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WEIGHT-LIFTING.
1143 the Home Office after investigations carried out by the National Wool (and Allied) Textile Industrial Council; hence the proposed regulations represent an instance of an industry coining forward and desiring to have its practice controlled by statute. This procedure is in itself a matter of some moment. The scale of weights is here shown together with the approximate weights of those to whom it will apply :-
these statistics are based, and while the facts are thus fully presented, Dr. Darner has refrained from drawing any deductions other than a brief note in which he summarises the prevailing conclusions. Dr. ’, Cullen himself admits that the question is by no means settled and he pleads for further reports as to the end-results in gall-bladder cases. A follow-up investigation of a large number of cases treated by cholecystectomy would form an interesting comparison with this exceedingly instructive paper.
LIVER EXTRACT IN HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. AN announcement
was
made at the recent annual
I
meeting of the Ontario Medical Society to the effect that injections of a liver extract will reduce the high blood pressure of arterial disease. As yet no complete account of this work has appeared in the -scientific literature, but it will be interesting to review the established scientific researches tending to support such an hypothesis. In the first place, If weight be any criterion of power the adult male it is a matter of common knowledge that extracts of tissues are practically always depressor in action. is worst off ; moreover, as he grows older he is more The effect, however, only lasts for a short time. prone to develop hernia from weight-lifting. For the The idea of associating the liver with chronic hyper- rest about half the body-weight seems to be the tension is by no means original. A group of investi- standard chosen if the weight to be lifted be rigid, gators, about 15 years ago, paid special attention but here the juveniles are not quite so well off, since to the pharmacological properties of amines, and to they may lift over half their weight. Probably what their destruction in the liver. It was found that is practicable, without undue interference with many of the amines derived from amino-acids were custom, has influenced the weights chosen, which strongly pressor in action. Thus isobutylamine, of course represent the maximum permissible to isoamylamine and p-hydroxy-phenyl-ethylamine are lift and not what must be lifted. This scale, when capable of raising the blood pressure on injection accepted, will have administrative value, and, if (Dale and Dixon,l Barger and Dale2). It had previously it finally hastens the introduction of mechanical been shown that these bodies could be produced weight-lifting appliances, it will do good. from amino-acids by the action of the intestinal bacteria. The pressor effects of such amines, together with their possible production in the intestines, IN MEMORY OF SAUGMAN. suggested a new cause for chronic hypertension. ON March lst, 1925, Vejlefjord Sanatorium celeThus Harvey3 produced chronic renal and vascular sclerosis by feeding rabbits with p-hydroxy-phenyl- brated its twenty-fifth anniversary, and the occasion ethylamine. Clark4 found that the oral administra- was marked by the publication of a collection of tion of this body raised the blood pressure in man. papers,I written by several of Prof. Saugman’s former In 1910 Ewins and Laidlaw5 demonstrated that these amines, when perfused through a surviving liver, were detoxicated, and were converted into the6 oxy fatty acid derivative. Oehme, corresponding in 1913, indirectly confirmed this work by proving that much larger doses of these bodies were required to kill an animal when injected into the portal vein than when the amine was administered by injection It would appear, into the systemic circulation. therefore, that the liver can detoxicate pressor bases, .and the results of the further investigation promised by the University of Toronto will be awaited with interest.
