Solomon Kadh-i, Samuel Kingue, Waliqjom Muna, Henry Fraser, Terrence Forrester, and Rainford Wii

869

Standardization of blood pressure measurement in an intemational comparative study

Karen Smith Blesch, Sally Freels, Sylvia Furner, Faith Davis, and Toni P. Miles

879

Applying the realized probability of dying to cancer survival

Alfred0 Morabia, Steven D. Stelhnan, and Ernst L. Wynder

885

Smoking prevalence in neighborhood and hospital controls: Implications for hospital-based case-control studies

Joshua E. Muscat

891

Carcinogenic effects of diesel emissions and lung cancer: The epidemiologic evidence is not causal

Jens Kristensen, Jens Langhoff-Roes, Lent Theil Skovgaard, and Finn Berhun Kristensen

893

Validation of the Danish birth registration

Philippe Flandre

899

On the use of auxiliary data to estimate the survival function and its variance: An application to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Guo-Wen Sun, Thomas L. Shook, and Gregory L. Kay

907

Inappropriate use of bivariable analysis to screen risk factors for use in multivariable analysis

Gregory P. Samsa

917

Sampling distributions of pp and pneg

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

REPORTS

Marco Pahor, Andrea Manto, Claudio Pedone, Luciana Carosella, Jack M. Guralnik, and Pierugo Carbonin, for the Gruppo Italian0 di Farmacovigilanza nell’Anziano (GIFA)

921

Age and severe adverse drug reactions caused by nifedipine and verapamil

Geoffrey M. Anderson and Kerry Kerluke

929

Distribution of prescription drug exposures in the elderly: scription and implications ... VU,

De-

Second Thoughts Rlehard v. Lee

937

Cambodia journal

939

On biases in a study of the effects of occupational and individual factors on the risk of neck trouble

Eira Vii-Juntura, Hi Riihmiiki, Pertti Mutanen, Sakari Tola, and Tapio Videman

940

Response

Daniel L. McGee, Richard S. Cooper, and Youlhm Liao

943

Problems in the use of aggregate measures

Howard P. Greenwald, Nayak L. Polissar, Edgar F. Borgatta, and Ruth McCorkle

944

Response

Tsung 0. Cheng

947

Persistent problems in acronyms

Manfrcd

947

Response

Muriel Vray and Daniel Schwartz

949

Comments on a pragmatic trial

Gregory Simon

949

Response

Letters to the Editors Markku

Nunninen

S. Green

Number 9

Commenkuy 951

Causal thinking, biomarkers, and mechanisms of carcinogenesis

Dorothy Mackerras

957

Energy adjustment: The concepts underlying the debate

Suzanne E. Ohmit, Frank W. Moler, Arnold S. Monto, and Ali S. Khan

963

Ribavirin utilization and clinical effectiveness in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection

Judith C. Hays, David Schoenfeld, Dan G. Blazer, and Deborah T. Gold

969

Global self-ratings of health and mortality: Hazard in the North Carolina Piedmont

Nadine R. Sahyoun, Paul F. Jacques, Gerard Dallal, and Robert M. Russell

981

Use of albumin as a predictor of mortality in communitydwelling and institutionalized elderly populations

Rosebud 0. Roberts, Erik J. Bergstralh, Luanne Schmidt, and Steven J. Jacobsen

989

Comparison of self-reported and medical record health care utilization measures

Matthew G. Law, Susan F. Hurley, John B. Carlin, Patty Cbondros, Sarah Gardmer, and John M. Kaldor

997

A comparison of patient interview data with pharmacy and medical records for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus infection

E. Simchen, D. Zucker, Igra Y. Siegman,

1003 Method for separating patient and procedural factors while ana-

Paolo Vineis and Miquel Porta

Original Articles

and N. Galal

lyzing interdepartmental differences in rates of surgical infections: The Israeli study of surgical infection in abdominal operations

C. Marena, A. Bignamini, F. Meloni, A. Mastretti, A. Agnusdei, and G. Pelissero

1009 Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus markers and risk factors in patients and staff of an Italian residential institution for the mentally disabled

Siddiq I. Khalil, Mohammed Ibrahim-Khalil, Mohammed El Hag, Sohaib El ShaBe, Fatih Mahgoub, and El Nagi M. Ali

