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Wood joists in English railways
70
Mechanics' Register.
h a d b e e n made which exactly agreed with the engineer's estimate; that a s e c o n d was finished some few thousands less than the engineer computed~ a third still less, &e. &e.? If' all this was true then, how comes it about no% t h a t t h e whole capital, instead of being quite enough, or too much, is found to be no less than eighty per cent. too little, that is little more than haft w h a t it 'ought to be? We think we have a prospectus in which are these e m p h a t i c a l words, " T h e cost will be 12,500,000L, and the sufficiency of this estimate has been ascertained by the Committee of the House of Commons, upon t h e testimor~y of Mr. Stephenson, supported by two other eminent engineers,'~ What answer can begiven to this? B u t to be serious~ the allowance Ibr contingencies was in this estimat%~m less than 294,648l. Thus, then~ stands the account-I;;ngineer's estimate £2,205,35"2 ]_)o's error 2,294,643 Total cost £4,500,000 B u t it m a y be 5,000,000/.~ making the trifling error of two and three quar. t e r millions on two and a quarter!!! W o u l d it not now be better to abandon this line~ with its nine tunnels, and t a k e up Sir Jotm Rennie's, which has only one, and which would cost about one-tburth of the amour~t, or little more than the second additional sum n o w wanted. It~ as stated in the report, they have spent only ~(280,000L, and have had in cash unpaid shares, and money already bof r o w e d 3,400,000L they will have about enough to make, as we understand, Sir J o h n Reuni&s new line, without borrowing this other million. The tunnels might be converted into dark holes for the punishment of culprits, o r would make very excellent gipsy retreats~ cow-sheds, pig-sties, ~zc. &e. 'We r e c o m m e n d the directors and shareholders to take this into their sort. ous consideration, and they will, no doubt, make us a handsome compliment for the suggestion. [s it t r u e , as whispered about~ that a great portion of this new sum wanted has b e e n spent in buying off opposition~ ~c.? W h y , this line will cost upwards of 40,000/. a mile! or more than double t h e a v e r a g e cost. Surely this is a second edition of the Liverpool and 5 1 a n c h e s t e r Railway, which~ if we recollect right~ Mr. Stephenson undertook to make tbr about 500,000l., but whict 4 in reality has, we believe, cost n e a r three times that amount! For the shareholders ~ sakes, andtbr t h e s a k e of burying ia oblivion Mr. Stephensords sad, sad bhmder, we hope t h e s u c c e s s of the one may eq,ml that of the other.~Railway 2d~tgazig~e. Ibid,
Mecllanics'
Register.
H~ood Joists in £ngli~h l¢ailways. T h e substitution of the continuous wood-joist~ bedded in concrete, to stu)p o r t t h e rail~ instead of iron chairs and stone bases at intervals only~ is about to t a k e place for the.first time on an extensive scale in England, T h e dir e c t o r s of the Great Western Railway, have recently made their first coDt r a c t for 13~000 loads of timber for this purpose, the whole of which is p r o b a b l y laid down by this time.--Corr. ~za~.Pop,s~,
Proportion of Crime to Population.~ To make Nectar.
71
Soda Bread. A correspondent of the New~. Telegraph gives the following receipt for ~nakin~ "soda bread," stating that " t h e r e is no bread to be had equal to il: tbr in~'igorating the body, promoting digestion, strengthening the stomach, and improving the state of the bowels." He says, "put a pound and a half ofg.ood wheaten meal into a large bowl, mix with it two teaspoonfuls of finely-powdered salt, then take a large teaspoonful of super-carbonate of" :~oda, dissolve it in halfa teacupful of cold water, and add it to the meal; rub up all intimately together, then pour into the bowl as much very sour buttermilk as will make the whole into soft dough (it should be as soft as could possibly be handled, and the softer the better,) tbrm it into a cake of about an inch thickness, and put it into a fiat Dutch oven or frying-pan, with. some metallic cover, such as an oven-lid or griddle, apply a moderate heat underneath ior twenty minutes, then lay some clear live coals upon the lid, and keep it so for half an hour longer (the under heat being allowed to fifll off gradually for the last fifteen minutes,) taking off the cover occasionally ~o see that it does not burn. This, he concludes, when somewhat cooled ~n(I moderately buttered, is as wholesome as ever entered man's stomach. Win. Clacker, Esq., of Gosfbrd, has ordered a sample of the bread to be prepared, and a quantity of the meal to be kept for sale at the Markethill Temperance Soup and Coffee Rooms. Farm. Mag. d~7~'lbeF.
The beautiful amber which is found on the eastern shores of England~ and on the coasts of Prussia and Sicily, and which is supposed to be tossil resin, is derived from beda of lignite in the tertiary strata. Fragments of fossi| gum were found in digging tile tunnel through the London clay at Highgate, zleat' ][~ondon.
5Iining Journal.
Proportion of Crime to Population. According to Colonel Forsell, who has recently published a valuable work on the statistics of Sweden, the offenders against the laws in different countries bear the following proportions to the entire population:~ In England as one to 740 Wales, 2~320 Ireland, 490 Scotland, 1,180 Denmark, 1,700 Sweden, . , 1,500 l'qew South Wales, 22 T h e United States, 3~500 Farm. ~Iag.
