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Water, heat, and salt transports through nares strait, ellesmere island
296
Oceanographic Abstracts
SADLER H. E., 1976. Water, heat, and salt transports througlt Nares Strait, Ellesmere Island. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 33 (10): 2286-2295. Data obtained in Nares Strait are used to provide estimates of the transports of water, heat, and salt between the polar ocean and northern Baffin Bay. The annual volume export of water through Nares Strait is 2.1 × 10 4 km 3 ± 30%, which is equivalent to a mean flow of 0.67 X 10 6 m 3 . s-~ and which is about 15% of the total outflow of water from the polar ocean. The annual net heat input into the polar ocean due to the outflow of cold water and ice is found to be 15 × 10 ~9 j ± 50% assuming a reference temperature of --0.1°C. Ttus volume is about 7% of the total advective heat transport into the polar ocean. The mean annual export of salt from the polar ocean is 6.7 X 10 ~4 kg ± 30% or about 6% of the total export. The total transports through the whole Canadian archipelago are estimated and it is shown that they are appreciable fractions of the total exchanges between the polar ocean and the world ocean. SADLER J. C., 1976. A role of the tropical upper tropospheric trough in early season typhoon development. Mon. ICeath.
Rev., 104 (10): 1266-1278. A synoptic model is developed to describe a role of the tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) in early season typhoon development in the western Pacific low-level near-equatorial monsoon trough. The role is threefold: (1) The accompanying sub-equatorial ridge on the south side of the TUTT lies over the low-level trough and decreases the vertical shear; (2) the divergent flow on the south and east side of a cyclonic cell in the TUTT increases the evacuation aloft to aid in depression development in a low-revel trough; (3) a channel to large-scale westerlies is established for efficient outflow of the heat released by increased convection in the developing depression. SARMIENTO J . L . , H . W . FEELY, W. S. MOORE, A. E. BAINBRIDGE and W. S. BROECKER, 1976. The relationship between vertical eddy diffusion and buoyancy gradient in the deep sea. GEOSECS PubL, 79. Also in: Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 32 (2): 357-370. Vertical eddy diffusivities (K v's) have been estimated at fourteen widely separated locations from fourteen 222 Rn profiles and two 22 SRa profiles measured near the ocean floor as part of the Atlantic and Pacific GEOSECS programs. They show an inverse proportionality to the local buoyancy gradient [(g/p)(ap~,ot/Oz)] calculated from hydrographic measurements. The negative of the constant of proportionality is the buoyancy flux [--K v (g/P) (~P p o t / ~ z ) ] which has a mean of --4 X 10-6 cm 2/sec 3. Our results suggest that the buoyancy flux varies very little near the ocean floor. K v's for the interior of the deep Pacific calculated from the relationship K v = (4 X 10 -6 cm 2/sec 3 ) / [ (g/p)(;)p p o r / a z ) ] agree well with published estimates, K v ' s calculated for the pycnocline are one to two orders of magnitude smaller than upper limits estimated from tritium and 7Be distributions. Heat fluxes calculated with the model K v ' s obtained from the 222Rn profiles average 31 #cal cm -2 sec -1 in the Atlantic Ocean and 8 / a c a l c m -2 sec -1 in the Pacific Ocean. SARMIENTO J . L . , D. E. HAMMOND and W. S. BROECKER, 1976. The calculation of the statistical counting error for 222Rn scintillation counting. GEOSECS Publ., 78. Also in: Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 32 (2): 351-356. The calculation of the statistical counting error for alpha-scintillation counting of 222Rn is complicated by the tact that two of the short-lived daughter products of 222 Rn are alpha emitters. All observed daughter-product counts attributable to parent decays that have already been detected m.lst be excluded in tile calculation of this error. An equation is derived which takes this into consideration. SASATANI TSUTOMU, 1976. Source process of a large deep-focus earthquake of 1970 in the Sea of Okhotsk. Z Phys.
Earth, 24 (1): 27-42. The source process of a large deep-focus earthquake (h = 643 kin) which occurred in the Sea of Okhotsk in 1970 is studied on the basis of the seismic body waves recorded on the WWSSN long-period seismograms. The P-wave source functions are obtained from the long-period P-wave signals by eliminating the effects of the seismograph, crust and mantle. The interpretation of the source functions yields the following results: this shock is a triplet and three events are located at nearly the same hypocenter; the rupture corresponding to each event spreads out separately but finally covers a more or less fan-shaped surface. The source parameters are estimated from the comparison of the P-wave source functions with the calculated P-wave displacements. Seismic moment Mo, rupture velocity c, fault area S, displacement discontinuity D and stress drop Art are estimated as follows: Mo = 1.1 X 1027 dyne • cm, c = 4.0 km/sec, S = 420 km 2 , D = 1.9 m and AO = 320 bars. The tectonic implications of the source parameters and the orientation of the earthquake-generating stress are discussed. SAYLER G. S. and R. R. COLWELL, 1976. Partitioning of mercury and polychlorinated biphenyl by oil, water, and suspended sediment. L~viron. Sci. Teehnol., 10 (12): 1142-1145. Freshwater and marine systems comprising mixtures of suspended sediment and/or crude oil were tested for partitioning of mercury and HCB in the suspended sediment and oil. Appropriate media to which radioactively labeled 203 HgCI2 and U -~ 4C 2,4,5,2', 4', 5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) were added were analyzed. Following initial mixture and 24-h incubation, the water, oil, and suspended
Oceanographic Abstracts
SADLER H. E., 1976. Water, heat, and salt transports througlt Nares Strait, Ellesmere Island. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 33 (10): 2286-2295. Data obtained in Nares Strait are used to provide estimates of the transports of water, heat, and salt between the polar ocean and northern Baffin Bay. The annual volume export of water through Nares Strait is 2.1 × 10 4 km 3 ± 30%, which is equivalent to a mean flow of 0.67 X 10 6 m 3 . s-~ and which is about 15% of the total outflow of water from the polar ocean. The annual net heat input into the polar ocean due to the outflow of cold water and ice is found to be 15 × 10 ~9 j ± 50% assuming a reference temperature of --0.1°C. Ttus volume is about 7% of the total advective heat transport into the polar ocean. The mean annual export of salt from the polar ocean is 6.7 X 10 ~4 kg ± 30% or about 6% of the total export. The total transports through the whole Canadian archipelago are estimated and it is shown that they are appreciable fractions of the total exchanges between the polar ocean and the world ocean. SADLER J. C., 1976. A role of the tropical upper tropospheric trough in early season typhoon development. Mon. ICeath.
