- Email: [email protected]
Watsu therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome
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Abstracts / Sleep Medicine 14S (2013) e165–e238
COPD and OHS patients. Indeed, Hoffstein’s formula, used widely in Caucasian patients to predict continuous positive airway pressure, tends to underestimate the required CPAP in Asian patients with OSA. In Japanese and Korean studies, this was largely attributed to racial differences in craniofacial anatomy and possibly, airway compliance. Our second case further illustrates that high pressures are required to reduce respiratory events in our group of OHS patients. However, overtitration may lead to treatment-emergent central apneas, as in our case. It is currently unknown if the Asian patients are more susceptible to treatment-emergent central apneas compared to their Caucasian counterparts. More studies are required to further elucidate this hypothesis. Acknowledgements: We would like to acknowledge our supervisors, Dr. Yap Wee See and Dr Lee Yeow Hian, for their guidance. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.421
Effects of sleep deprivation on pain sensitivity in healthy subjects J. Lee 1, J. Kim 2, H. Shin 3 1 Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Australia 2 The University of Sydney, Brain Dynamics Centre, Australia 3 Komoki Sleep Center, Australia
Introduction: The relationship between sleep and pain has recently been seen as reciprocal. Pain may disturb sleep, but changes in sleep pattern could also influence pain perception. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on electrical pain sensitivity in healthy adults. Materials and methods: Twenty healthy male subjects with good sleep quality (age 20–39 years) were investigated twice, once after habitual sleep (HS) and once after partial sleep deprivation. Overnight polysomnographic recordings were done during the night of HS, and actigraphic recordings were done during the night of PSD (2 h of time-in-bed at dawn). Electrical pain detection thresholds and tolerance thresholds were measured in the morning after each night. Subjective pain intensity during repetitive electrical pain stimulation was measured with visual analogue scale, and sleepiness was measured with Stanford sleepiness scale. All subjects completed daily sleep and pain diaries during the experimental period. Results: Total sleep time of HS and PSD nights were 449 ¡3/4 20.6 min and 96.1 ¡3/4 12.3 min. Compared to HS, PSD decreased significantly electrical pain detection threshold (28.5 ¡3/4 4.5 mA vs. 23.6 ¡3/4 5.4 mA, p < 0.01) and tolerance threshold (54.5¡3/ 48.7 mA vs. 43.5¡3/45.4 mA, p < 0.01), but increased significantly subjective pain intensity (5.5 ¡3/4 1.1 vs. 6.8 ¡3/4 1.7, p < 0.01). After PSD, subjective sleepiness was negatively correlated with pain detection threshold (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that reduced sleep time is associated with increased pain sensitivity, and there is an interaction between sleep and the brain mechanism of pain perception. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.422
Effects of sleep disordered breathing on quality of life S. Lee 1, Y. Chung 1, M. Jo 2 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, South Korea 2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, South Korea Introduction: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a considerably common sleep disorder that can be very disruptive to your sleep
which in turn can affect your overall wellbeing and quality of life. EuroQol (EQ-5D) is a standardized instrument for use as a measure for health outcome. The purpose of this paper is to compare quality of life in SDB and that in healthy controls with Korean version of listed measurements. Materials and methods: Data was collected from a total of 600 representative healthy controls and 288 SDB patients. After ruling out for snoring and controlling for age and gender, remaining 229 controls were enrolled in this study. All SDB patients completed overnight polysomnography (PSG) and divided into four subgroups (simple snoring, mild, moderate, severe) according to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Three patients showing normal PSG findings were excluded. We evaluated quality of life using Korean version of the EQ-5D index, EQ-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results: The mean age of patients and healthy controls were 46 and 42.3, respectively. The proportions of male subjects were 86.8% and 85.8%. EQ-VASs were 73.2 ¡3/4 15.7 and 81.5 ¡3/4 12.3 in patients group and healthy controls, respectively (p < 0.005). EQ5D