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W-O-111 ANTIOXIDANTS TO PREVENT LIVER DAMAGE IN MICE EXPOSED TO INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA
Abstracts of 4th International Congress of WASM & 5th Conference of CSS / Sleep Medicine 12, Suppl. 1 (2011) S1–S130
W-O-110
ACTIGRAPHIC VARIABLES IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATION TO APATHY AND DEPRESSION
W-O-112
S123
ARCHITECTURE OF NOCTURNAL SLEEP IN CHILDREN WITH FRONTO-TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY
Matilde Valencia-Flores 1 , Montserrat Reséndiz-García 2 , Aldo Torre 2 , Violeta A. Castaño Meneses 2 , Andres Duarte-Rojo 2 , Victoria Santiago-Ayala 2 , Demian Gil-Aldeco 2 , Alejandro Mendoza-Pacheco 2 , Arturo Vega-González 3 . 1 INCMNSZ and UNAM, Mexico; 2 INCMNSZ, Mexico; 3 UNAM, Mexico
Aleksi Chikadze, Lia Khuchua, Ioseb Burduladze, Tornike Chikadze, Nana Lomashvili, Ana Ivaniadze, Maia Jibladze, Roman Shakarishvili. Sleep Medicine Center, Georgian Association of Sleep Medicine & Clinical Electrophysiology, Georgia
Introduction and Objectives: Sleep disturbances have been reported in cirrhosis patients. Actigraphy is a method that utilizes a miniaturized computerized writswatch-like device to long-term monitor and collect data generated by body movements and allows indirect estimation of sleep and wakefulness based on motor activity. The aim of this exploratory study was establish the relationship between apathy, depression, and sleepiness to circadian parameters of sleep-wake behaviors in patients diagnosed with cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 16 female patients diagnosed with cirrhosis. Patients using antidepressant drugs or any other drugs that could alter sleep, or had psychiatric diagnosis were excluded. The patients answered the following questionnaires: personal and demographic data, sleep hygiene index (SHI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Geriatric Depression Apathy-Scale (GDAS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Actigraphic recordings were performed for seven consecutive days with the method of zero crossing, in epoch of one minute. Results: The patients had a mean age of 52±11 years, with a BMI of 26±7 kg/m2 . Cosinor analysis showed for the circadian parameters a period of 23.9±0.25 h, with mean activity=111.81±21.23 a.u., acrophase=15.75±1.83 h, and amplitude=79.3±18.9 a.u. The sleep actigraphic parameters measured were as follows: total sleep time 7.1±2.3 h, sleep latency 13.2±7.5 min, sleep efficiency 80.5±11.8%, wake after sleep onset 98.2±47.4 min, nap time 35.1±31.6 min. The amplitude of circadian cycle negatively correlated with GDAS (rho= -0.60, P=0.01), BDI (rho= -0.64, P=0.009), and SHI (rho= -0.66, P=0.004), but amplitude was not significant related to HAS or sleepiness. Conclusion: Patients with cirrhosis have a low level of activity associated to symptoms of apathy and depression that involve alterations in sleep hygiene but not to sleepiness level.
Introduction and Objectives: Polysomnographic investigation of night sleep is important for the differentiation of the disease and its optimal treatment, even more, it will enable us to study the influence of epilepsy on the night sleep architecture. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 15 patients, aged 4-12 years. EEG recordings were done in parallel with EOG, EMG, PLM, ECG, respiration SPO2. The night sleep was recorded for 9-13 hours. Results: The common pattern of EEG for all three groups is cluster-like high amplitude (300-400 mkv) sharp peak-waves and poly-peaks with bilaterally synchronous discharges, also unilateral single events in the frontal and temporal parts of hemispheres. This common background for all group patients with disturbed sleep structure varies in groups so that the degree of disturbance is lower in the first group, there is a tendency to normalization in the second group, and the disturbance degree is the highest in the third one. The sleep structure has the following features in the group I: The stage 2 and the stage 3 are weakly reduced, REM sleep is close to the norm margins. The group II is characterised by the slight reduction in REM sleep and the stage 3; the stage 2 is remarkably reduced, prolonged is the wake. The group III patients are characterised by the remarkable increase of the stage 2 and the REM sleep (with REM behavioural disorders: leg jerks and screaming) while the stage 3 is omitted. Conclusion: The investigation shows that the night sleep disturbances in the epileptic patients are side effects of the main disease and the proper management of epilepsy is required to normalize their sleep.