1013 Coronary events in Khartoum, Sudan

Henry S. Kahn, Harland Austin, David F. Williamson, and Daniel Arensberg

1017 Simple anthropometric indices associated with ischemic heart disease

Sherine E. Gabriel, Cynthia S. Crowson, and W. Michael O’FaBon

1025 A mathematical model that improves the validity of osteoarthritis diagnoses obtained from a computerized diagnostic database ix

T. L. Diepgen, W. Sauerbrei, M. Fartasch

1031 Development and validation of diagnostic scores for atopic dermatitis incorporating criteria of data quality and practical usefulness

and

Marsha M. Cohen, Patricia A. Kaufert, Leonard MacWilliam, and Robert B. Tate

1039 Using an alternative data source to examine randomization in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study

M. L. Sands and James R. Murphy

1045 Use of kappa statistic in determining validity of quality filtering for meta-analysis: A case study of the health effects of electromagnetic radiation

Allan Donner and Neil Klar

1053 The statistical analysis of kappa statistics in multiple samples

Taro Shirakawa, Kazuo Hayakawa, Tadashi Shimizu, and Kanehisa Morimoto

1059 Association of life style with high risk of hyperimmunity immunosuppression mediated by IgE

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

and of

REPORT

1067 Predictors of chronic benzodiazepine use in a health maintenance organization sample

Gregory E. Simon, Michael VonKorff, William Barlow, Chester Pabiniak, Edward Wagner

Letters to the Editors 1075 Assessing reproducibility assay serologic tests

Jacques Mass4 Martin

Priya J. Wickramaratne Myma M. Weissman

immunosorbent

1075 Response

and David Streiner

Tanunemagi

of enzyme-linked

1077 Time trends in risk of depression

and

1078 Response

Gregory E. Simon, Michael VonKorff, T. Bedirhan Ustan, Richard Gater, Oye Gureje, and Norman Sartorius

Number

10

Variance and Dissent Harri

1079 Vitamin C, the placebo effect, and the common cold: A case study of how preconceptions influence the analysis of results

Hemilji

Thomas C. Chalmers

1085 Dissent: To the preceding article by H. Hernil%

Harri

1087 Response: To the dissent by Thomas Chalmers

Hemilii

Original Articles Luigi Ferrucci, Jack M. Gurahdk, Marcel E. Salive, Liida P. Fried, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Dwight B. Brock, Eleanor M. Simonsick, M. C. Corti, and Scott L. Zeger, for the WHAS Research Group

1089 Effect of age and severity of disability on short-term variation in walking speed: The Women’s Health and Aging Study

Nancy L. Young, J. Ivan Williams, Karen K. Yoshida, Claire Bombardier, James G. Wright

1097 The context of measuring disability: Does it matter whether capability or performance is measured?

Nancy Hoeymans,

and

Edith J. M. Feskens,

Geertrudii A. M. van den Bas, and Daan Kromhout L. Joseph Melton III, Cynthia George D. Malkasian, and W. Michael O’Fallon

S. Crowson,

Hideo Sasaki, Kenm Kaneko, Hide0 Tsuneyama, Makoto Daimon, Keiichi Yamatani, and Hideo Manaka

1103 Measuring functional status: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between performance and self-report (Zutphen Elderly Study 1990-1993) 1111 Fracture risk following bilateral oophorectomy

1117 Family study of acute intermittent porphyria and hereditary coproporphyria in Niigata and Akita prefectures, Japan X

J&l Coste, Daniel Wasserman, Alain Venot

and

1125 Predicting mortality in adult burned patients: Methodological aspects of the construction and validation of a composite ratio scale

Giovanni B. Moneta, Annette Leclerc, Jean-Franqois Chastang, Patrick Dang Tran, and Marcel Goldberg

1133 Time-trend of sleep disorder in relation to night work: A study of sequential I -year prevalences within the GAZEL cohort

Walter A. Kukull, Gerard D. Schellenberg, James D. Bowen, Wayne C. McCormick, Chang-En Yu, Linda Teri, Jill D. Thompson, Ellen S. O’Meara, and Eric B. Larson

1143 Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer’s disease risk and case detection: A case-control study

Ingrid J. B. Spijkerman, Erik J. C. van Ameijden, Gerard H. C. Mientjes, Roel A. Coutinho, and Anneke van den Hoek

1149 Human immunodeficiency virus infection and other risk factors for skin abscesses and endocarditis among injection drug users

K. M. Stavraky, J. R. Skillmgs, and F. Gwadry-Sridhar

1155 The effect of socioeconomic status on the long-term outcome of cancer

L. W. Stitt,

II61

Assessing the relative sensitivity to change of rheumatoid arthritis activity measures: 1s the type of treatment an important third variable?

