- Email: [email protected]
Wildlife broadcasts, via satellite
Envft anrnental Policy and Iaw,. 8 11982) mis 7 - est l'un des signe.,sa'une moin-
fire resistance de l'actuet gouveaa~ement sur los questions ~'ansfrormdi~res, L'artiele 65 de ta loi de deeentrzoisation le confirme. On
121
pout done supposer quo In ratification de la Convention-cadre europ~enne sur la eoop~rat;on transfrontali~re du Consell de l'Europe, qui solon los drelarations dn Mhaisu-e fl'an<;aisdes Affaires
EtrangO,res dewar 6tre proehainement acquise ,s complbtera I'~dification des mo.~/~os 6'une coopdration transfrontali~re "6elle, dont la voie vient d~tre omefte de fa~o~- d~cisive. ~A
USA Wildlife Broadcasts, via Satel[ile h is very difficult "in the wild" to enfor ¢e or judge the results of regulafion,~ ,nade. h is therefore often necessou to accept tt~e help of modern techrology to obtain the results of such egl~;arions.
A loggerhead turtle swims a solitary southwest ,:nurse in the Gulf of Me:dee. Although out of s~ght of any pea=on, her path is being carefully ch~ ~d. A poku" bear crosses a 'r,st Arctic exp.mse in scarab of a smt'ahle den. Her, is the only shadow
Center (DWRC) tailor transmitting devices for dozens of species, depending on size. life sty:e, habitat, and the type of information needed, Radio telemetry came of age wi~h the development of transistors in the 1960's and integrated circuitry in the 1970"s, providing small parts and mcreased reliability so that electromc tracking became practical. DWRC, a major research station of the U.S. F,sh and Wildlife Service, is a pioneer in this apza and works with other Federal, State, and private research teams to expand telemetry's capabilities. Federally protected species like the loggerhead turtle and the polar bear are often subjects for telemetry studies. These studies yield data on such topics as seasonal movements which are invaluable to sciemists who must make recommendations that are used to manage popula':ions. Service researchers use ~rznsmitters on endangered Florida manatees that congrerate aroand w~:rnlwater springs in the vinter to see where these elusive, the,wise sotita~' creatures go when spring arrives. 'flal?.niligters has= also been used to study movements of the endangered shortno~e sturgeon in the Ahamaha River in Georgia. Service fishery rcsea:tvhers have even developed tiny tran'mvtte s that are ingested by salmon, The ~est Itmg information is being used to hel . ,estore depte~ed salmon runs on "tmfl coasts As the number of species under study for vmuas mrposes has in-
cre.,;ed, the tciemetry experts have refi ~ed their toots. Self-adjusting radio col,J~rs have been developed which cx~l~nd since young antclope, elk. de,", sheep, and small mammals may mtl-z than doable their size in a seasin. This ha,, r:lieved concern about an:raals v. hich could outgrow their ¢c,:lars and choke before they could be reL~:ptured and fitted with larger equipm, ~t. It alse faakes instrumentation a ~3~>time task. Each new projett presents a new p;~'zle to the DWRC electromc~ specialists. An ammai amst acc%~t , n ar]ticial attachment ~:lthoar chd.nging it~ beha~ iour pattern for infom~a~ionto ba user, q, and weight is a cntical factor. The general rule ,.~ not to exceed 5 percent el a mammal's or 3 percent of a bird's weight m desigmng a custom transmitter. Even with miniature transistors, tmx batteAes, ~nd lightweight antenna '~'~res. 't • 'mains, challenge to budd a - , that allows small spcc~,. feed, mate, and rea~ . .. interference. Avian aerodynamics cm for 1L':,thera,eight instruments which alust be a~tached so that a bird's balance is not upset. Transmitters clipped to Jail feathers am common, altho~gh leg attachments enable small birds to carry heavier equipment, and ',lay eventually be used for most sprawl. Some transmitters r~o~' in use are equipp,.d ~ t h solar cells to recharge small ballcncs, thus lengthening .h,~lr lite
0378.777X/8210000-.0000/$02.]5 z.c 1,qg2 N o r t h - H o l l a n a
Enviro~rnenta/ Po!icy and Law, 8 (19821
1.~2 Beyond their laboratory, which p~'~cesses about 506 trm.'smitters a year In: various studi,~s, the DWRC elecIzt,aics experts hope :o see commercial '[';rris d~;vdnp fully autoroated track.rig .y~tcms that can be adapted for wild?if: rese.,ch, However, the Servic¢'s teh-metry pioneers are less concerned
with space-age showmanship than simple invention, such as applying glue to .~eeure molting tail feathers carrying clipped-on transmitt~r,~ and experimenting to see whether the G~tring of a guitar or dental wire makes better antenna material, Grizzly bears, condors, falcons,
The Rundown vf
l /
and dozene of o[her species ha ee been sueeessf'.flly f~wed with transmitters. Each study brings needed imom~0don w scientists who constantly ~vorl¢ tt, improve techniques for manag!ng spe. cles, whether they are threatened by humans, or humans ate threatened by them. L~
EPA
\
For tile statemert by Russell Train. the formzr adminis rator of the Environmental P~tectioo Agency, see page 128. []
LOS Courtesy: Wan Staioot
For the Fact Sheet on U'~ f~olicy and for the President's Staten,enl, see page 127.