index were 0.939 ¡3/4 0.094 and 0.963 ¡3/4 0.059 in patients group and healthy controls (p < 0.001). The EQ-VASs and EQ-5D index were lower in patients group than in healthy controls. ESS scores were 11.3 ¡3/4 5.0 for patients group and 4.3 ¡3/4 3.0 for healthy controls (p < 0.005). ESS scores were higher in patients group than in healthy controls. Patients group was classified as 42 (14.7%) simple snoring, 52 (18.3%) mild-, 77 (27%) moderate -, 114 (40%) severe sleep apnea patients. The mean ESS score of simple snoring and severe sleep apnea patients were 10.0 ¡3/4 4.0 and 12.06 ¡3/4 5.12. Statistically significant differences were found between two subgroups (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significantly negative linear correlation between ESS scores and EQ-VAS (p = 0.003 r = 0.174). Conclusion: We founded that general quality of life in sleep apnea were poorer than that in healthy controls using Korean version of EQ-5D, ESS scores and EQ-VAS. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Sun Ok Kim from Asan Medical Center Department of Preventive Medicine for help with statistical analysis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.423
Watsu therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome J. Resende Silveira Leite, D. Almeida Galdino Alves, D. Alves Silva, L. Fernandes Do Prado, G. Fernandes Do Prado, L. Bizari Coin De Carvalho Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a rheumatic syndrome characterized by diffuse and chronic pain at specific points, called tender points. Among the hydrotherapy techniques is Watsu which combines passive stretching with the centralization of breathing, promoting deep relaxation for the patient, causing physical and emotional relief. Objective: This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of Watsu method in symptoms of pain, anxiety and sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 12 participants with confirmed medical diagnosis of fibromyalgia, aged 30–60 years. The assessment instruments were: Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS) ranging from zero (little pain) to 10 (maximum pain), Beck Anxiety Inventory ranging from 0 (no anxiety) to 63 (severe anxiety) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ranging from zero to X being the worse the sleep the higher the score. The patients underwent 15 sessions, 3 times per week, and evaluated pre and post-treatment. Results: We observed by the VAS that the pain symptom decreases from 6.04 before treatment to 1.12 post-treatment (p = 0.00001), the
Abstracts / Sleep Medicine 14S (2013) e165–e238
anxiety reduced from 32.5 before treatment to 13.6 after treatment (p = 0.0024), and sleep quality improved from 12.67 in the pre- treatment to 5.58 post-treatment (p = 0.00004). Conclusion: It was concluded that Watsu method was effective in improving symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia related to pain, anxiety and sleep quality. Acknowledgement: Thanks to the support and encouragement Unilavras research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.424
Assessment questionnaire of children with Sleep Apnea (TUCASA): translation, cultural adaptation and validation J. Resende Silveira Leite, V. Ruotolo Ferreira, L. Fernandes Do Prado, G. Fernandes Do Prado, L. Bizari Coin De Carvalho Introduction: Tucson Children ‘s Assessment on Sleep Apnea Study (TuCASA) was developed by Goodwin and coworkers in the United States - Tucson in 2003. It is a questionnaire consisting of 13 questions that assess the symptoms of Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) in children from 04 to 11 years. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the questionnaire TuCASA to Brazilian Portuguese. Materials and methods: It was performed in the 1st phase: translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, committee review and technical test with 30 children. The instructions of the scale and its items were adapted, taking into account the semantic, conceptual, experiential and cultural equivalences. We are holding the 2nd phase, validation of the questionnaire at Neurosono Sleep Center, Unifesp, São Paulo SP, Brazil and at Unilavras, Lavras MG, Brazil, in 60 children diagnosed with SDB and 60 children without the diagnosis of SDB by polysomnography. Results: Preliminary Results: Up to now, 59 questionnaires were applied, 19 children with SDB, 20 with primary snoring and 20 without DRS. Conclusion: The questionnaire demonstrates to be a suitable instrument for checking symptoms of SDB that will assist in the indication of polysomnography diagnostic. Acknowledgements: Thank Capes, CNPq and institutions UNILAVRAS and UNIFESP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.425
