- Email: [email protected]
Wine, Whisky and Coffee and their Role in Additive Selection for Coatings
FOCUS CPCA and other industry associations continue to support the federal government in its current approach to implementing the CMP based on the best available science and have been encouraged by ongoing innovations to assess a large quantity of chemicals. However, many of the Standing Committee's recommendations suggest a departure from a proven process for chemicals management in Canada, moving to a hazard-based approach instead of a comprehensive assessment based on risk. CPCA does not support such an approach, which is similar to the one used in Europe under REACH. That process has been widely criticized for being time consuming, costly and inefficient. Many in industry echo CPCA's concerns, saying they hope that the lack of balance does not lead Canada down the same rocky road on which the EU now finds itself with chemicals management. There is evidence of this in the current report with a strong focus on the views of NGOs related to a large majority of the recommendations, which seem to ignore the science. Moving in this direction would not serve anyone's interests with respect to human health and the environment. The Official Opposition section of the Report noted that, "Had this study been more focused and more time been allocated to receiving critical testimony, this Report could have represented another step forward in improving the rigor of Canada's environmental protection regime.''
Original Source: Paint & Coatings Industry, 25-Jun-2017 (Website: http://www.pcimag. com), Copyright BNP Media 2017.
TECHNOLOGY Wine, Whisky and Coffee and their Role in Additive Selection for Coatings The benefits to the formulator of wine, whisky and coffee are well known – coffee to help waken the formulator at the start of the day and wine or whisky to celebrate or commiserate over the day's results. However, the tears of wine and the coffee stain effect are well known examples of the Marangoni effect, an important physical phenomenon also seen in paints and coatings that is often related to similar phenomena, often with undesirable consequences. Both are examples of liquid flow induced by surface tension forces. The tears of wine are caused by the evaporation of water and ethanol from the surface of the wine and then followed by condensation on the side of the glass. However, as alcohol has a higher vapor pressure than water, more water condenses on the glass, leading to a water-rich condensate, while the surface of the wine is more alcohol rich. When the condensate
4
ON
POWDER
flows down the sides of the glass back to the wine surface, an unusual flow pattern is observed where the liquid wine flows up a short distance of the glass before gravity pulls it back down, leading to thicker drops (the tears) bouncing up the glass edge. This is due to the attractive forces (surface tension) within the water-rich droplets being stronger than those present in the alcoholrich surface, causing the liquid to be pulled towards the droplets. This effect was first explained by the physicist James Thomson and then studied in greater depth by Carlo Giuseppe Matteo Marangoni (1840–1925) as part of his Doctoral Thesis at the University of Pavia in Italy. The effect has since been studied in much greater detail and continues to inspire research to this day. The coffee stain effect, the formation of a thicker, more intensely colored ring around the edge of a spilled liquid mixture, is another example of flow patterns created by surface tension forces. When a liquid mixture evaporates from a surface, surface tension forces create flow patterns that circulate the more volatile component to the surface, allowing the contact line to contract as the liquid volume decreases. However, if the liquid interacts with the substrate, the contraction can be constrained and slowed. If solid particles, such as coffee grinds, are caught in the flow, they will be pushed to the edge and then deposited, as there is insufficient volume to bring them back to the droplet. This creates the thick edge that can be clearly visible if the particles are colored. This effect also continues to be studied extensively and, recently, researchers from Princeton noticed that the edge effect did not occur when whisky dried in a clean glass. They were also able to reproduce this phenomenon using select combinations of surfactants, soluble polymers and solvent blends, citing potential uses in coatings. Surface tension-driven flow is a real force, created by localized differences in liquid and substrate surface tensions that can create many undesirable effects for the paint and coating formulator. However, this flow is also subject to resistance from coating mass, film weight and viscosity that can prevent or restrict flow. Additives are often used to try to eliminate problems caused by surface tension-driven flow, but they are often used as problem solvers once other formulation properties are fixed. Thus, additive selection can be challenging because additives will behave differently as other formulation properties change. A highly effective defoamer for highly filled paints may cause surface defects as the formulation viscosity changes for different applications, while a more compatible defoamer loses effectiveness in more highly filled coatings. Similarly, more specialized surfactants such as siloxanes, acetylenic diols or fluorosurfactants are often needed for more difficult-to-wet substrates, while simpler surfactants may be perfectly adequate for less-demanding substrates. By understanding how additive performance can be affected by formulation change, formulators can identify potential problems
C OAT I N G S and work with their suppliers to find answers faster.
Original Source: Paint & Coatings Industry, 1Jun-2017 (Website: http://www.pcimag.com), Copyright BNP Media 2017.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a rapid technique to evaluate the failure of fusion bonded epoxy powder coating The internal epoxy powder coating of land surface oil pipeline (LSP) was completely detached, curling from the substrate, and the production flow line was plugged with the deposit of paint debris after one year of operation in service. The failure has been identified, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and other surface analytical techniques, as curling caused by the improper curing process of the powder coating materials. In the present study, an experimental investigation was carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) by employing a new test cell to find out the reason behind the failure of the internal coating. The EIS was used to analyze the causes of failure of two different batches of the same coated piping, asreceived epoxy coating and the failed one, by simulating the necessary environment and operation temperature. The EIS results with the new test cell indicated the compliance of the technique in confirming the hypothesis, obtained about the poor quality of the powder coating process and adhesion loss failure, obtained by the DSC, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The study confirmed that the quality of coating could be identified through the impedance value of the intact and failed coatings.