W-O-111
ANTIOXIDANTS TO PREVENT LIVER DAMAGE IN MICE EXPOSED TO INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA
Dênis Martinez, Darlan Rosa, Renata Kaminski, Cíntia Fiori, Luiz Felipe Forgiarini, Mariel Barbachan e Silva, Norma Possa Marroni. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Introduction and Objectives: Sleep apnea causes intermittent hypoxia (IH). It has been demonstrated that IH causes oxidative stress and liver damage. Antioxidants can prevent oxidative damage but their effect has not been tested in a model of sleep apnea. Objective: To investigate the effect of the use of the antioxidants melatonin (MEL- 200μL/kg) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC- 10mg/kg) to prevent liver damage and oxidative stress in mice subjected to IH during 35 days. Materials and Methods: 72 male mice, Balb-C, adults were divided into six groups (sham IH - SIH, SIH + MEL, SIH + NAC, IH, IH + MEL and IH+NAC). During 35 days, a gas mixture reduced the FIO2 in the cages during 30 seconds to a nadir of 6%, followed by 30 seconds of room air insufflation, totaling 480 cycles over eight hours. From day 21 on, the intra-peritoneal injection of vehicle (VEH) and antioxidants was started. On the 35th day, the rodents were euthanized and the following markers were measured: liver enzymes AST (U/L), ALT (U/L) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; U/L), lipoperoxidation (LPO; nmol/mg prot), and liver antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-USOD/mg prot). The results are expressed as mean ± SE. Results: Liver enzymes increased significantly under IH+VEH (p<0.05). AST and ALT in the IH+MEL group and only ALT in the IH+NAC group were significantly reduced. A significant increase in the LPO was seen in the IH+VEH group (0.71±0.2 - p <0.05) versus SIH+VEH group (0.4±0.1). LPO was reduced in IH+MEL and IH+NAC groups (p <0.01). SOD, was reduced in the IH+VEH group (p <0.001) and increased in IH+MEL and IH+NAC groups (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia simulating severe sleep apnea, during 35 days, exhibit liver damage and oxidative stress. Administration of antioxidants reduces liver damage, suggesting a protective effect, in special, of melatonin. Acknowledgements: FIPE-HCPA, UFRGS, PIBIC/UFCSPA, ULBRA.
W-O-113
AUTOMATIC ANALYSIS OF DREAM REPORTS CAN DETECT DREAMER’S GENDER
Christina Wong, Reza Amini, Joseph De Koninck. University of Ottawa, Canada Introduction and Objectives: This study aimed to improve current quantitative techniques of dream analysis with a more efficient and objective artificial intelligence method for automatic analysis. Known as “machine learning”, a text-mining software was developed to analyze dream reports for target and associated words that differentiated the dreams of males from females. Hypothesized gender predictors were based on previous literature concerning both dream content and written language features. Materials and Methods: Dreams of 200 adolescent Anglophones (100 males and 100 females) were drawn from an on-going normative study of Canadian dreams. From all of the dreams reported by these participants, 144 male dreams were within a word limit of 60 to 500 words. These reports were matched for length with 144 female dreams; as such, there was no significant mean difference in dream length. Following this, two male and two female undergraduate students were asked to read all 288 dreams and to determine the dreamer’s gender to the best of their ability. Also, a computer model was trained to score the gender of the dreamer using 66% of the dream reports. The remaining 34% of dream reports were used to test the model’s accuracy. Results: Results showed that the average agreement between human judges’ rating of the dreamer’s gender was 74.6%. Pair wise percent agreement ranged from 70.6% (κ=0.41) to 77.9% (κ=0.557). In comparison, the machine learning model indicated a percentage of gender predictability of 74.3% and a Cohen’s kappa score (κ) of 0.492 (chance is 50%, with κ=0.00). The best artificial intelligence model for gender classification involved word association, linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC), and word progression. Conclusion: As hypothesized, this model demonstrated that it can successfully predict the gender of the dreamer from dream reports, with the human judges being slightly better on average.
