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August issue
Editorial
1
Filtration+Separation July/August 2014
Welcome to the July/August issue Filtration+Separation is covered in the Current Contents®/ Engineering, Computing & Technology (CC®/EC&T) online database and in the Research Alert® current awareness service. Subscriptions An annual subscription to Filtration+Separation includes 6 printed issues per year in January/February, March/April, May/June, July/August, September/October, November/December and costs: €478 for all European countries & Iran US$537 for all countries except Europe and Japan ¥63,700 for Japan (Prices valid until 31/12/14) Please send payment to: Filtration+Separation USA Postmaster send all USA address corrections to: Customers in Europe, Middle East and Africa: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington OX5 1GB United Kingdom Tel: (+44) (0)1865 843434 / Fax: (+44) (0)1865 843970 Email: [email protected] Customers in Asia and Australasia: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department 3 Killiney Road # 08-01 Winsland House 1 SINGAPORE 239519 Tel: (+65) 6349 0222 / Fax: (+65) 6733 1510 Email: [email protected] Customers in the United States & Canada: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department 3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Heights, MO 63043 USA Tel: (+1) 314 447 8878 / Toll: (+1) 877 839 7126 Fax: ( +1) 314 447 8077 Email: [email protected] Customers in Japan: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department Higashi Azabu Bldg. 4F 1-9-15 HigashiAzabu Minatu-Ku Tokyo 106-0044 JAPAN Tel: (+81) 3 55615037 Fax: (+81) 3 55615047 Email: JournalsCustomerServiceJapan@ elsevier.com Periodicals postage is paid at Rahway, NJ and additional mailing offices. Missing issues: Responsibility cannot be accepted by the Publishers after six months. The opinions expressed by individuals in this publication are not necessarily those of Elsevier Ltd, who shall not be held responsible for them. All trademarks acknowledged. ISSN 0015-1882/14 © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by Elsevier Ltd, and the following terms and conditions apply to their use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Science Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; Tel: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@ elsevier.com. You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier's homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting 'Obtaining Permissions'. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; Tel: (+1) (978) 7508400, fax: (+1) (978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; Tel: +44 (0)20 7631 5555; fax: +44 (0)20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations.
We begin the features in this issue of Filtration+Separation on page 24 with a look at nanotechnology in the filtration industry. Dr Andreas Kreimeyer discusses its potential as without it, many innovations in areas such as climate protection, automotive technology, energy, electronics, construction and medicine would not be possible. It is a technology that is still in its relative infancy and as to be expected there are legitimate questions still being raised as to its safety. In ‘Managing aluminum in membrane filtration’ on page 26 we turn our attention to membrane filtration. There is a growing amount of evidence that the simultaneous presence of aluminum cations at low concentration and silicate species has a detrimental and costly impact on RO membranes. Dr. Jean Jacques Lagref looks at the need to manage aluminum in membrane filtration processes for cost control by selectively sequestering dissolved aluminum traces with chelating agents using the highest antiscalant quality product. On page 30 our regular contributor Anthony Bennett discusses innovations in air filtration technologies for industrial applications. He looks at current issues and predicts future trends with industry experts Ina Parker at Ahlstrom, Cagri Tekmen at Elmarco, Mike Clark and Andrew Shepard at Hollingsworth & Vose and Tom Winsper, at Mann+Hummel Vokes Air. This issue of Filtration+Separation is due to be distributed at the WEFTEC show in New Orleans, USA, so we also include a selection of water-purifcation articles. On page 36, in ‘What could the latest bio-thermic technology do for waste treatment?’ we find out how new bio-thermic digester technology, which has been developed in the UK and is attracting international interest, could change how water utilities, municipal authorities and other industrial processes deal economically with organic waste, sewage sludge and anaerobic digestate. Ultraviolet filtration plays a vital part in HVAC applications, ‘Maintaining energy efficiency with UV’ discusses how Ultraviolet-C energy (UV-C) in HVAC equipment is applied in surface irradiation of cooling coils, drain pans, and other interior surfaces of air handler plenums. All this and more! Best regards
Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this journal, including any article or part of an article. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Global Rights Department, at the mail, fax and e-mail addresses noted above. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/ or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. Free circulation enquiries Caroline Champney Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxon, OX5 1GB, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Journal Number: 02127 Printed by: Headley Brothers Ltd, UK.