To make Nectar. (Via des Dieux.) Slice very thinly, a quantity of apples, and an equal number of lemons. Cover the bottom of a porcelain dish with a layer of the apples, then a layer of lemon, then a third of powdered sugar and so on till the vessel is fidl enough. Pour in wine until the upper layer of lemons is well overflowed, put on a cover and let it infuse five or six hours. Press out the liquor through a cloth and filter it. Joar. des Corm,w,
Mechanics' Register.
h a d b e e n made which exactly agreed with the engineer's estimate; that a s e c o n d was finished some few thousands less than the engineer computed~ a third still less, &e. &e.? If' all this was true then, how comes it about no% t h a t t h e whole capital, instead of being quite enough, or too much, is found to be no less than eighty per cent. too little, that is little more than haft w h a t it 'ought to be? We think we have a prospectus in which are these e m p h a t i c a l words, " T h e cost will be 12,500,000L, and the sufficiency of this estimate has been ascertained by the Committee of the House of Commons, upon t h e testimor~y of Mr. Stephenson, supported by two other eminent engineers,'~ What answer can begiven to this? B u t to be serious~ the allowance Ibr contingencies was in this estimat%~m less than 294,648l. Thus, then~ stands the account-I;;ngineer's estimate £2,205,35"2 ]_)o's error 2,294,643 Total cost £4,500,000 B u t it m a y be 5,000,000/.~ making the trifling error of two and three quar. t e r millions on two and a quarter!!! W o u l d it not now be better to abandon this line~ with its nine tunnels, and t a k e up Sir Jotm Rennie's, which has only one, and which would cost about one-tburth of the amour~t, or little more than the second additional sum n o w wanted. It~ as stated in the report, they have spent only ~(280,000L, and have had in cash unpaid shares, and money already bof r o w e d 3,400,000L they will have about enough to make, as we understand, Sir J o h n Reuni&s new line, without borrowing this other million. The tunnels might be converted into dark holes for the punishment of culprits, o r would make very excellent gipsy retreats~ cow-sheds, pig-sties, ~zc. &e. 'We r e c o m m e n d the directors and shareholders to take this into their sort. ous consideration, and they will, no doubt, make us a handsome compliment for the suggestion. [s it t r u e , as whispered about~ that a great portion of this new sum wanted has b e e n spent in buying off opposition~ ~c.? W h y , this line will cost upwards of 40,000/. a mile! or more than double t h e a v e r a g e cost. Surely this is a second edition of the Liverpool and 5 1 a n c h e s t e r Railway, which~ if we recollect right~ Mr. Stephenson undertook to make tbr about 500,000l., but whict 4 in reality has, we believe, cost n e a r three times that amount! For the shareholders ~ sakes, andtbr t h e s a k e of burying ia oblivion Mr. Stephensords sad, sad bhmder, we hope t h e s u c c e s s of the one may eq,ml that of the other.~Railway 2d~tgazig~e. Ibid,
Mecllanics'
Register.
H~ood Joists in £ngli~h l¢ailways. T h e substitution of the continuous wood-joist~ bedded in concrete, to stu)p o r t t h e rail~ instead of iron chairs and stone bases at intervals only~ is about to t a k e place for the.first time on an extensive scale in England, T h e dir e c t o r s of the Great Western Railway, have recently made their first coDt r a c t for 13~000 loads of timber for this purpose, the whole of which is p r o b a b l y laid down by this time.--Corr. ~za~.Pop,s~,
Proportion of Crime to Population.~ To make Nectar.
71
Soda Bread. A correspondent of the New~. Telegraph gives the following receipt for ~nakin~ "soda bread," stating that " t h e r e is no bread to be had equal to il: tbr in~'igorating the body, promoting digestion, strengthening the stomach, and improving the state of the bowels." He says, "put a pound and a half ofg.ood wheaten meal into a large bowl, mix with it two teaspoonfuls of finely-powdered salt, then take a large teaspoonful of super-carbonate of" :~oda, dissolve it in halfa teacupful of cold water, and add it to the meal; rub up all intimately together, then pour into the bowl as much very sour buttermilk as will make the whole into soft dough (it should be as soft as could possibly be handled, and the softer the better,) tbrm it into a cake of about an inch thickness, and put it into a fiat Dutch oven or frying-pan, with. some metallic cover, such as an oven-lid or griddle, apply a moderate heat underneath ior twenty minutes, then lay some clear live coals upon the lid, and keep it so for half an hour longer (the under heat being allowed to fifll off gradually for the last fifteen minutes,) taking off the cover occasionally ~o see that it does not burn. This, he concludes, when somewhat cooled ~n(I moderately buttered, is as wholesome as ever entered man's stomach. Win. Clacker, Esq., of Gosfbrd, has ordered a sample of the bread to be prepared, and a quantity of the meal to be kept for sale at the Markethill Temperance Soup and Coffee Rooms. Farm. Mag. d~7~'lbeF.
The beautiful amber which is found on the eastern shores of England~ and on the coasts of Prussia and Sicily, and which is supposed to be tossil resin, is derived from beda of lignite in the tertiary strata. Fragments of fossi| gum were found in digging tile tunnel through the London clay at Highgate, zleat' ][~ondon.
5Iining Journal.
Proportion of Crime to Population. According to Colonel Forsell, who has recently published a valuable work on the statistics of Sweden, the offenders against the laws in different countries bear the following proportions to the entire population:~ In England as one to 740 Wales, 2~320 Ireland, 490 Scotland, 1,180 Denmark, 1,700 Sweden, . , 1,500 l'qew South Wales, 22 T h e United States, 3~500 Farm. ~Iag.
To make Nectar. (Via des Dieux.) Slice very thinly, a quantity of apples, and an equal number of lemons. Cover the bottom of a porcelain dish with a layer of the apples, then a layer of lemon, then a third of powdered sugar and so on till the vessel is fidl enough. Pour in wine until the upper layer of lemons is well overflowed, put on a cover and let it infuse five or six hours. Press out the liquor through a cloth and filter it. Joar. des Corm,w,