W-O-110
ACTIGRAPHIC VARIABLES IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATION TO APATHY AND DEPRESSION
W-O-112
S123
ARCHITECTURE OF NOCTURNAL SLEEP IN CHILDREN WITH FRONTO-TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY
Matilde Valencia-Flores 1 , Montserrat Reséndiz-García 2 , Aldo Torre 2 , Violeta A. Castaño Meneses 2 , Andres Duarte-Rojo 2 , Victoria Santiago-Ayala 2 , Demian Gil-Aldeco 2 , Alejandro Mendoza-Pacheco 2 , Arturo Vega-González 3 . 1 INCMNSZ and UNAM, Mexico; 2 INCMNSZ, Mexico; 3 UNAM, Mexico
Aleksi Chikadze, Lia Khuchua, Ioseb Burduladze, Tornike Chikadze, Nana Lomashvili, Ana Ivaniadze, Maia Jibladze, Roman Shakarishvili. Sleep Medicine Center, Georgian Association of Sleep Medicine & Clinical Electrophysiology, Georgia
Introduction and Objectives: Sleep disturbances have been reported in cirrhosis patients. Actigraphy is a method that utilizes a miniaturized computerized writswatch-like device to long-term monitor and collect data generated by body movements and allows indirect estimation of sleep and wakefulness based on motor activity. The aim of this exploratory study was establish the relationship between apathy, depression, and sleepiness to circadian parameters of sleep-wake behaviors in patients diagnosed with cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 16 female patients diagnosed with cirrhosis. Patients using antidepressant drugs or any other drugs that could alter sleep, or had psychiatric diagnosis were excluded. The patients answered the following questionnaires: personal and demographic data, sleep hygiene index (SHI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Geriatric Depression Apathy-Scale (GDAS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Actigraphic recordings were performed for seven consecutive days with the method of zero crossing, in epoch of one minute. Results: The patients had a mean age of 52±11 years, with a BMI of 26±7 kg/m2 . Cosinor analysis showed for the circadian parameters a period of 23.9±0.25 h, with mean activity=111.81±21.23 a.u., acrophase=15.75±1.83 h, and amplitude=79.3±18.9 a.u. The sleep actigraphic parameters measured were as follows: total sleep time 7.1±2.3 h, sleep latency 13.2±7.5 min, sleep efficiency 80.5±11.8%, wake after sleep onset 98.2±47.4 min, nap time 35.1±31.6 min. The amplitude of circadian cycle negatively correlated with GDAS (rho= -0.60, P=0.01), BDI (rho= -0.64, P=0.009), and SHI (rho= -0.66, P=0.004), but amplitude was not significant related to HAS or sleepiness. Conclusion: Patients with cirrhosis have a low level of activity associated to symptoms of apathy and depression that involve alterations in sleep hygiene but not to sleepiness level.
Introduction and Objectives: Polysomnographic investigation of night sleep is important for the differentiation of the disease and its optimal treatment, even more, it will enable us to study the influence of epilepsy on the night sleep architecture. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 15 patients, aged 4-12 years. EEG recordings were done in parallel with EOG, EMG, PLM, ECG, respiration SPO2. The night sleep was recorded for 9-13 hours. Results: The common pattern of EEG for all three groups is cluster-like high amplitude (300-400 mkv) sharp peak-waves and poly-peaks with bilaterally synchronous discharges, also unilateral single events in the frontal and temporal parts of hemispheres. This common background for all group patients with disturbed sleep structure varies in groups so that the degree of disturbance is lower in the first group, there is a tendency to normalization in the second group, and the disturbance degree is the highest in the third one. The sleep structure has the following features in the group I: The stage 2 and the stage 3 are weakly reduced, REM sleep is close to the norm margins. The group II is characterised by the slight reduction in REM sleep and the stage 3; the stage 2 is remarkably reduced, prolonged is the wake. The group III patients are characterised by the remarkable increase of the stage 2 and the REM sleep (with REM behavioural disorders: leg jerks and screaming) while the stage 3 is omitted. Conclusion: The investigation shows that the night sleep disturbances in the epileptic patients are side effects of the main disease and the proper management of epilepsy is required to normalize their sleep.
