- Email: [email protected]
Work Schedule, Physical Factors and Menstrual Function
596
Abstracts / Annals of Epidemiology 23 (2013) 581e598
J.K. Gu, L.E. Charles, M.E. Andrew, C.C. Ma, C.M. Burchfiel. CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV; JM Violanti: U. of Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY Purpose: To investigate obesity prevalence and trends by occupational group between 2004 and 2011. Methods: Self-reported weight and height were collected annually for US workers (age18), from 2004-2011 in the NHIS. Overall gender- and occupation-specific rates of obesity (defined as a body mass index > 30 kg/m2) were calculated with pooled data. Biennial occupation-specific prevalence rates were also calculated and their time trends were assessed. Results: Overall and gender-specific obesity prevalence increased significantly over time among workers, except non-Hispanic others. Non-Hispanic blacks had the highest obesity prevalence regardless of gender. Hispanic males had the largest average yearly increase 1.09% (0.17) over 2004-2011. Among males, those who worked in “protective services” and in “transportation and material moving” had the highest obesity prevalence (36.4% and 33.2% respectively). Among females, those in “transportation and material moving” and “healthcare support” had the highest prevalence (34.6% and 33.5% respectively). The largest average biennial obesity increase was in “healthcare support” among males (4.94%0.86, p-value¼0.03) and trends by occupational group were not significant in females. Conclusion: Prevalence of obesity varies considerably across occupational groups. Weight management programs may be effectively targeted towards occupational groups that exhibit elevated obesity prevalence and those showing more rapid increases in obesity over time.
P67. Work Schedule, Physical Factors and Menstrual Function C.C. Lawson, C.Y. Johnson, J. Chavarro, E.N. Lividoti Hibert, E.A. Whelan, C.M. Rocheleau, B. Grajewski, E.S. Schernhammer, J.W. Rich-Edwards. NIOSH; Cincinnati, OH Purpose: We analyzed how variations in work schedule and physical work relate to menstrual cycle regularity and length. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 6,309 nurses ages 21 to 45 from the Nurses’ Health Study 3. Log binomial regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) for analyses of menstrual regularity, while logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for cycle length. Results: Overall, nineteen percent of participants reported irregular menstrual cycles. In adjusted models, there was a trend of increasing risk of irregular cycles with increasing number of night shifts per month (p<0.0001) and hours worked (p¼0.01). A greater frequency of heavy lifting per day was also associated with irregular cycles (34% increased risk). The distribution of menstrual cycle lengths in our cohort was: <21 days, 1.5%; 2125 days, 15.6%; 26-31 days (reference), 69.7%; and 32-50 days, 13.2%. In multivariable adjusted models, working 41+ hours/week was associated with very short (<21 day) menstrual cycles regardless of shift work status (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.24-3.01), and working rotating night shifts was associated with both very short (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.98-3.12) and long (32-50 day) menstrual cycles (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03-1.61). A greater frequency of daily heavy lifting was associated with very short and moderately short cycles (p for trend <0.02 for each endpoint). Conclusion: Night shift work, long working hours, and heavy lifting may affect menstrual function, which may have implications for fertility.
P68. Shift Work and Work Stress Among Police Officers C.C. Ma, C.M. Burchfiel, M.E. Andrew, D. Fekedulegn, T.A. Hartley, J.K. Gu, J.M. Violanti, L.E. Charles. CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV Purpose: To examine the association between shift work and work stress among police officers. Methods: Frequency of work stress in the past year was obtained using the Spielberger Police Stress Survey among 353 police officers (aged 27-66 years). Work hours were derived from daily payroll work history records. Dominant shift in the past year (including day, afternoon, or night) was defined as 70% of total work hours on a shift. General linear models were used to examine mean values of total work stress across shift adjusting for covariates. Specific types of work stress such as administrative pressure, physical or psychological threat, and lack of organizational support were also examined.
Results: Shift work was associated with frequency of total work stress, administrative pressure, and physical or psychological threat in the past year. Police officers working the afternoon shift reported the highest frequency of stressful events for total work stress (p<0.001) and for administrative pressure (p<0.001). Those working the night shift reported the highest frequency for physical or psychological threat (p<0.001). The associations of shift work with the frequency of total work stress, administrative pressure, and physical or psychological threat remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and police rank. Conclusion: The frequency of work-related stressful events varied significantly across shift among police officers. Interventions to reduce or manage police work stress tailored by shift may be considered as effective strategies.
