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WHAT IS WHISKY ?
VACCINATION IN CHINA.-WHAT IS WHISKY?
466
congested and covered with a greyish-green Dudgeon, that the Chinese have taken so kindly to vaccinagelatinous coating. The kidneys showed acute nephritis, tion. When the great oriental peoples have become fully the epithelium being in a state of granular and granulo- protected, there may be some hope of exterminating this fatty degeneration. It is noteworthy that the doses dreadful scourge [of small-pox]. Except for this beneficent of mercury administered were not large and that the discovery no European community could hold India or live in toxic symptoms appeared some time after the adminis- China." tration. Some years ago Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson quoted WHAT IS WHISKY ? cases similar to that related above and deprecated the use of mercurial injections in the treatment of syphilis. AT North London police court last Monday the evidence He pointed out that the advantage of the method for the defence was concluded and the magistrate, Mr. consisted in placing in the patient’s tissues a more or less Fordham, marked the summonses as adjourned for 14 days lasting supply of mercury but that this constituted at to enable him to give his decision. He thought that the the same time a danger. For if salivation be caused case was of considerable public importance and before by mercury given by the mouth prompt stoppage of making up his mind on the question at issue he should read the drug will usually prevent ill consequences. Not so, if carefully through the whole of the evidence. The case has a quantity of an insoluble preparation of mercury be injected thus occupied the court on 12 occasions. Dr. F. W. Tunnicliffe in order that it may be gradually absorbed. Then only was the last important witness called on behalf of the excision of the part can prevent its continuous absorption. defence and he stated that the characteristic of whisky At the following meeting of the Société Medicale des which gives its food value was alcohol in a palatable and Hôpitaux M. Sicard reported a case in which this had to be pleasant form. He knew of no special value of pot-still as done. A young man was given weekly an injection of " grey against patent-still whisky or any difference between them as oil" containing the regular dose of from eight to ten centiregards their effects. It was merely a question, he thought, of grammes of metallic mercury. Three days after the fourth favour, some patients exhibiting a preference for a full injection severe toxic symptoms-stomatitis, albuminuria, and others for a mild flavour. Asked why he did not give nausea, and enteritis-rapidly appeared. At the site of the rectified spirit as a drug he answered because it was not injections in the left buttock was a large swelling. Radio- alcohol in a palatable form. Mr. John McNab, jun., repregraphy showed the presence of metallic mercury. The senting a firm of distillers in Edinburgh, said that for 51 swelling was excised and was found to contain lardaceous years his firm had made all-malt whisky from a patent still. material in which were the remains of the mercury. The Another distiller said that he supplied both grain and malt symptoms diminished and recovery followed. whisky, the former being invoiced as grain aqua and the The colon
"
was
"
____
,.
malt aqua. Mr. Fordham’s decision will be delivered Monday, Feb. 26th.
latter
VACCINATION
IN
on
CHINA.
-
li
THE past year, 1905, was the centenary of the introduction of vaccination into China. In 1805 a Mr. Alexander Pearson, East India surgeon in the Honourable Company’s service, wrote a small treatise on vaccination which ’, translated into Chinese by that profound oriental was scholar, Sir George Thomas Staunton. The translation as circulated in China was a thin volume covered with the customary yellow paper and entitled English recently issued Vaccination Rare-Book." "Rare-book"in this case means valuable or important book. On the back page of the work, which is really the title-page, there is a cut representing a human arm with a largish circle above the elbow to indicate the position of the vaccination mark. On the left of the arm a smudge, done in Indian ink, represents a pustule and near the foot of the page is a lancet, the blade and handle of which are covered with Chinese characters. Staunton’s translation of Pearson’s book was published in Canton, where in 1817 a native tract on the subject appeared and was republished in Peking in 1828. In this native tract part of Staunton’s translation was incorporated. " The discovery of vaccination,"says Dr. J. Dudgeon in his Report on the Health of Peking " (1871) ’’ is ascribed [in this tract] to a Western barbarian doctor named Chan-na (Jenner), and the story of its having been brought by a ship from Manila to Macao, which had children on board for the purpose of keeping up the supply of lymph, is related. The terms English and England are studiously avoided. When in 1828 vaccination was introduced into the north of China [by the Prefect Tseng], it was proposed to have a relay of boys on the road from Canton to be vaccinated every eight days ; but this plan was abandoned, and crusts were sent, which succeeded. In 1871 there were several vaccine establishments in Peking." Although vaccination is mixed up in the books and practice of the Chinese with much that is absurd and superstitious, yet the fact remains that it has effected a revolution in the health of China. " How fortunate it is," exclaims Dr. 1
Archives of
Surgery January,
1899.
as
TREATMENT
OF
SPLENIC ANÆMIA X RAYS.
