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Ways in which emotion can affect the digestive tract
825
AOstructs
experiments are convincing what in animal fats and other tissues. Animal that lack of vitamine E in the diet causes a diminution of or a complete loss of the powers of reproduction.
Pa~steurizatkm.
Milton
J. Rosenau.
New England
J. Med. 200: 2, 1929.
Bad milk was formerly responsible for more sickness and deaths than perhaps all other foods combined. Thanks to our present day technic in the handling and the pasteurization of milk this statement no longer holds true. According to this authority milk is best pasteurized by heating it to 142” to 145” F. for thirty minutes. The sole object of pasteurization is to destroy the microorganisms which are sometimes found in milk and which may cause infection in ma,n. Diseases such as tuberculosis. typhoid fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria, septic sore throat, milk sickness, foot and mouth disease, dysentery and other gastrointestinal troubles are known to be milk-borne. Milk thus heated to the point of pasteurization does not undergo any apFurthermore, pasteurization of the pr,eciable physical or chemical change. rrrilk does not affect its contents of vitamine A, vitamine B or vitamine D. These vitamines are resistant to heat, drying and age. The moderate and variable amount of vitamine C in milk is readily affected by age, oxidation, heat and other influences.
hich Ematicm Can Affect t,he Digestive J. A. M. A. 92: 15, 1929.
Ways in
Tract.
Walter
C. dlmwz,
Alvarez reviews the literature and recites some of his own experiences which show that emotion can stimulate or inhibit not only peristalsis but also the salivary, pancreatic and gastric juices. Cannon in 1896, while experimentin, 03 on animals, found that the slightest ulleasiness, discomfort or anger experienced by the animals would immediately stop all movement in the stomach and bowels. In rabbits other investigators found that even the slightest pain will stop perishalsis. Similar observations were also noticed clinically in human beings. In regard to the psychic secretien of salivary , gastric and pancreatic juices, Alvarez tells of the resul.ts of many observers who, working with men, women and children having good appetites, found little difficulty in securing gastric secretion when they allowed the subjects to see, smell or taste food. Other observers emphasized the importance of chewing in stimulating gastric s,ecretion. In addition, some authorit,ies state that chewing has little effect on the gastric secretion if the subjects could neither see nor smell the food to be ingested. On the other hand, unpleasant or painful emotion can stop gastric secretions. Similarly, it has been observed that the secretion of gastric juice was either reduced or stopped after severe muscular exhaustion or physical fatigue. In view of all these findings the author suggests that more effort be made to warn patients against eating when absent-minded, mentally upset or greatly fatigued.
AOstructs
experiments are convincing what in animal fats and other tissues. Animal that lack of vitamine E in the diet causes a diminution of or a complete loss of the powers of reproduction.
Pa~steurizatkm.
Milton
J. Rosenau.
New England
J. Med. 200: 2, 1929.
Bad milk was formerly responsible for more sickness and deaths than perhaps all other foods combined. Thanks to our present day technic in the handling and the pasteurization of milk this statement no longer holds true. According to this authority milk is best pasteurized by heating it to 142” to 145” F. for thirty minutes. The sole object of pasteurization is to destroy the microorganisms which are sometimes found in milk and which may cause infection in ma,n. Diseases such as tuberculosis. typhoid fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria, septic sore throat, milk sickness, foot and mouth disease, dysentery and other gastrointestinal troubles are known to be milk-borne. Milk thus heated to the point of pasteurization does not undergo any apFurthermore, pasteurization of the pr,eciable physical or chemical change. rrrilk does not affect its contents of vitamine A, vitamine B or vitamine D. These vitamines are resistant to heat, drying and age. The moderate and variable amount of vitamine C in milk is readily affected by age, oxidation, heat and other influences.
hich Ematicm Can Affect t,he Digestive J. A. M. A. 92: 15, 1929.
Ways in
Tract.
Walter
C. dlmwz,
Alvarez reviews the literature and recites some of his own experiences which show that emotion can stimulate or inhibit not only peristalsis but also the salivary, pancreatic and gastric juices. Cannon in 1896, while experimentin, 03 on animals, found that the slightest ulleasiness, discomfort or anger experienced by the animals would immediately stop all movement in the stomach and bowels. In rabbits other investigators found that even the slightest pain will stop perishalsis. Similar observations were also noticed clinically in human beings. In regard to the psychic secretien of salivary , gastric and pancreatic juices, Alvarez tells of the resul.ts of many observers who, working with men, women and children having good appetites, found little difficulty in securing gastric secretion when they allowed the subjects to see, smell or taste food. Other observers emphasized the importance of chewing in stimulating gastric s,ecretion. In addition, some authorit,ies state that chewing has little effect on the gastric secretion if the subjects could neither see nor smell the food to be ingested. On the other hand, unpleasant or painful emotion can stop gastric secretions. Similarly, it has been observed that the secretion of gastric juice was either reduced or stopped after severe muscular exhaustion or physical fatigue. In view of all these findings the author suggests that more effort be made to warn patients against eating when absent-minded, mentally upset or greatly fatigued.