- Email: [email protected]
Weight-Bearing vs. Non-Weight-Bearing exercises performed at different intensities. Effects on obese adolescents' perceived exertion
Abstracts/Appetite 89 (2015) 301–330
Physical activity during pregnancy and its effects on fetal parameters in the second trimester P.C. SANTOS a,b, V. ALVES a, M. COUTO a, M. FERREIRA b, O. ALVES a, C. MOREIRA b, S. ABREU b, R. SANTOS b, J. MOTA b. a Department of Physiotherapy – School of Health Technology, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal, b Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal. [email protected] The physical activity (PA) during pregnancy still remains controversial due to the risk and protective effects on the fetal parameters (cephalic perimeter, abdominal perimeter, femur length and fetal weight). The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends that pregnant women do, at least, 150 weekly minutes of moderate PA during a week (WK). This study aimed to (1) verify the relation between the accomplishment of ACSM guidelines PA and the maternal individual characteristics; (2) verify the relation between accomplishment of these guidelines and the fetal parameters in the second trimester. Prospective study was conducted at Hospital S. João, with a sample of 137 pregnant women. Socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were assessed via questionnaire. PA was assessed by accelerometry (used for 7 consecutive days) in the second trimester (20–22 weeks). The fetal parameters were assessed by ultrasound between the 20th and 22nd gestational week, always by the same medical. No relation was found between the participants’ individual characteristics and the accomplishment of the ACSM’s recommendations, with p value for all the variables being >0.05. There is no difference between the fetal parameters in the second trimester of the women who follow the recommendations (p > 0.05). The pregnant women’s individual characteristics were not related with the accomplishment of the ACSM’s recommendations. Any relation between the recommendations accomplishment and the fetal parameters in the second trimester was not found and no negative influence was found in the same parameters. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.035
Young subjects with increased central adiposity have lower metabolic risk when cardiorespiratory fitness is augmented G. SILVA a , L. AIRES a,b , C. MARTINS c , J. MOTA a , J. OLIVEIRA a , J.C. RIBEIRO a. a CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal, b University Institute of Maia, Portugal, c PAPGEF UPE/UFPB, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil. [email protected] Central adiposity is a well-recognized risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, while cardiorespiratory fitness seems to play a protective role for these comorbidities. This study aimed to analyse associations between metabolic risk and cardiorespiratory fitness in young subjects with increased central adiposity (ICA). From a previous population-based study, 155 subjects aged 10–18 years (60% girls) with ICA were selected to participate in this study. ICA was defined as waist circumference (WC) above the 75th percentile. High cardiorespiratory fitness (HCRF) was assumed as a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) greater than the 75th percentile. VO2max was estimated from the 20 m Shuttle Run test. Metabolic risk score (MRS) was calculated from z-cores for WC, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and mean arterial pressure, calculated for each group of sex and age. Increased metabolic risk (IMRS) was defined as a MRS greater than the 75th percentile. Percentiles and z-scores were adjusted for age and sex groups. General Linear Model and Logistic Regression were used. MRS was greater (P < 0.001; Partial η2 = 0.100) in subjects with reduced CRF (0.535 ± 0.507) than in subjects with HCRF (0.215 ± 0.439). Subjects with HCRF presented a reduced risk for IMRS (OR = 0.236; 95%CI: 0.111–0.500; P < 0.001). Increased cardiorespiratory fitness might be protective for the presence of greater metabolic risk, even in subjects with increased central adiposity. [Supported by FCT with grants PEst-OE/SAU/UI0617/2011
311
and PTDC/DTP-DES/1328/2012/FCT/FCOMP-01–0124-FEDER -028619]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.036
Physical activity is related to fatty liver marker in obese youth, independently of central obesity or cardiorespiratory fitness L. AIRES a,b , C. MARTINS c , G. SILVA a , L. LEMOS c , D. SILVEIRA d , J. MOTA a. a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, b University Institute of Maia, c Department of Physical Education – UPE/UFPB, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco – UFRPE, Portugal, d University of Paraíba – UFPB, Brazil. [email protected] Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is related to physical activity (PA) levels, and increased PA plays a protective role against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFDL). This study aimed to analyze associations between PA and a fatty liver marker (alanine aminotransferase – ALT) in obese youths. One hundred and