WITH
THE
A CONSIDERABLE number of cases has now been recorded in which great benefit was obtained from the use of the x rays in leukasmia and it might be expected that in other blood diseases they would also prove beneficial. In Clinical St1làies for October, 1905, Dr. Byrom Bramwell has reported in which great improvement a case of splenic anasmia x rays. due to the A man, aged 27 to be appeared was into on admitted hospital May 21st, 1905. He years, had good health until March 15th, 1902, when he was seized with acute pain in the left side of the abdomen and vomited bright red blood. The hasmatemesis continued for 18 hours. After this he had never felt strong and had been sallow. He worked on and off until March, 1904, when he had another severe attack of hasmatemesis. On admission he The skin was of a bright orange colour. was very sallow. The lips and conjunctivas were very pale. The spleen extended three inches below the ribs. A few small lymphatic glands were felt in the axillas and neck. The liver seemed small. Loud blowing murmurs were heard over the heart in all the areas and there was a venous hum in the neck. The urine was pale and contained a trace of albumin. He complained of pain in the stomach which increased after meals. The red corpuscles numbered 4,000,000 and the white 3800 per cubic millimetre and the hasmoglobin amounted to 48 per cent. The red corpuscles were very pale and showed slight poikilocytosis. The differential count of the leucocytes was practically normal. Thus the character of the blood excluded pernicious ansemia and leukasmia. On May 30th 53 ounces of blood were vomited and for several days blood was vomited in small quantities. On June 5th the red corpuscles had fallen to 2,440,000 and the hasmcglobin to 20 per cent. Slow improvement took place under iron and rest in bed. On the 22nd the daily application of the x rays was begun and rapid improvement occurred. On the 26th the yellow colour of the skin was much diminished
466
congested and covered with a greyish-green Dudgeon, that the Chinese have taken so kindly to vaccinagelatinous coating. The kidneys showed acute nephritis, tion. When the great oriental peoples have become fully the epithelium being in a state of granular and granulo- protected, there may be some hope of exterminating this fatty degeneration. It is noteworthy that the doses dreadful scourge [of small-pox]. Except for this beneficent of mercury administered were not large and that the discovery no European community could hold India or live in toxic symptoms appeared some time after the adminis- China." tration. Some years ago Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson quoted WHAT IS WHISKY ? cases similar to that related above and deprecated the use of mercurial injections in the treatment of syphilis. AT North London police court last Monday the evidence He pointed out that the advantage of the method for the defence was concluded and the magistrate, Mr. consisted in placing in the patient’s tissues a more or less Fordham, marked the summonses as adjourned for 14 days lasting supply of mercury but that this constituted at to enable him to give his decision. He thought that the the same time a danger. For if salivation be caused case was of considerable public importance and before by mercury given by the mouth prompt stoppage of making up his mind on the question at issue he should read the drug will usually prevent ill consequences. Not so, if carefully through the whole of the evidence. The case has a quantity of an insoluble preparation of mercury be injected thus occupied the court on 12 occasions. Dr. F. W. Tunnicliffe in order that it may be gradually absorbed. Then only was the last important witness called on behalf of the excision of the part can prevent its continuous absorption. defence and he stated that the characteristic of whisky At the following meeting of the Société Medicale des which gives its food value was alcohol in a palatable and Hôpitaux M. Sicard reported a case in which this had to be pleasant form. He knew of no special value of pot-still as done. A young man was given weekly an injection of " grey against patent-still whisky or any difference between them as oil" containing the regular dose of from eight to ten centiregards their effects. It was merely a question, he thought, of grammes of metallic mercury. Three days after the fourth favour, some patients exhibiting a preference for a full injection severe toxic symptoms-stomatitis, albuminuria, and others for a mild flavour. Asked why he did not give nausea, and enteritis-rapidly appeared. At the site of the rectified spirit as a drug he answered because it was not injections in the left buttock was a large swelling. Radio- alcohol in a palatable form. Mr. John McNab, jun., repregraphy showed the presence of metallic mercury. The senting a firm of distillers in Edinburgh, said that for 51 swelling was excised and was found to contain lardaceous years his firm had made all-malt whisky from a patent still. material in which were the remains of the mercury. The Another distiller said that he supplied both grain and malt symptoms diminished and recovery followed. whisky, the former being invoiced as grain aqua and the The colon
"
was
"
____
,.