Utility of the statistical and nonlinear analysis for the actigraphic sleep pattern characterization D. Martin Martinez 1, P. Casaseca De La Higuera 1, C. Alberola Lopez 1, J. Garmendia Leiza 2, J. Andres De Llano 3, S. Alberola Lopez 4 1 LPI Research Group, ETSI Telecomunicacion, University of Valladolid, Spain 2 EAP Jardinillos, SACYL, LPI Reserach Group, Spain 3 Servicio de Pediatria, CAP Palencia, LPI Research Group, Spain 4 EAP Jardinillos, SACYL, Spain
Introduction: Actigraphy is a useful tool for the assessment of the sleep pattern being mainly addressed by means of the Sadeh’s algorithm; hence several aspects of sleep, such as regularity, have not been appropriately studied so far. This paper strives for showing the utility of both analysis of the sleep registries to complement the sleep pattern characterization. The discriminant capability of some statistical and nonlinear features has been evaluated over two cohorts (institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly) in
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which the features resulting from the Sadeh’s algorithm do not show significant differences. Materials and methods: Case/control study of elderly patients (65 years older). The case group was 144 institutionalized patients, while the control group were 124 patient home-living. Subjects were monitored with the Actigraph GT3x device, 24 h a day from Monday to Thursday, using 1 s epochs. Statistical features are composed by the mean, median, standard deviation, the interquartile range and the variation coefficient (VC). Nonlinear features are formed by those extracted through the analysis with the central tendency measure (CTM) and symbolic dynamics (SD). CTM evaluates the regularity at the ro scale (ro = 0, typically), while the SD (3 symbols long alphabet; 2 symbols/word) provides a set of word appearance probabilities that indicates either regularity or variability; Besides, the Shannon’s entropy (ES) has been also included as complexity measure. All these features have been analysed by means of the U-test of Mann–Whitney to determine the existence of significant differences between the cohorts. Results: As for the statistical features, only the VC shows significant differences, being higher in the control group (p < 0.05). Regarding the nonlinear features, both CTM and SD give out discriminant features; specifically, the control group shows higher values of CTM (p < 0.04), P02, P20 and P22 (p < 0.02), whereas higher values of ES are achieved in the case group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both the VC, the CTM and the SD are useful to complement the characterization of the sleep pattern. In the current study, these features allow for the assessment of the regularity and the intensity of activity during sleep. Results of both the CTM and the ES point out that the activity of institutionalized elderly is less regular than the activity of those who live at home, which is in line with the results of P22. Acknowledgement: Research supported by the Health Service of the Regional Government of Castilla y Leon. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.426
Influence of institutionalization on the sleep pattern in elderly population J. Garmendia Leiza 1, M. Aguilar Garcia 2, J. Andres De Llano 3, D. Martin Martinez 4, P. Casaseca De La Higuera 4, C. Alberola Lopez 4 1 EAP Jardinillos (SACYL) Palencia, LPI Research Group, University of Valladolid, Spain 2 SACYL, EAP La Puebla, Spain 3 SACYL, Servicio de Pediatria, Cap Palencia, Spain 4 University of Valladolid, LPI Research Group, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Spain
Introduction: More common health complaints in institutionalized patients are insomnia and sleep disorders comparing with home-living elderly patient. The aim of this study was for analyze sleep pattern in elderly population, comparing institutionalized elderly and home-living elderly. Materials and methods: Case and control study comparison between 266 elderly patients (65 year older), 142 institutionalized whereas the control group was 124 patients living at home. Subjects were monitored with the Actigraph GT3x device (placed on the right wrist) 24 h a day during seven consecutive days, using 1 s lasted epochs. The sleep patterns of both groups have been extracted through the well known Sadeh’s algorithm and analysed by means of the U-test of Mann–Whitney (a non-parametric variant of the Student’s t-test) in order to determine the existence of statistically significant differences between the groups under analysis.