assistants. Half a score of these papers are of a scientific character, and they contribute not a little to the modern literature of tuberculosis. But the paper which will be read with the greatest interest by those who had the privilege of knowing Saugman is the " Appreciation," written by Dr. J. Ostenfeld, was Saugman’s chief assistant in the period who 1902-1907. Here is one of the intimate touches with which Dr. Ostenfeld introduces us to the inner life at
____
WEIGHT-LIFTING. CONTROL of weight-lifting in industry has long been ,a vexed question for enforcement under existing powers. Instances have again and again been quoted by inspectors of juveniles struggling with burdens weighing more than themselves ; but a standard of what is reasonable, or rather not injurious, to lift has been hard to determine and harder still to present in evidence during prosecutions. The Home Office have, however, just issued draft regulations to apply to lifting heavy weights in the woollen and worsted textile industries. This draft is notable not merely as an effort to solve a difficult problem, but on account of the part played by the industries concerned. The standards adopted are those recommended to
Vejlefjord : " It was the custom at Vejlefjord Sanatorium for the physicians to circulate different magazines among themselves, and it was the rule that the one who first got a magazine was to underline anything of special interest. It fell to my lot to get the particular number of the Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift with Forlanini’s article in it, and I clearly remember how one evening I handed it over to Saugman. The next day when Saugman, as usual, joined the morning round at 7 o’clock he had been greatly impressed, and declared that now the question raised by Forlanini approached its solution."
From this date (1906) onwards Saugman contributed more than anybody else to the evolution of lung collapse treatment, and at the time of his death in February last as many as 616 had been selected for this treatment at Vejlefjord. Saugman soon found that the benefits of thoracoplastic operations were jeopardised when they were undertaken away from the hygienic influences of a sanatorium, and ultimately he decided to master the technique of chest surgery so that he could give his patients the combined benefit 1 Dale, H. H., and Dixon, W. E. : Jour. Physiol., 1909, of surgical and sanatorium treatment. As a student 25. he had had a penchant for surgery, but it was not till xxxix., 2 Barger, G., and Dale, H. H. : Jour. Physiol., 1910, xli., 19. after he had turned 50 that he took up surgery 3 Harvey, W. H. : Jour. Path., 1911, xvi., 95. seriously. But he became a very skilled surgeon, and 4 Clark, A.: Biochem. Jour., 1910, v., 236. 5 Ewins, A. J., and Laidlaw, P. P. : Jour. Physiol., 1910, 78. xli., 6 Oehme, C.: Arch. Exp. Path. u. Pharm., 1913, lxxii., 76.
1 Chr. Saugman, 1864-1923. Vejlefiord Sanatorium, 1900-1925. London : John Bale, Sons and Danielsson. Pp. 120. 7s. 6d.
these statistics are based, and while the facts are thus fully presented, Dr. Darner has refrained from drawing any deductions other than a brief note in which he summarises the prevailing conclusions. Dr. ’, Cullen himself admits that the question is by no means settled and he pleads for further reports as to the end-results in gall-bladder cases. A follow-up investigation of a large number of cases treated by cholecystectomy would form an interesting comparison with this exceedingly instructive paper.
LIVER EXTRACT IN HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. AN announcement
was
made at the recent annual
I
meeting of the Ontario Medical Society to the effect that injections of a liver extract will reduce the high blood pressure of arterial disease. As yet no complete account of this work has appeared in the -scientific literature, but it will be interesting to review the established scientific researches tending to support such an hypothesis. In the first place, If weight be any criterion of power the adult male it is a matter of common knowledge that extracts of tissues are practically always depressor in action. is worst off ; moreover, as he grows older he is more The effect, however, only lasts for a short time. prone to develop hernia from weight-lifting. For the The idea of associating the liver with chronic hyper- rest about half the body-weight seems to be the tension is by no means original. A group of investi- standard chosen if the weight to be lifted be rigid, gators, about 15 years ago, paid special attention but here the juveniles are not quite so well off, since to the pharmacological properties of amines, and to they may lift over half their weight. Probably what their destruction in the liver. It was found that is practicable, without undue interference with many of the amines derived from amino-acids were custom, has influenced the weights chosen, which strongly pressor in action. Thus isobutylamine, of course represent the maximum permissible to isoamylamine and p-hydroxy-phenyl-ethylamine are lift and not what must be lifted. This scale, when capable of raising the blood pressure on injection accepted, will have administrative value, and, if (Dale and Dixon,l Barger and Dale2). It had previously it finally hastens the introduction of mechanical been shown that these bodies could be produced weight-lifting appliances, it will do good. from amino-acids by the action of the intestinal bacteria. The pressor effects of such amines, together with their possible production in the intestines, IN MEMORY OF SAUGMAN. suggested a new cause for chronic hypertension. ON March lst, 1925, Vejlefjord Sanatorium celeThus Harvey3 produced chronic renal and vascular sclerosis by feeding rabbits with p-hydroxy-phenyl- brated its twenty-fifth anniversary, and the occasion ethylamine. Clark4 found that the oral administra- was marked by the publication of a collection of tion of this body raised the blood pressure in man. papers,I written by several of Prof. Saugman’s former In 1910 Ewins and Laidlaw5 demonstrated that these amines, when perfused through a surviving liver, were detoxicated, and were converted into the6 oxy fatty acid derivative. Oehme, corresponding in 1913, indirectly confirmed this work by proving that much larger doses of these bodies were required to kill an animal when injected into the portal vein than when the amine was administered by injection It would appear, into the systemic circulation. therefore, that the liver can detoxicate pressor bases, .and the results of the further investigation promised by the University of Toronto will be awaited with interest.