Gary J. Macfarlane, Henry Botto, Pierre-Pbiiipe Sagnier, Pierre Teillac, Francois Richard, and Peter Boyle

I I71

The relationship between sexual life and urinary condition in the French community

E. J. Irviw,

it 77 Does self-administration of a quality of life index for inflammatory bowel disease change the results?

Michael

M. Ward

B. G. Feagan, and C. J. Wong

A. Weiss, A. E. Fletcher, A. J. Palmer, C. G. Nicholl, C. J. Bulpitt Linda H. Eck, Lii Robert C. Klesges

M. Klesges, and

I187

Use of surrogate respondents in studies of stroke and dementia

1195 Precision and estimated accuracy of two short-term food frequency questionnaires compared with recalls and records

Pha.macoepidemiology Report AMY Fourrier, Luc Letenneur, Bernard Begaud, and Jean Franfois Dartigues

1201 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and cognitive function in the elderly: Inconclusive results from a population-based cohort study

Second Thoughts E. Ernst and K. L. Reach

1203 Risk-benefit

Letter to the Editor Bruno Giraudeau MalthIT ammemagi, David Streiner

ratio or risk-benefit

nonsense?

1205 Negative values of the intraclass correlation coefficient are not theoretically possible John Frank,

and

1206

Response

Number cotlVllt?Joban P. Mackenbacb Vhunee und Dissent Douald A. Redelmeler, Gordon and Roger S. Guldstein

1207 The contribution of medical care to mortality decline: McKeown revisited H. Guyatt,

1215 Presentation: Assessing the minimal important symptoms: A comparison of two techniques 1221

James G. Wright Donald A. Redebueier, Gordon and Roger S. Guldstem

l#

II. Guyatt,

difference

in

Dissent: The minimal important difference: Who’s to say what is important?

1223 Response: On the debate over methods for estimating the clinically important difference

xi

Original Arbcles Jack V. Tu

1225 Advantages and disadvantages of using artificial neural networks versus logistic regression for predicting medical outcomes and

Joann G. Ehnore, Catherine M. Viili,

Ralph I. Horwitz Wiiiam F. Lawrence, Dennis G. Fryhack, Patricia A. Martin, Ronald Klein, and Barbara E. K. Klein Donna Armstrong, II. A. Tyroler

1233 The evolving clinical status of patients after a myocardial infarction: The importance of posthospital data for mortality prediction 1239 Health status and hypertension: A population-based study

1247 Race differences in estimates of sudden coronary heart disease mortality, 1980-1988: The impact of ill-defined death

Steve Wing, and

Andrew N. Phillips, Adrian0 Lazzarhr, Juan Gonzales-Lahoz, Nathan Clumeck, M. P. Glauser, R. Proenca, D. Banhegyi, Court Pedersen, Jens D. Luudgren, and Anne M. Johnson for the AIDS IN EUROPE Study Group

1253 Factors associated with the CD4+ lymphocyte count at diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

D. Feldman-Stewart, S. Chammas, C. Hayter, J. Pater, and W. J. Mackillop

1259 An empirical approach to informed consent in ovarian cancer

Annette M. O’Connor, Robert E. Dales

Ross A. Pennie, and

1271 Framing effects on expectations, decisions, and side effects experienced: The case of influenza immunization

W. Barth, II. Liiwel, M. Lewis, E. Classen, B. Herman, D. Quietrsch, E. Grelser, U. Keil, L. Hehtemann, G. Voigt, S. Brasche, and S. BGthig for the Acute Myocardial Infarction Register Teams of Augshurg, Bremen, Chemnitz, Erfurt, and Zwickau

1277 Coronary heart disease mortality, morbidity, and case fatality in five East and West German cities 1985-1989

The P2Pr HIV Study Group

1285 The pediatric pulmonary and cardiovascular complications of vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (P*C* HIV) infection study: Design and methods

Karin Jexuer Hamherg, Bendix Carstensen, Thorkild I. A. Sarensen, and Knud Egheje

1295 Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of cirrhosis among alcoholabusing men

Hermann Brenner

1303 Effects of misdiagnoses on disease monitoring with capturerecapture methods PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