Abstracts / Sleep Medicine 14S (2013) e165–e238
COPD and OHS patients. Indeed, Hoffstein’s formula, used widely in Caucasian patients to predict continuous positive airway pressure, tends to underestimate the required CPAP in Asian patients with OSA. In Japanese and Korean studies, this was largely attributed to racial differences in craniofacial anatomy and possibly, airway compliance. Our second case further illustrates that high pressures are required to reduce respiratory events in our group of OHS patients. However, overtitration may lead to treatment-emergent central apneas, as in our case. It is currently unknown if the Asian patients are more susceptible to treatment-emergent central apneas compared to their Caucasian counterparts. More studies are required to further elucidate this hypothesis. Acknowledgements: We would like to acknowledge our supervisors, Dr. Yap Wee See and Dr Lee Yeow Hian, for their guidance. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.421
Effects of sleep deprivation on pain sensitivity in healthy subjects J. Lee 1, J. Kim 2, H. Shin 3 1 Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Australia 2 The University of Sydney, Brain Dynamics Centre, Australia 3 Komoki Sleep Center, Australia
Introduction: The relationship between sleep and pain has recently been seen as reciprocal. Pain may disturb sleep, but changes in sleep pattern could also influence pain perception. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on electrical pain sensitivity in healthy adults. Materials and methods: Twenty healthy male subjects with good sleep quality (age 20–39 years) were investigated twice, once after habitual sleep (HS) and once after partial sleep deprivation. Overnight polysomnographic recordings were done during the night of HS, and actigraphic recordings were done during the night of PSD (2 h of time-in-bed at dawn). Electrical pain detection thresholds and tolerance thresholds were measured in the morning after each night. Subjective pain intensity during repetitive electrical pain stimulation was measured with visual analogue scale, and sleepiness was measured with Stanford sleepiness scale. All subjects completed daily sleep and pain diaries during the experimental period. Results: Total sleep time of HS and PSD nights were 449 ¡3/4 20.6 min and 96.1 ¡3/4 12.3 min. Compared to HS, PSD decreased significantly electrical pain detection threshold (28.5 ¡3/4 4.5 mA vs. 23.6 ¡3/4 5.4 mA, p < 0.01) and tolerance threshold (54.5¡3/ 48.7 mA vs. 43.5¡3/45.4 mA, p < 0.01), but increased significantly subjective pain intensity (5.5 ¡3/4 1.1 vs. 6.8 ¡3/4 1.7, p < 0.01). After PSD, subjective sleepiness was negatively correlated with pain detection threshold (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that reduced sleep time is associated with increased pain sensitivity, and there is an interaction between sleep and the brain mechanism of pain perception. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.422
Effects of sleep disordered breathing on quality of life S. Lee 1, Y. Chung 1, M. Jo 2 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, South Korea 2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, South Korea Introduction: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a considerably common sleep disorder that can be very disruptive to your sleep
which in turn can affect your overall wellbeing and quality of life. EuroQol (EQ-5D) is a standardized instrument for use as a measure for health outcome. The purpose of this paper is to compare quality of life in SDB and that in healthy controls with Korean version of listed measurements. Materials and methods: Data was collected from a total of 600 representative healthy controls and 288 SDB patients. After ruling out for snoring and controlling for age and gender, remaining 229 controls were enrolled in this study. All SDB patients completed overnight polysomnography (PSG) and divided into four subgroups (simple snoring, mild, moderate, severe) according to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Three patients showing normal PSG findings were excluded. We evaluated quality of life using Korean version of the EQ-5D index, EQ-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results: The mean age of patients and healthy controls were 46 and 42.3, respectively. The proportions of male subjects were 86.8% and 85.8%. EQ-VASs were 73.2 ¡3/4 15.7 and 81.5 ¡3/4 12.3 in patients group and healthy controls, respectively (p < 0.005). EQ5D index were 0.939 ¡3/4 0.094 and 0.963 ¡3/4 0.059 in patients group and healthy