W-O-111
ANTIOXIDANTS TO PREVENT LIVER DAMAGE IN MICE EXPOSED TO INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA
Dênis Martinez, Darlan Rosa, Renata Kaminski, Cíntia Fiori, Luiz Felipe Forgiarini, Mariel Barbachan e Silva, Norma Possa Marroni. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Introduction and Objectives: Sleep apnea causes intermittent hypoxia (IH). It has been demonstrated that IH causes oxidative stress and liver damage. Antioxidants can prevent oxidative damage but their effect has not been tested in a model of sleep apnea. Objective: To investigate the effect of the use of the antioxidants melatonin (MEL- 200μL/kg) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC- 10mg/kg) to prevent liver damage and oxidative stress in mice subjected to IH during 35 days. Materials and Methods: 72 male mice, Balb-C, adults were divided into six groups (sham IH - SIH, SIH + MEL, SIH + NAC, IH, IH + MEL and IH+NAC). During 35 days, a gas mixture reduced the FIO2 in the cages during 30 seconds to a nadir of 6%, followed by 30 seconds of room air insufflation, totaling 480 cycles over eight hours. From day 21 on, the intra-peritoneal injection of vehicle (VEH) and antioxidants was started. On the 35th day, the rodents were euthanized and the following markers were measured: liver enzymes AST (U/L), ALT (U/L) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; U/L), lipoperoxidation (LPO; nmol/mg prot), and liver antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-USOD/mg prot). The results are expressed as mean ± SE. Results: Liver enzymes increased significantly under IH+VEH (p<0.05). AST and ALT in the IH+MEL group and only ALT in the IH+NAC group were significantly reduced. A significant increase in the LPO was seen in the IH+VEH group (0.71±0.2 - p <0.05) versus SIH+VEH group (0.4±0.1). LPO was reduced in IH+MEL and IH+NAC groups (p <0.01). SOD, was reduced in the IH+VEH group (p <0.001) and increased in IH+MEL and IH+NAC groups (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia simulating severe sleep apnea, during 35 days, exhibit liver damage and oxidative stress. Administration of antioxidants reduces liver damage, suggesting a protective effect, in special, of melatonin. Acknowledgements: FIPE-HCPA, UFRGS, PIBIC/UFCSPA, ULBRA.
W-O-113
AUTOMATIC ANALYSIS OF DREAM REPORTS CAN DETECT DREAMER’S GENDER
Christina Wong, Reza Amini, Joseph De Koninck. University of Ottawa, Canada Introduction and Objectives: This study aimed to improve current quantitative techniques of dream analysis with a more efficient and objective artificial intelligence method for automatic analysis. Known as “machine learning”, a text-mining software was developed to analyze dream reports for target and associated words that differentiated the dreams of males from females. Hypothesized gender predictors were based on previous literature concerning both dream content and written language features. Materials and Methods: Dreams of 200 adolescent Anglophones (100 males and 100 females) were drawn from an on-going normative study of Canadian dreams. From all of the dreams reported by these participants, 144 male dreams were within a word limit of 60 to 500 words. These reports were matched for length with 144 female dreams; as such, there was no significant mean difference in dream length. Following this, two male and two female undergraduate students were asked to read all 288 dreams and to determine the dreamer’s gender to the best of their ability. Also, a computer model was trained to score the gender of the dreamer using 66% of the dream reports. The remaining 34% of dream reports were used to test the model’s accuracy. Results: Results showed that the average agreement between human judges’ rating of the dreamer’s gender was 74.6%. Pair wise percent agreement ranged from 70.6% (κ=0.41) to 77.9% (κ=0.557). In comparison, the machine learning model indicated a percentage of gender predictability of 74.3% and a Cohen’s kappa score (κ) of 0.492 (chance is 50%, with κ=0.00). The best artificial intelligence model for gender classification involved word association, linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC), and word progression. Conclusion: As hypothesized, this model demonstrated that it can successfully predict the gender of the dreamer from dream reports, with the human judges being slightly better on average.