assistants. Half a score of these papers are of a scientific character, and they contribute not a little to the modern literature of tuberculosis. But the paper which will be read with the greatest interest by those who had the privilege of knowing Saugman is the " Appreciation," written by Dr. J. Ostenfeld, was Saugman’s chief assistant in the period who 1902-1907. Here is one of the intimate touches with which Dr. Ostenfeld introduces us to the inner life at
____
WEIGHT-LIFTING. CONTROL of weight-lifting in industry has long been ,a vexed question for enforcement under existing powers. Instances have again and again been quoted by inspectors of juveniles struggling with burdens weighing more than themselves ; but a standard of what is reasonable, or rather not injurious, to lift has been hard to determine and harder still to present in evidence during prosecutions. The Home Office have, however, just issued draft regulations to apply to lifting heavy weights in the woollen and worsted textile industries. This draft is notable not merely as an effort to solve a difficult problem, but on account of the part played by the industries concerned. The standards adopted are those recommended to
Vejlefjord : " It was the custom at Vejlefjord Sanatorium for the physicians to circulate different magazines among themselves, and it was the rule that the one who first got a magazine was to underline anything of special interest. It fell to my lot to get the particular number of the Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift with Forlanini’s article in it, and I clearly remember how one evening I handed it over to Saugman. The next day when Saugman, as usual, joined the morning round at 7 o’clock he had been greatly impressed, and declared that now the question raised by Forlanini approached its solution."
From this date (1906) onwards Saugman contributed more than anybody else to the evolution of lung collapse treatment, and at the time of his death in February last as many as 616 had been selected for this treatment at Vejlefjord. Saugman soon found that the benefits of thoracoplastic operations were jeopardised when they were undertaken away from the hygienic influences of a sanatorium, and ultimately he decided to master the technique of chest surgery so that he could give his patients the combined benefit 1 Dale, H. H., and Dixon, W. E. : Jour. Physiol., 1909, of surgical and sanatorium treatment. As a student 25. he had had a penchant for surgery, but it was not till xxxix., 2 Barger, G., and Dale, H. H. : Jour. Physiol., 1910, xli., 19. after he had turned 50 that he took up surgery 3 Harvey, W. H. : Jour. Path., 1911, xvi., 95. seriously. But he became a very skilled surgeon, and 4 Clark, A.: Biochem. Jour., 1910, v., 236. 5 Ewins, A. J., and Laidlaw, P. P. : Jour. Physiol., 1910, 78. xli., 6 Oehme, C.: Arch. Exp. Path. u. Pharm., 1913, lxxii., 76.
1 Chr. Saugman, 1864-1923. Vejlefiord Sanatorium, 1900-1925. London : John Bale, Sons and Danielsson. Pp. 120. 7s. 6d.