controls (p < 0.001). The EQ-VASs and EQ-5D index were lower in patients group than in healthy controls. ESS scores were 11.3 ¡3/4 5.0 for patients group and 4.3 ¡3/4 3.0 for healthy controls (p < 0.005). ESS scores were higher in patients group than in healthy controls. Patients group was classified as 42 (14.7%) simple snoring, 52 (18.3%) mild-, 77 (27%) moderate -, 114 (40%) severe sleep apnea patients. The mean ESS score of simple snoring and severe sleep apnea patients were 10.0 ¡3/4 4.0 and 12.06 ¡3/4 5.12. Statistically significant differences were found between two subgroups (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significantly negative linear correlation between ESS scores and EQ-VAS (p = 0.003 r = 0.174). Conclusion: We founded that general quality of life in sleep apnea were poorer than that in healthy controls using Korean version of EQ-5D, ESS scores and EQ-VAS. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Sun Ok Kim from Asan Medical Center Department of Preventive Medicine for help with statistical analysis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.423
Watsu therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome J. Resende Silveira Leite, D. Almeida Galdino Alves, D. Alves Silva, L. Fernandes Do Prado, G. Fernandes Do Prado, L. Bizari Coin De Carvalho Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a rheumatic syndrome characterized by diffuse and chronic pain at specific points, called tender points. Among the hydrotherapy techniques is Watsu which combines passive stretching with the centralization of breathing, promoting deep relaxation for the patient, causing physical and emotional relief. Objective: This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of Watsu method in symptoms of pain, anxiety and sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 12 participants with confirmed medical diagnosis of fibromyalgia, aged 30–60 years. The assessment instruments were: Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS) ranging from zero (little pain) to 10 (maximum pain), Beck Anxiety Inventory ranging from 0 (no anxiety) to 63 (severe anxiety) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ranging from zero to X being the worse the sleep the higher the score. The patients underwent 15 sessions, 3 times per week, and evaluated pre and post-treatment. Results: We observed by the VAS that the pain symptom decreases from 6.04 before treatment to 1.12 post-treatment (p = 0.00001), the
Abstracts / Sleep Medicine 14S (2013) e165–e238
anxiety reduced from 32.5 before treatment to 13.6 after treatment (p = 0.0024), and sleep quality improved from 12.67 in the pre- treatment to 5.58 post-treatment (p = 0.00004). Conclusion: It was concluded that Watsu method was effective in improving symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia related to pain, anxiety and sleep quality. Acknowledgement: Thanks to the support and encouragement Unilavras research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.424
Assessment questionnaire of children with Sleep Apnea (TUCASA): translation, cultural adaptation and validation J. Resende Silveira Leite, V. Ruotolo Ferreira, L. Fernandes Do Prado, G. Fernandes Do Prado, L. Bizari Coin De Carvalho Introduction: Tucson Children ‘s Assessment on Sleep Apnea Study (TuCASA) was developed by Goodwin and coworkers in the United States - Tucson in 2003. It is a questionnaire consisting of 13 questions that assess the symptoms of Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) in children from 04 to 11 years. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the questionnaire TuCASA to Brazilian Portuguese. Materials and methods: It was performed in the 1st phase: translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, committee review and technical test with 30 children. The instructions of the scale and its items were adapted, taking into account the semantic, conceptual, experiential and cultural equivalences. We are holding the 2nd phase, validation of the questionnaire at Neurosono Sleep Center, Unifesp, São Paulo SP, Brazil and at Unilavras, Lavras MG, Brazil, in 60 children diagnosed with SDB and 60 children without the diagnosis of SDB by polysomnography. Results: Preliminary Results: Up to now, 59 questionnaires were applied, 19 children with SDB, 20 with primary snoring and 20 without DRS. Conclusion: The questionnaire demonstrates to be a suitable instrument for checking symptoms of SDB that will assist in the indication of polysomnography diagnostic. Acknowledgements: Thank Capes, CNPq and institutions UNILAVRAS and UNIFESP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.425