thirty-one obese subjects (83 girls, 7–15 year-olds) involved in a PA program comprised the sample. Measurements included anthropometric and body composition evaluations (DEXA), biological measurements (venipuncture), CRF (progressive treadmill test), PA (accelerometry), and maturational stage (Tanner criteria). Three different linear regression models were analyzed to explore the associations between ALT, PA intensities, central obesity, and CRF, with adjustments for potential confounders. ALT was negatively associated with MVPA (β = −0.305), and CRF (β = −0.426), and positively associated with central obesity (β = 0.468). After adjustment for central obesity, the negative and significant associations ALT-MVPA (β = −0.364) and ALT-CRF (β = −0.550) persisted, while a positive and significant correlation was shown between ALT and SB (β = 0.382). Additional adjustment for CRF (Model 3) showed significant associations for all the PA intensities analyzed including light activity. PA at different intensities is associated to a fatty liver marker in obese children and adolescents, independently of central adiposity or CRF. Supported by FCT – Ref: PEst-OE/SAU/UI0617/2014 FEDER funds through the Operational Competitiveness Programme-COMPETE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.037
Weight-Bearing vs. Non-Weight-Bearing exercises performed at different intensities. Effects on obese adolescents’ perceived exertion D. THIVEL a, G. O’MALLEY b. a Clermont University (AME2P), ClermontFerrand, France, b Temple Street Children’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. [email protected] Excess weight composes an important limitation to exercise in obese youth. This study compared the perceived exertion of obese adolescents between Weight-Bearing (WB) and Non-weight-Bearing (NWB) exercises performed at moderate (55%VO2max) and high (75%VO2max) intensities. After assessment of their body composition and physical capacities, 24 obese adolescents had to complete four isoenergetic exercise sessions: 1) cycling session at 55% VO2max (NWB55%); 2) cycling session set at 75% (NWB55%); 3) running session at 55% (WB55%); running session at 75% (WB75%). Perceived exertion was assessed using a visual scale at regular interval. While no significant effect of the exercise modality (WB vs. NWB) was observed, the adolescents expressed a significantly lower RPE during exercises at 55%VO2max (p < 0.0001). An intensity × modality interaction revealed that RPE was lower at 75% VO2max during NWB exercises (p < 0.05). Intensive exercise appears well tolerated in adolescents when their body weight is supported. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.038
Physical activity during pregnancy and its effects on fetal parameters in the second trimester P.C. SANTOS a,b, V. ALVES a, M. COUTO a, M. FERREIRA b, O. ALVES a, C. MOREIRA b, S. ABREU b, R. SANTOS b, J. MOTA b. a Department of Physiotherapy – School of Health Technology, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal, b Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal. [email protected] The physical activity (PA) during pregnancy still remains controversial due to the risk and protective effects on the fetal parameters (cephalic perimeter, abdominal perimeter, femur length and fetal weight). The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends that pregnant women do, at least, 150 weekly minutes of moderate PA during a week (WK). This study aimed to (1) verify the relation between the accomplishment of ACSM guidelines PA and the maternal individual characteristics; (2) verify the relation between accomplishment of these guidelines and the fetal parameters in the second trimester. Prospective study was conducted at Hospital S. João, with a sample of 137 pregnant women. Socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were assessed via questionnaire. PA was assessed by accelerometry (used for 7 consecutive days) in the second trimester (20–22 weeks). The fetal parameters were assessed by ultrasound between the 20th and 22nd gestational week, always by the same medical. No relation was found between the participants’ individual characteristics and the accomplishment of the ACSM’s recommendations, with p value for all the variables being >0.05. There is no difference between the fetal parameters in the second trimester of the women who follow the recommendations (p > 0.05). The pregnant women’s individual characteristics were not related with the accomplishment of the ACSM’s recommendations. Any relation between the recommendations accomplishment and the fetal parameters in the second trimester was not found and no negative influence was found in the same parameters. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.035