contact:
Filtration+Separation – our environmental policy We are committed to reducing our environmental impact wherever possible, by limiting resource use and efficiently employing sustainable materials and technologies. This magazine is printed on a type of paper known as Apollo Gloss, which is manufactured from ECF pulp (bleached without using elemental chlorine) produced from renewable forest resources. The cover is produced using a water-based laminate. For further information about our environmental policies, please visit www.reedelsevier.com.
ELSEVIER LTD PO Box 150, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1AS, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973.
Contributing Editor Mark Holmes Tel: +44 (0)1865 843441 E-mail: [email protected] Managing Editor Alan Burrows Tel: +44 (0)1865 843686 E-mail: [email protected] Content Development Editor Amanda Jacob Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843638 Analyst Roisin Reidy Tel: +44 (0)1865 843695 E-mail: [email protected]
Advertising Benelux Rodric Leerling, Sales Director Tel: +31 229 841882 Fax: +31 847 488240 E-mail: [email protected] Europe (excluding Germany, Switzerland, and Austria) and Rest of World Rachel Di Santo, Account Manager Tel: +44 (0)1932 564999 E-mail: [email protected]
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www.filtsep.com
Germany, Switzerland and Austria Christian Hölscher, Sales Director Tel: +49 (0)89 95002778 E-mail: [email protected] U.S. Michael Mitchell Tel: +1 631 673 0072 E-mail: [email protected] Charlotte Alexandra Tel: +1 631 673 0072 E-mail: [email protected]
Advertising copy Tel: +44 (0)1865 843819 E-mail: [email protected] Publisher David Hopwood Tel: +44 (0)1865 843648 Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973 Production Production support manager: Lin Lucas
1
Filtration+Separation July/August 2014
Welcome to the July/August issue Filtration+Separation is covered in the Current Contents®/ Engineering, Computing & Technology (CC®/EC&T) online database and in the Research Alert® current awareness service. Subscriptions An annual subscription to Filtration+Separation includes 6 printed issues per year in January/February, March/April, May/June, July/August, September/October, November/December and costs: €478 for all European countries & Iran US$537 for all countries except Europe and Japan ¥63,700 for Japan (Prices valid until 31/12/14) Please send payment to: Filtration+Separation USA Postmaster send all USA address corrections to: Customers in Europe, Middle East and Africa: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington OX5 1GB United Kingdom Tel: (+44) (0)1865 843434 / Fax: (+44) (0)1865 843970 Email: [email protected] Customers in Asia and Australasia: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department 3 Killiney Road # 08-01 Winsland House 1 SINGAPORE 239519 Tel: (+65) 6349 0222 / Fax: (+65) 6733 1510 Email: [email protected] Customers in the United States & Canada: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department 3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Heights, MO 63043 USA Tel: (+1) 314 447 8878 / Toll: (+1) 877 839 7126 Fax: ( +1) 314 447 8077 Email: [email protected] Customers in Japan: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department Higashi Azabu Bldg. 4F 1-9-15 HigashiAzabu Minatu-Ku Tokyo 106-0044 JAPAN Tel: (+81) 3 55615037 Fax: (+81) 3 55615047 Email: JournalsCustomerServiceJapan@ elsevier.com Periodicals postage is paid at Rahway, NJ and additional mailing offices. Missing issues: Responsibility cannot be accepted by the Publishers after six months. The opinions expressed by individuals in this publication are not necessarily those of Elsevier Ltd, who shall not be held responsible for them. All trademarks acknowledged. ISSN 0015-1882/14 © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by Elsevier Ltd, and the following terms and conditions apply to their use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Science Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; Tel: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@ elsevier.com. You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier's homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting 'Obtaining Permissions'. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; Tel: (+1) (978) 7508400, fax: (+1) (978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; Tel: +44 (0)20 7631 5555; fax: +44 (0)20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations.
