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West European politics
Guide to Journal Articles
387
Howard Machin and Vincent Wright, 'Why Mitterrand Won: The French Presidential Elections of April-May 1981', West European Politics, 5: 1, January 1982, pp. 5-35. The authors stress that Mitterrand's victory was the result of both long-term social and political trends and short-term factors such as the impact of the economic 'conjuncture' and the campaign. Howard Machin, 'The "Third Ballot" of 1981: The French Legislative Elections of 14 and 21 June', West European Politics, 5: 1, January 1982, pp. 94-97. A brief analysis of the French legislative elections of 1981. President Mitterrand faces enormous economic difficulties and desires for change and reform rather than parliamentary problems. Andrew MacMullen, 'The Belgian Election of November 1981: Economic Polarisation in a Multi-Party System', Parliamentary Affairs, 35: 2, Spring 1982, pp. 193 200. The election held on 8 November 1981 in Belgium was the first to be held since the lowering of the voting age to 18 and the results demonstrate unusual electoral volatility and polarization on economic issues. However, the voters did not deliver an unambiguous verdict on crucial issues. The economic policies of the subsequently formed coalition will place great political strains on the participating parties. Peter Mair, 'Muffling the Swing: STV and the Irish General Election of 1981', West European Politics, 5: 1, January 1982, pp. 75-90. The most important factor in the proportionality of the STV electoral system in Ireland is the number of seats allocated to each constituency. The election of 1981 saw a swing against Fianna Fail but since it occurred in regions with a larger number of 4-seat constituencies, it was not reflected in a major loss of seats by that party. Ferdinand Miiller-Rommel, 'Ecology Parties in Western Europe', West European Politics, 5: 1, January 1982, pp. 68-74. This article sets out a basis for classification of the various types of ecology party in Western Europe, according to their origins, level of governmental representation and direction of protest. The future of ecology parties depends on the electoral system, the nature of party competition, the salience of environmental issues and the responsiveness of established parties towards environmental questions. Hans Jorgen Nielsen, 'Electoral Politics and the Corporate System: The Question of Support', Scandinavian Political Studies, 5: 1, 1982, pp. 43-65. This paper deals with the importance of interest organizations at the mass level by comparing the sympathies of citizens for parties and interest organizations. The conclusion is that interest organizations have hardly replaced parties at the mass level as main objects of affection and orientation. Benjamin I. Page and Robert Y. Shapiro, 'Changes in Americans' Policy Preferences, 1935-1979', Public Opinion Quarterly, 46: 1, Spring 1982, pp. 24-42. How have the policy preferences of Americans changed over the last four or five decades? What substantive changes have there been? Has there been gradual movements, sharp breaks, fluctuations or general stability? 613 policy questions dealing with all types of policy are examined using data from the National Opinion Research Center (NORC), Gallup and the Survey Research Center, University of Michigan. James L. Payne, 'Career Intentions and Electoral Performance of Members of the US House', Legislative Studies Quarterly, 7: 1, February 1982, pp. 93-99. An examination of the electoral performance of retiring House members shows that those
387
Howard Machin and Vincent Wright, 'Why Mitterrand Won: The French Presidential Elections of April-May 1981', West European Politics, 5: 1, January 1982, pp. 5-35. The authors stress that Mitterrand's victory was the result of both long-term social and political trends and short-term factors such as the impact of the economic 'conjuncture' and the campaign. Howard Machin, 'The "Third Ballot" of 1981: The French Legislative Elections of 14 and 21 June', West European Politics, 5: 1, January 1982, pp. 94-97. A brief analysis of the French legislative elections of 1981. President Mitterrand faces enormous economic difficulties and desires for change and reform rather than parliamentary problems. Andrew MacMullen, 'The Belgian Election of November 1981: Economic Polarisation in a Multi-Party System', Parliamentary Affairs, 35: 2, Spring 1982, pp. 193 200. The election held on 8 November 1981 in Belgium was the first to be held since the lowering of the voting age to 18 and the results demonstrate unusual electoral volatility and polarization on economic issues. However, the voters did not deliver an unambiguous verdict on crucial issues. The economic policies of the subsequently formed coalition will place great political strains on the participating parties. Peter Mair, 'Muffling the Swing: STV and the Irish General Election of 1981', West European Politics, 5: 1, January 1982, pp. 75-90. The most important factor in the proportionality of the STV electoral system in Ireland is the number of seats allocated to each constituency. The election of 1981 saw a swing against Fianna Fail but since it occurred in regions with a larger number of 4-seat constituencies, it was not reflected in a major loss of seats by that party. Ferdinand Miiller-Rommel, 'Ecology Parties in Western Europe', West European Politics, 5: 1, January 1982, pp. 68-74. This article sets out a basis for classification of the various types of ecology party in Western Europe, according to their origins, level of governmental representation and direction of protest. The future of ecology parties depends on the electoral system, the nature of party competition, the salience of environmental issues and the responsiveness of established parties towards environmental questions. Hans Jorgen Nielsen, 'Electoral Politics and the Corporate System: The Question of Support', Scandinavian Political Studies, 5: 1, 1982, pp. 43-65. This paper deals with the importance of interest organizations at the mass level by comparing the sympathies of citizens for parties and interest organizations. The conclusion is that interest organizations have hardly replaced parties at the mass level as main objects of affection and orientation. Benjamin I. Page and Robert Y. Shapiro, 'Changes in Americans' Policy Preferences, 1935-1979', Public Opinion Quarterly, 46: 1, Spring 1982, pp. 24-42. How have the policy preferences of Americans changed over the last four or five decades? What substantive changes have there been? Has there been gradual movements, sharp breaks, fluctuations or general stability? 613 policy questions dealing with all types of policy are examined using data from the National Opinion Research Center (NORC), Gallup and the Survey Research Center, University of Michigan. James L. Payne, 'Career Intentions and Electoral Performance of Members of the US House', Legislative Studies Quarterly, 7: 1, February 1982, pp. 93-99. An examination of the electoral performance of retiring House members shows that those