Rev., 104 (10): 1266-1278. A synoptic model is developed to describe a role of the tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) in early season typhoon development in the western Pacific low-level near-equatorial monsoon trough. The role is threefold: (1) The accompanying sub-equatorial ridge on the south side of the TUTT lies over the low-level trough and decreases the vertical shear; (2) the divergent flow on the south and east side of a cyclonic cell in the TUTT increases the evacuation aloft to aid in depression development in a low-revel trough; (3) a channel to large-scale westerlies is established for efficient outflow of the heat released by increased convection in the developing depression. SARMIENTO J . L . , H . W . FEELY, W. S. MOORE, A. E. BAINBRIDGE and W. S. BROECKER, 1976. The relationship between vertical eddy diffusion and buoyancy gradient in the deep sea. GEOSECS PubL, 79. Also in: Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 32 (2): 357-370. Vertical eddy diffusivities (K v's) have been estimated at fourteen widely separated locations from fourteen 222 Rn profiles and two 22 SRa profiles measured near the ocean floor as part of the Atlantic and Pacific GEOSECS programs. They show an inverse proportionality to the local buoyancy gradient [(g/p)(ap~,ot/Oz)] calculated from hydrographic measurements. The negative of the constant of proportionality is the buoyancy flux [--K v (g/P) (~P p o t / ~ z ) ] which has a mean of --4 X 10-6 cm 2/sec 3. Our results suggest that the buoyancy flux varies very little near the ocean floor. K v's for the interior of the deep Pacific calculated from the relationship K v = (4 X 10 -6 cm 2/sec 3 ) / [ (g/p)(;)p p o r / a z ) ] agree well with published estimates, K v ' s calculated for the pycnocline are one to two orders of magnitude smaller than upper limits estimated from tritium and 7Be distributions. Heat fluxes calculated with the model K v ' s obtained from the 222Rn profiles average 31 #cal cm -2 sec -1 in the Atlantic Ocean and 8 / a c a l c m -2 sec -1 in the Pacific Ocean. SARMIENTO J . L . , D. E. HAMMOND and W. S. BROECKER, 1976. The calculation of the statistical counting error for 222Rn scintillation counting. GEOSECS Publ., 78. Also in: Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 32 (2): 351-356. The calculation of the statistical counting error for alpha-scintillation counting of 222Rn is complicated by the tact that two of the short-lived daughter products of 222 Rn are alpha emitters. All observed daughter-product counts attributable to parent decays that have already been detected m.lst be excluded in tile calculation of this error. An equation is derived which takes this into consideration. SASATANI TSUTOMU, 1976. Source process of a large deep-focus earthquake of 1970 in the Sea of Okhotsk. Z Phys.
Earth, 24 (1): 27-42. The source process of a large deep-focus earthquake (h = 643 kin) which occurred in the Sea of Okhotsk in 1970 is studied on the basis of the seismic body waves recorded on the WWSSN long-period seismograms. The P-wave source functions are obtained from the long-period P-wave signals by eliminating the effects of the seismograph, crust and mantle. The interpretation of the source functions yields the following results: this shock is a triplet and three events are located at nearly the same hypocenter; the rupture corresponding to each event spreads out separately but finally covers a more or less fan-shaped surface. The source parameters are estimated from the comparison of the P-wave source functions with the calculated P-wave displacements. Seismic moment Mo, rupture velocity c, fault area S, displacement discontinuity D and stress drop Art are estimated as follows: Mo = 1.1 X 1027 dyne • cm, c = 4.0 km/sec, S = 420 km 2 , D = 1.9 m and AO = 320 bars. The tectonic implications of the source parameters and the orientation of the earthquake-generating stress are discussed. SAYLER G. S. and R. R. COLWELL, 1976. Partitioning of mercury and polychlorinated biphenyl by oil, water, and suspended sediment. L~viron. Sci. Teehnol., 10 (12): 1142-1145. Freshwater and marine systems comprising mixtures of suspended sediment and/or crude oil were tested for partitioning of mercury and HCB in the suspended sediment and oil. Appropriate media to which radioactively labeled 203 HgCI2 and U -~ 4C 2,4,5,2', 4', 5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) were added were analyzed. Following initial mixture and 24-h incubation, the water, oil, and suspended