Young subjects with increased central adiposity have lower metabolic risk when cardiorespiratory fitness is augmented G. SILVA a , L. AIRES a,b , C. MARTINS c , J. MOTA a , J. OLIVEIRA a , J.C. RIBEIRO a. a CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal, b University Institute of Maia, Portugal, c PAPGEF UPE/UFPB, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil. [email protected] Central adiposity is a well-recognized risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, while cardiorespiratory fitness seems to play a protective role for these comorbidities. This study aimed to analyse associations between metabolic risk and cardiorespiratory fitness in young subjects with increased central adiposity (ICA). From a previous population-based study, 155 subjects aged 10–18 years (60% girls) with ICA were selected to participate in this study. ICA was defined as waist circumference (WC) above the 75th percentile. High cardiorespiratory fitness (HCRF) was assumed as a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) greater than the 75th percentile. VO2max was estimated from the 20 m Shuttle Run test. Metabolic risk score (MRS) was calculated from z-cores for WC, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and mean arterial pressure, calculated for each group of sex and age. Increased metabolic risk (IMRS) was defined as a MRS greater than the 75th percentile. Percentiles and z-scores were adjusted for age and sex groups. General Linear Model and Logistic Regression were used. MRS was greater (P < 0.001; Partial η2 = 0.100) in subjects with reduced CRF (0.535 ± 0.507) than in subjects with HCRF (0.215 ± 0.439). Subjects with HCRF presented a reduced risk for IMRS (OR = 0.236; 95%CI: 0.111–0.500; P < 0.001). Increased cardiorespiratory fitness might be protective for the presence of greater metabolic risk, even in subjects with increased central adiposity. [Supported by FCT with grants PEst-OE/SAU/UI0617/2011
311
and PTDC/DTP-DES/1328/2012/FCT/FCOMP-01–0124-FEDER -028619]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.036
Physical activity is related to fatty liver marker in obese youth, independently of central obesity or cardiorespiratory fitness L. AIRES a,b , C. MARTINS c , G. SILVA a , L. LEMOS c , D. SILVEIRA d , J. MOTA a. a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, b University Institute of Maia, c Department of Physical Education – UPE/UFPB, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco – UFRPE, Portugal, d University of Paraíba – UFPB, Brazil. [email protected] Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is related to physical activity (PA) levels, and increased PA plays a protective role against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFDL). This study aimed to analyze associations between PA and a fatty liver marker (alanine aminotransferase – ALT) in obese youths. One hundred and thirty-one obese subjects (83 girls, 7–15 year-olds) involved in a PA program comprised the sample. Measurements included anthropometric and body composition evaluations (DEXA), biological measurements (venipuncture), CRF (progressive treadmill test), PA (accelerometry), and maturational stage (Tanner criteria). Three different linear regression models were analyzed to explore the associations between ALT, PA intensities, central obesity, and CRF, with adjustments for potential confounders. ALT was negatively associated with MVPA (β = −0.305), and CRF (β = −0.426), and positively associated with central obesity (β = 0.468). After adjustment for central obesity, the negative and significant associations ALT-MVPA (β = −0.364) and ALT-CRF (β = −0.550) persisted, while a positive and significant correlation was shown between ALT and SB (β = 0.382). Additional adjustment for CRF (Model 3) showed significant associations for all the PA intensities analyzed including light activity. PA at different intensities is associated to a fatty liver marker in obese children and adolescents, independently of central adiposity or CRF. Supported by FCT – Ref: PEst-OE/SAU/UI0617/2014 FEDER funds through the Operational Competitiveness Programme-COMPETE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.037
Weight-Bearing vs. Non-Weight-Bearing exercises performed at different intensities. Effects on obese adolescents’ perceived exertion D. THIVEL a, G. O’MALLEY b. a Clermont University (AME2P), ClermontFerrand, France, b Temple Street Children’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. [email protected] Excess weight composes an important limitation to exercise in obese youth. This study compared the perceived exertion of obese adolescents between Weight-Bearing (WB) and Non-weight-Bearing (NWB) exercises performed at moderate (55%VO2max) and high (75%VO2max) intensities. After assessment of their body composition and physical capacities, 24 obese adolescents had to complete four isoenergetic exercise sessions: 1) cycling session at 55% VO2max (NWB55%); 2) cycling session set at 75% (NWB55%); 3) running session at 55% (WB55%); running session at 75% (WB75%). Perceived exertion was assessed using a visual scale at regular interval. While no significant effect of the exercise modality (WB vs. NWB) was observed, the adolescents expressed a significantly lower RPE during exercises at 55%VO2max (p < 0.0001). An intensity × modality interaction revealed that RPE was lower at 75% VO2max during NWB exercises (p < 0.05). Intensive exercise appears well tolerated in adolescents when their body weight is supported. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.038