Pekka Larivaara, Anna-Liii and Paula Rantakallio

Hartikainen,

REPORTS

1309 Use of psychotropic drugs and pregnancy outcome

Nicole Ruhin and Betsy Foxman

1315 The cost-effectiveness of placing urinary tract infection treatment over the counter

Second Thoughts Pnbm Naveh, John Yaphe, and Joseph Herman

1323 Research in primary care: A worm’s-eye view

Letter to the Editors Robert G. Newcomhe

Allan Dmner

1325 The relationship between chi-square statistics from matched and unmatched analyses 1325 Response

Number 12 Comment&ies Alfred0 Morahia

1327 P. C. A. Louis and the birth of clinical epidemiology

Jan P. Vandenbroucke

1335 Evidence-based medicine and “medtcine d’observation” xii

1339 Two centuries of conflict-collaboration mathematics

AIvan R. Feinstein Variance and Dissent Jerome L. Sullivan

between medicine and

1345 Presentation: Iron versus cholesterol-perspectives and heart disease debate

on the iron

William S. Weintraub, Nanette K. Wenger, Sam Parthasarathy, and W. Virgil Brown

1353 Dissent: Hyperlipidemia versus iron overload and coronary artery disease: Yet more arguments on the cholesterol debate

Jerome L. Sullivan

1359 Response: Iron versus cholesterol-response Weintraub et al.

Original Articks Cecllie Svanes, Rolv T. Lie, Stein A. Lie, Gunmu K&e, Knut Svanes, and Odd Sereide

to dissent by

1363 Survival after peptic ulcer perforation: A time trend analysis

Peter Peduzzi, John Concato, Elizabeth Kemper, Theodore R. Holford, and Alvan R. Feinstein

1373 A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis

Wee Luck Ooi, Sylvia Sherwood, Katharine Murphy, Shirley A. Morris, and John N. Morris

1381 Development, testing, and validation of two scales measuring nursing home management of subjects with mental disorder

Agustb~ Escalante, Michael J. Licbtenstein, Nancy Rios, and Helen P. Hazuda

1389 Measuring chronic rheumatic pain in Mexican Americans: Cross-cultural adaptation of the McGill Pain Questionnaire

Hem-i E. J. H. Stoffers, Arnold D. M. Kester, Victor Kaiser, Paula E. L. M. Rinkens, Peter J. E. H. M. Kitslaar, and J. And& Knottnerus

1401 The diagnostic value of the measurement of the ankle-brachial systolic pressure index in primary health care

Didi M. W. Kriegsman, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Jacques Th.M. van EUk, A. Joan P. Boeke, and Dorly J. H. Deeg

1407 Self-reports and general practitioner information on the presence of chronic diseases in community dwelling elderly

Benjamin Mazes and Esther Shabtai

1419 The contribution of personal rating to the clinimetric functioning of a generic quality of life instrument

Betsy Kristjansson,

1423 Optimal cut-points when screening for more than one disease state: An example from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging

Gerry Hill,

Ian McDowell, and Joan Lindsay William D’Hoore, Charles Tilquin

Andre Bouckaert,

and

1429 Practical considerations on the use of the Charlson comorbidity index with administrative data bases

Hermann Brenner

1435 Measures of differential diagnostic value of diagnostic procedures

Rodney Jackson, Lloyd E. Chambless, Kiduk Yang, Tom Byrne, Robert Watson, Aaron Folsom, Eyal Shahar, and William Kalsbeek for the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators

1441 Differences between respondents and nonrespondents in a multicenter community-based study vary by gender and ethnicity

Junichi Yoshida, Takayosbi Nagata, Yuko Niihioka, Yoshiaki Nose, and Masao Tanaka

1447 Outbreak of multi-drug resistant S~uphylococcus aureus: A cluster analysis

Pharmacoepidemiology Reports Jaana Martikainen, Thno Klaukka, Anttl Reunanen, SII Peura, and

1453 Recent trends in the consumption of lipid-lowering drugs in Finland

Hamlee wablroos Flaminio Mormile, Fabrizio Chiappini, Giuseppe Feola, and Giuliano Ciappi

1459 Deaths from asthma in Italy (1974-1988): Is there a relationship with changing pharmacological approaches?

Second Thoughts Joseph Herman

1467 The Iceberg Delusion ... XIII

Letter to he Editors Frank Buntinx and Patrick

Neven

Anna Bennetts, Les h-wig, Brian Oldenburg, Judy M. Simpson, Philip Mock, Allison Boyes, Edith Weisherg and Julia Shelley

1469

Which questionnaire to measure psychosocial an abnormal PAP smear?

1469

Response

Indexes 147 1 Author Contents

xiv

Index of Volume

49

effects of having