malt aqua. Mr. Fordham’s decision will be delivered Monday, Feb. 26th.
latter
VACCINATION
IN
on
CHINA.
-
li
THE past year, 1905, was the centenary of the introduction of vaccination into China. In 1805 a Mr. Alexander Pearson, East India surgeon in the Honourable Company’s service, wrote a small treatise on vaccination which ’, translated into Chinese by that profound oriental was scholar, Sir George Thomas Staunton. The translation as circulated in China was a thin volume covered with the customary yellow paper and entitled English recently issued Vaccination Rare-Book." "Rare-book"in this case means valuable or important book. On the back page of the work, which is really the title-page, there is a cut representing a human arm with a largish circle above the elbow to indicate the position of the vaccination mark. On the left of the arm a smudge, done in Indian ink, represents a pustule and near the foot of the page is a lancet, the blade and handle of which are covered with Chinese characters. Staunton’s translation of Pearson’s book was published in Canton, where in 1817 a native tract on the subject appeared and was republished in Peking in 1828. In this native tract part of Staunton’s translation was incorporated. " The discovery of vaccination,"says Dr. J. Dudgeon in his Report on the Health of Peking " (1871) ’’ is ascribed [in this tract] to a Western barbarian doctor named Chan-na (Jenner), and the story of its having been brought by a ship from Manila to Macao, which had children on board for the purpose of keeping up the supply of lymph, is related. The terms English and England are studiously avoided. When in 1828 vaccination was introduced into the north of China [by the Prefect Tseng], it was proposed to have a relay of boys on the road from Canton to be vaccinated every eight days ; but this plan was abandoned, and crusts were sent, which succeeded. In 1871 there were several vaccine establishments in Peking." Although vaccination is mixed up in the books and practice of the Chinese with much that is absurd and superstitious, yet the fact remains that it has effected a revolution in the health of China. " How fortunate it is," exclaims Dr. 1
Archives of
Surgery January,
1899.
as
TREATMENT
OF
SPLENIC ANÆMIA X RAYS.
WITH
THE
A CONSIDERABLE number of cases has now been recorded in which great benefit was obtained from the use of the x rays in leukasmia and it might be expected that in other blood diseases they would also prove beneficial. In Clinical St1làies for October, 1905, Dr. Byrom Bramwell has reported in which great improvement a case of splenic anasmia x rays. due to the A man, aged 27 to be appeared was into on admitted hospital May 21st, 1905. He years, had good health until March 15th, 1902, when he was seized with acute pain in the left side of the abdomen and vomited bright red blood. The hasmatemesis continued for 18 hours. After this he had never felt strong and had been sallow. He worked on and off until March, 1904, when he had another severe attack of hasmatemesis. On admission he The skin was of a bright orange colour. was very sallow. The lips and conjunctivas were very pale. The spleen extended three inches below the ribs. A few small lymphatic glands were felt in the axillas and neck. The liver seemed small. Loud blowing murmurs were heard over the heart in all the areas and there was a venous hum in the neck. The urine was pale and contained a trace of albumin. He complained of pain in the stomach which increased after meals. The red corpuscles numbered 4,000,000 and the white 3800 per cubic millimetre and the hasmoglobin amounted to 48 per cent. The red corpuscles were very pale and showed slight poikilocytosis. The differential count of the leucocytes was practically normal. Thus the character of the blood excluded pernicious ansemia and leukasmia. On May 30th 53 ounces of blood were vomited and for several days blood was vomited in small quantities. On June 5th the red corpuscles had fallen to 2,440,000 and the hasmcglobin to 20 per cent. Slow improvement took place under iron and rest in bed. On the 22nd the daily application of the x rays was begun and rapid improvement occurred. On the 26th the yellow colour of the skin was much diminished