INTERVIEW
Interview with Beate Weber * [!~L: I-lave you no,ted any changes ill the welk ef your Committee sinre th: clect~on~ to the Euro,~an Parlianl ~nt? ~;e~te VCeher: 1 car,'t avswer for the "" ~'~ 'e I wa; el~=ted to the ?~zliament in 1979 but [ know the
volume o ~. work has increased considerably. 1 have the impression that even tile members o r the Commission now feel the pressure of the Euro~an people behind them and the commit~ees of the European Parliament are much, much stronger than before.
• Memter, E~ropeaa p,~tha~nent: Vicet'bt irman of the:Cornraittee on Eaeironrnenlal [ l,~'~-eti~ii,pttblicHealthmadCons,~lnerAffatrs ; See Envlr~nr~teritalPoli:y arid L~,w8 t? ) 19~2 page 7~
EPL: What are the ~riorities of your Comm!t:ee? Be.ate Weber: It is the Committee on Eq~ironmental P~teetion, Public Health and Consumer Protection and
'3378-777X/B2.,'000f~0000/$02.75 © 1982 North-Holland
at the moment we ,ire 'he corzwaittee wi~h the most wofl: in the Ec,x~pean Parliament. That means thaz ~hc European Community it becumir, much more involved now i 1 the envt -,1 tat field, For itlstanL!¢,, at pre,,,cm • w'e &:'~lh 3 with 2 ~. ~fimctives. so. called 'Et ropean L,s,~ % "It,," Committee with Me secon ~1t argest , ~mber of directives under ~'o!lside~taon, ts the Agricultural Con ~atee w;. , tet, directives. I think tha t~ubl~c o?;,nion did not realize up to t~.w ho,~ t m p o f
fire resistance de l'actuet gouveaa~ement sur los questions ~'ansfrormdi~res, L'artiele 65 de ta loi de deeentrzoisation le confirme. On
121
pout done supposer quo In ratification de la Convention-cadre europ~enne sur la eoop~rat;on transfrontali~re du Consell de l'Europe, qui solon los drelarations dn Mhaisu-e fl'an<;aisdes Affaires
EtrangO,res dewar 6tre proehainement acquise ,s complbtera I'~dification des mo.~/~os 6'une coopdration transfrontali~re "6elle, dont la voie vient d~tre omefte de fa~o~- d~cisive. ~A
USA Wildlife Broadcasts, via Satel[ile h is very difficult "in the wild" to enfor ¢e or judge the results of regulafion,~ ,nade. h is therefore often necessou to accept tt~e help of modern techrology to obtain the results of such egl~;arions.