Original Source: Engineering Failure Analysis, Available online 22 June 2017. In Press, Accepted Manuscript. Copyright Elsevier B.V. 2017.
URBIX develops new highly conductive material A new highly conductive raw material available as a powder has been launched by URBIX. The raw material is based on eight patents and can be utilize with several media to be used in inks and coatings.
Original Source: Ink World, 31 May 2017, (Website: http://www.inkworldmagazine.com), Copyright Rodman Media 2017.
Pollution concerns drive market for air-cleaning coatings Demand for air-cleaning coatings is driven by increasing concerns about air pollution in Europe. According to the statistics from the
July 2017
Original Source: Paint & Coatings Industry, 25-Jun-2017 (Website: http://www.pcimag. com), Copyright BNP Media 2017.
TECHNOLOGY Wine, Whisky and Coffee and their Role in Additive Selection for Coatings The benefits to the formulator of wine, whisky and coffee are well known – coffee to help waken the formulator at the start of the day and wine or whisky to celebrate or commiserate over the day's results. However, the tears of wine and the coffee stain effect are well known examples of the Marangoni effect, an important physical phenomenon also seen in paints and coatings that is often related to similar phenomena, often with undesirable consequences. Both are examples of liquid flow induced by surface tension forces. The tears of wine are caused by the evaporation of water and ethanol from the surface of the wine and then followed by condensation on the side of the glass. However, as alcohol has a higher vapor pressure than water, more water condenses on the glass, leading to a water-rich condensate, while the surface of the wine is more alcohol rich. When the condensate
4
ON
POWDER
flows down the sides of the glass back to the wine surface, an unusual flow pattern is observed where the liquid wine flows up a short distance of the glass before gravity pulls it back down, leading to thicker drops (the tears) bouncing up the glass edge. This is due to the attractive forces (surface tension) within the water-rich droplets being stronger than those present in the alcoholrich surface, causing the liquid to be pulled towards the droplets. This effect was first explained by the physicist James Thomson and then studied in greater depth by Carlo Giuseppe Matteo Marangoni (1840–1925) as part of his Doctoral Thesis at the University of Pavia in Italy. The effect has since been studied in much greater detail and continues to inspire research to this day. The coffee stain effect, the formation of a thicker, more intensely colored ring around the edge of a spilled liquid mixture, is another example of flow patterns created by surface tension forces. When a liquid mixture evaporates from a surface, surface tension forces create flow patterns that circulate the more volatile component to the surface, allowing the contact line to contract as the liquid volume decreases. However, if the liquid interacts with the substrate, the contraction can be constrained and slowed. If solid particles, such as coffee grinds, are caught in the flow, they will be pushed to the edge and then deposited, as there is insufficient volume to bring them back to the droplet. This creates the thick edge that can be clearly visible if the particles are colored. This effect also continues to be studied extensively and, recently, researchers from Princeton noticed that the edge effect did not occur when whisky dried in a clean glass. They were also able to reproduce this phenomenon using select combinations of surfactants, soluble polymers and solvent blends, citing potential uses in coatings. Surface tension-driven flow is a real force, created by localized differences in liquid and substrate surface tensions that can create many undesirable effects for the paint and coating formulator. However, this flow is also subject to resistance from coating mass, film weight and viscosity that can prevent or restrict flow. Additives are often used to try to eliminate problems caused by surface tension-driven flow, but they are often used as problem solvers once other formulation properties are fixed. Thus, additive selection can be challenging because additives will behave differently as other formulation properties change. A highly effective defoamer for highly filled paints may cause surface defects as the formulation viscosity changes for different applications, while a more compatible defoamer loses effectiveness in more highly filled coatings. Similarly, more specialized surfactants such as siloxanes, acetylenic diols or fluorosurfactants are often needed for more difficult-to-wet substrates, while simpler surfactants may be perfectly adequate for less-demanding substrates. By understanding how additive performance can be affected by formulation change, formulators can identify potential problems
C OAT I N G S and work with their suppliers to find answers faster.
Original Source: Paint & Coatings Industry, 1Jun-2017 (Website: http://www.pcimag.com), Copyright BNP Media 2017.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a rapid technique to evaluate the failure of fusion bonded epoxy powder coating The internal epoxy powder coating of land surface oil pipeline (LSP) was completely detached, curling from the substrate, and the production flow line was plugged with the deposit of paint debris after one year of operation in service. The failure has been identified, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and other surface analytical techniques, as curling caused by the improper curing process of the powder coating materials. In the present study, an experimental investigation was carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) by employing a new test cell to find out the reason behind the failure of the internal coating. The EIS was used to analyze the causes of failure of two different batches of the same coated piping, asreceived epoxy coating and the failed one, by simulating the necessary environment and operation temperature. The EIS results with the new test cell indicated the compliance of the technique in confirming the hypothesis, obtained about the poor quality of the powder coating process and adhesion loss failure, obtained by the DSC, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The study confirmed that the quality of coating could be identified through the impedance value of the intact and failed coatings.
Original Source: Engineering Failure Analysis, Available online 22 June 2017. In Press, Accepted Manuscript. Copyright Elsevier B.V. 2017.
URBIX develops new highly conductive material A new highly conductive raw material available as a powder has been launched by URBIX. The raw material is based on eight patents and can be utilize with several media to be used in inks and coatings.
Original Source: Ink World, 31 May 2017, (Website: http://www.inkworldmagazine.com), Copyright Rodman Media 2017.
Pollution concerns drive market for air-cleaning coatings Demand for air-cleaning coatings is driven by increasing concerns about air pollution in Europe. According to the statistics from the
July 2017