Utility of the statistical and nonlinear analysis for the actigraphic sleep pattern characterization D. Martin Martinez 1, P. Casaseca De La Higuera 1, C. Alberola Lopez 1, J. Garmendia Leiza 2, J. Andres De Llano 3, S. Alberola Lopez 4 1 LPI Research Group, ETSI Telecomunicacion, University of Valladolid, Spain 2 EAP Jardinillos, SACYL, LPI Reserach Group, Spain 3 Servicio de Pediatria, CAP Palencia, LPI Research Group, Spain 4 EAP Jardinillos, SACYL, Spain
Introduction: Actigraphy is a useful tool for the assessment of the sleep pattern being mainly addressed by means of the Sadeh’s algorithm; hence several aspects of sleep, such as regularity, have not been appropriately studied so far. This paper strives for showing the utility of both analysis of the sleep registries to complement the sleep pattern characterization. The discriminant capability of some statistical and nonlinear features has been evaluated over two cohorts (institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly) in
e181
which the features resulting from the Sadeh’s algorithm do not show significant differences. Materials and methods: Case/control study of elderly patients (65 years older). The case group was 144 institutionalized patients, while the control group were 124 patient home-living. Subjects were monitored with the Actigraph GT3x device, 24 h a day from Monday to Thursday, using 1 s epochs. Statistical features are composed by the mean, median, standard deviation, the interquartile range and the variation coefficient (VC). Nonlinear features are formed by those extracted through the analysis with the central tendency measure (CTM) and symbolic dynamics (SD). CTM evaluates the regularity at the ro scale (ro = 0, typically), while the SD (3 symbols long alphabet; 2 symbols/word) provides a set of word appearance probabilities that indicates either regularity or variability; Besides, the Shannon’s entropy (ES) has been also included as complexity measure. All these features have been analysed by means of the U-test of Mann–Whitney to determine the existence of significant differences between the cohorts. Results: As for the statistical features, only the VC shows significant differences, being higher in the control group (p < 0.05). Regarding the nonlinear features, both CTM and SD give out discriminant features; specifically, the control group shows higher values of CTM (p < 0.04), P02, P20 and P22 (p < 0.02), whereas higher values of ES are achieved in the case group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both the VC, the CTM and the SD are useful to complement the characterization of the sleep pattern. In the current study, these features allow for the assessment of the regularity and the intensity of activity during sleep. Results of both the CTM and the ES point out that the activity of institutionalized elderly is less regular than the activity of those who live at home, which is in line with the results of P22. Acknowledgement: Research supported by the Health Service of the Regional Government of Castilla y Leon. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.426
Influence of institutionalization on the sleep pattern in elderly population J. Garmendia Leiza 1, M. Aguilar Garcia 2, J. Andres De Llano 3, D. Martin Martinez 4, P. Casaseca De La Higuera 4, C. Alberola Lopez 4 1 EAP Jardinillos (SACYL) Palencia, LPI Research Group, University of Valladolid, Spain 2 SACYL, EAP La Puebla, Spain 3 SACYL, Servicio de Pediatria, Cap Palencia, Spain 4 University of Valladolid, LPI Research Group, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Spain
Introduction: More common health complaints in institutionalized patients are insomnia and sleep disorders comparing with home-living elderly patient. The aim of this study was for analyze sleep pattern in elderly population, comparing institutionalized elderly and home-living elderly. Materials and methods: Case and control study comparison between 266 elderly patients (65 year older), 142 institutionalized whereas the control group was 124 patients living at home. Subjects were monitored with the Actigraph GT3x device (placed on the right wrist) 24 h a day during seven consecutive days, using 1 s lasted epochs. The sleep patterns of both groups have been extracted through the well known Sadeh’s algorithm and analysed by means of the U-test of Mann–Whitney (a non-parametric variant of the Student’s t-test) in order to determine the existence of statistically significant differences between the groups under analysis.