A loggerhead turtle swims a solitary southwest ,:nurse in the Gulf of Me:dee. Although out of s~ght of any pea=on, her path is being carefully ch~ ~d. A poku" bear crosses a 'r,st Arctic exp.mse in scarab of a smt'ahle den. Her, is the only shadow
Center (DWRC) tailor transmitting devices for dozens of species, depending on size. life sty:e, habitat, and the type of information needed, Radio telemetry came of age wi~h the development of transistors in the 1960's and integrated circuitry in the 1970"s, providing small parts and mcreased reliability so that electromc tracking became practical. DWRC, a major research station of the U.S. F,sh and Wildlife Service, is a pioneer in this apza and works with other Federal, State, and private research teams to expand telemetry's capabilities. Federally protected species like the loggerhead turtle and the polar bear are often subjects for telemetry studies. These studies yield data on such topics as seasonal movements which are invaluable to sciemists who must make recommendations that are used to manage popula':ions. Service researchers use ~rznsmitters on endangered Florida manatees that congrerate aroand w~:rnlwater springs in the vinter to see where these elusive, the,wise sotita~' creatures go when spring arrives. 'flal?.niligters has= also been used to study movements of the endangered shortno~e sturgeon in the Ahamaha River in Georgia. Service fishery rcsea:tvhers have even developed tiny tran'mvtte s that are ingested by salmon, The ~est Itmg information is being used to hel . ,estore depte~ed salmon runs on "tmfl coasts As the number of species under study for vmuas mrposes has in-
cre.,;ed, the tciemetry experts have refi ~ed their toots. Self-adjusting radio col,J~rs have been developed which cx~l~nd since young antclope, elk. de,", sheep, and small mammals may mtl-z than doable their size in a seasin. This ha,, r:lieved concern about an:raals v. hich could outgrow their ¢c,:lars and choke before they could be reL~:ptured and fitted with larger equipm, ~t. It alse faakes instrumentation a ~3~>time task. Each new projett presents a new p;~'zle to the DWRC electromc~ specialists. An ammai amst acc%~t , n ar]ticial attachment ~:lthoar chd.nging it~ beha~ iour pattern for infom~a~ionto ba user, q, and weight is a cntical factor. The general rule ,.~ not to exceed 5 percent el a mammal's or 3 percent of a bird's weight m desigmng a custom transmitter. Even with miniature transistors, tmx batteAes, ~nd lightweight antenna '~'~res. 't • 'mains, challenge to budd a - , that allows small spcc~,. feed, mate, and rea~ . .. interference. Avian aerodynamics cm for 1L':,thera,eight instruments which alust be a~tached so that a bird's balance is not upset. Transmitters clipped to Jail feathers am common, altho~gh leg attachments enable small birds to carry heavier equipment, and ',lay eventually be used for most sprawl. Some transmitters r~o~' in use are equipp,.d ~ t h solar cells to recharge small ballcncs, thus lengthening .h,~lr lite
0378.777X/8210000-.0000/$02.]5 z.c 1,qg2 N o r t h - H o l l a n a
Enviro~rnenta/ Po!icy and Law, 8 (19821
1.~2 Beyond their laboratory, which p~'~cesses about 506 trm.'smitters a year In: various studi,~s, the DWRC elecIzt,aics experts hope :o see commercial '[';rris d~;vdnp fully autoroated track.rig .y~tcms that can be adapted for wild?if: rese.,ch, However, the Servic¢'s teh-metry pioneers are less concerned
with space-age showmanship than simple invention, such as applying glue to .~eeure molting tail feathers carrying clipped-on transmitt~r,~ and experimenting to see whether the G~tring of a guitar or dental wire makes better antenna material, Grizzly bears, condors, falcons,
The Rundown vf
l /
and dozene of o[her species ha ee been sueeessf'.flly f~wed with transmitters. Each study brings needed imom~0don w scientists who constantly ~vorl¢ tt, improve techniques for manag!ng spe. cles, whether they are threatened by humans, or humans ate threatened by them. L~
EPA
\
For tile statemert by Russell Train. the formzr adminis rator of the Environmental P~tectioo Agency, see page 128. []
LOS Courtesy: Wan Staioot
For the Fact Sheet on U'~ f~olicy and for the President's Staten,enl, see page 127.
INTERVIEW
Interview with Beate Weber * [!~L: I-lave you no,ted any changes ill the welk ef your Committee sinre th: clect~on~ to the Euro,~an Parlianl ~nt? ~;e~te VCeher: 1 car,'t avswer for the "" ~'~ 'e I wa; el~=ted to the ?~zliament in 1979 but [ know the
volume o ~. work has increased considerably. 1 have the impression that even tile members o r the Commission now feel the pressure of the Euro~an people behind them and the commit~ees of the European Parliament are much, much stronger than before.
• Memter, E~ropeaa p,~tha~nent: Vicet'bt irman of the:Cornraittee on Eaeironrnenlal [ l,~'~-eti~ii,pttblicHealthmadCons,~lnerAffatrs ; See Envlr~nr~teritalPoli:y arid L~,w8 t? ) 19~2 page 7~
EPL: What are the ~riorities of your Comm!t:ee? Be.ate Weber: It is the Committee on Eq~ironmental P~teetion, Public Health and Consumer Protection and
'3378-777X/B2.,'000f~0000/$02.75 © 1982 North-Holland
at the moment we ,ire 'he corzwaittee wi~h the most wofl: in the Ec,x~pean Parliament. That means thaz ~hc European Community it becumir, much more involved now i 1 the envt -,1 tat field, For itlstanL!¢,, at pre,,,cm • w'e &:'~lh 3 with 2 ~. ~fimctives. so. called 'Et ropean L,s,~ % "It,," Committee with Me secon ~1t argest , ~mber of directives under ~'o!lside~taon, ts the Agricultural Con ~atee w;. , tet, directives. I think tha t~ubl~c o?;,nion did not realize up to t~.w ho,~ t m p o f