We begin the features in this issue of Filtration+Separation on page 24 with a look at nanotechnology in the filtration industry. Dr Andreas Kreimeyer discusses its potential as without it, many innovations in areas such as climate protection, automotive technology, energy, electronics, construction and medicine would not be possible. It is a technology that is still in its relative infancy and as to be expected there are legitimate questions still being raised as to its safety. In ‘Managing aluminum in membrane filtration’ on page 26 we turn our attention to membrane filtration. There is a growing amount of evidence that the simultaneous presence of aluminum cations at low concentration and silicate species has a detrimental and costly impact on RO membranes. Dr. Jean Jacques Lagref looks at the need to manage aluminum in membrane filtration processes for cost control by selectively sequestering dissolved aluminum traces with chelating agents using the highest antiscalant quality product. On page 30 our regular contributor Anthony Bennett discusses innovations in air filtration technologies for industrial applications. He looks at current issues and predicts future trends with industry experts Ina Parker at Ahlstrom, Cagri Tekmen at Elmarco, Mike Clark and Andrew Shepard at Hollingsworth & Vose and Tom Winsper, at Mann+Hummel Vokes Air. This issue of Filtration+Separation is due to be distributed at the WEFTEC show in New Orleans, USA, so we also include a selection of water-purifcation articles. On page 36, in ‘What could the latest bio-thermic technology do for waste treatment?’ we find out how new bio-thermic digester technology, which has been developed in the UK and is attracting international interest, could change how water utilities, municipal authorities and other industrial processes deal economically with organic waste, sewage sludge and anaerobic digestate. Ultraviolet filtration plays a vital part in HVAC applications, ‘Maintaining energy efficiency with UV’ discusses how Ultraviolet-C energy (UV-C) in HVAC equipment is applied in surface irradiation of cooling coils, drain pans, and other interior surfaces of air handler plenums. All this and more! Best regards
Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this journal, including any article or part of an article. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Global Rights Department, at the mail, fax and e-mail addresses noted above. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/ or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. Free circulation enquiries Caroline Champney Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxon, OX5 1GB, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Journal Number: 02127 Printed by: Headley Brothers Ltd, UK.
contact:
Filtration+Separation – our environmental policy We are committed to reducing our environmental impact wherever possible, by limiting resource use and efficiently employing sustainable materials and technologies. This magazine is printed on a type of paper known as Apollo Gloss, which is manufactured from ECF pulp (bleached without using elemental chlorine) produced from renewable forest resources. The cover is produced using a water-based laminate. For further information about our environmental policies, please visit www.reedelsevier.com.
ELSEVIER LTD PO Box 150, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1AS, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973.
Contributing Editor Mark Holmes Tel: +44 (0)1865 843441 E-mail: [email protected] Managing Editor Alan Burrows Tel: +44 (0)1865 843686 E-mail: [email protected] Content Development Editor Amanda Jacob Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843638 Analyst Roisin Reidy Tel: +44 (0)1865 843695 E-mail: [email protected]
Advertising Benelux Rodric Leerling, Sales Director Tel: +31 229 841882 Fax: +31 847 488240 E-mail: [email protected] Europe (excluding Germany, Switzerland, and Austria) and Rest of World Rachel Di Santo, Account Manager Tel: +44 (0)1932 564999 E-mail: [email protected]
Facebook LinkedIn Twitter Google+
www.filtsep.com
Germany, Switzerland and Austria Christian Hölscher, Sales Director Tel: +49 (0)89 95002778 E-mail: [email protected] U.S. Michael Mitchell Tel: +1 631 673 0072 E-mail: [email protected] Charlotte Alexandra Tel: +1 631 673 0072 E-mail: [email protected]
Advertising copy Tel: +44 (0)1865 843819 E-mail: [email protected] Publisher David Hopwood Tel: +44 (0)1865 843648 Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973 Production Production support manager: Lin Lucas