P69. Stress and Inflammation Among Police Officers A. Mnatsakanova, M.E. Andrew, T.A. Hartley, D. Fekedulegn, C.M. Burchfiel. CDC/NIOSH/HELD Morgantown WV, JM Violanti, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY Purpose: To investigate associations between occupational stress and inflammatory markers among Buffalo, NY police officers and to assess whether coping mechanisms modify these associations. Methods: Complete data on inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count], Spielberger Police Stress Survey, and coping (the Brief COPE Inventory) were available for 363 police officers. Linear regression and ANCOVA were used to compare mean levels of inflammatory markers across quartiles of three stress subscales (administrative pressure, threat of danger, and lack of support). Results: Mean age was 41.6 years; 26% were female. Stress indices did not differ significantly among male and female officers. WBC count was positively and significantly associated with three stress subscales (p<0.03), but no longer significant after adjustment for risk factors (p0.16). CRP levels were significantly associated with ‘lack of support’ across all the models. Among those who scored high on passive coping (less desirable), WBC count was significantly associated with administrative pressure (p¼0.022); CRP levels were significantly associated with lack of support (p¼0.009). WBC count and CRP levels were significantly associated with lack of support in officers who used more support seeking coping. Conclusion: Lack of support at work was positively and significantly associated with inflammation, and this association was modified by types of coping. These findings are consistent with other studies and suggest the need for prospective studies and exploration of coping mechanisms.
P70. Leukemia, All Cancer, and Acute Myocardial Infarction Risk by Industry and Occupation in 23 US States, 1999, 20032004, 2007 C.F. Robinson, J.T. Walker, M.H. Sweeney, G. Calvert, P.K. Schumacher, J. Ju, S. Nowlin. Surveillance Branch, DSHEFS, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, Ohio Purpose: Between 4-20% of cancer, 5-10% of heart disease/stroke, and 10% respiratory/other chronic disease have been attributed to occupation, but timely US surveillance data are scarce. Timely data are needed to identify new, or confirm existing risks for occupational cancer and chronic disease death and trends within industrial sectors and special populations. Methods: We collected death certificate data and analyzed proportionate mortality for 1.67 million cause-specific deaths in U.S. workers in 23 states during 1999, 2003-2004, and 2007 to identify elevated cause-specific mortality by occupation and industry. Results: Significant excess age-adjusted mortality before age 65 for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in white males was noted in four industry sectors: 1) agriculture (proportionate mortality ratio (PMR)¼119); 2) mining (PMR¼124); 3) manufacturing (PMR¼106); and 4) transportation (PMR¼106); and for two occupations: 1) farming (PMR¼122); and, 2) operators/fabricators (PMR¼109). Leukemia mortality was significantly elevated in one industry sector: services (PMR¼119); and for two occupations: 1) management/business/finance (PMR¼141); and, 2) professional and specialty occupations (PMR¼131). Conclusions: Significantly elevated risk for AMI, leukemia, and all cancer varied across several occupations and industries for white men who died
Abstracts / Annals of Epidemiology 23 (2013) 581e598
J.K. Gu, L.E. Charles, M.E. Andrew, C.C. Ma, C.M. Burchfiel. CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV; JM Violanti: U. of Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY Purpose: To investigate obesity prevalence and trends by occupational group between 2004 and 2011. Methods: Self-reported weight and height were collected annually for US workers (age18), from 2004-2011 in the NHIS. Overall gender- and occupation-specific rates of obesity (defined as a body mass index > 30 kg/m2) were calculated with pooled data. Biennial occupation-specific prevalence rates were also calculated and their time trends were assessed. Results: Overall and gender-specific obesity prevalence increased significantly over time among workers, except non-Hispanic others. Non-Hispanic blacks had the highest obesity prevalence regardless of gender. Hispanic males had the largest average yearly increase 1.09% (0.17) over 2004-2011. Among males, those who worked in “protective services” and in “transportation and material moving” had the highest obesity prevalence (36.4% and 33.2% respectively). Among females, those in “transportation and material moving” and “healthcare support” had the highest prevalence (34.6% and 33.5% respectively). The largest average biennial obesity increase was in “healthcare support” among males (4.94%0.86, p-value¼0.03) and trends by occupational group were not significant in females. Conclusion: Prevalence of obesity varies considerably across occupational groups. Weight management programs may be effectively targeted towards occupational groups that exhibit elevated obesity prevalence and those showing more rapid increases in obesity over time.
P67. Work Schedule, Physical Factors and Menstrual Function C.C. Lawson, C.Y. Johnson, J. Chavarro, E.N. Lividoti Hibert, E.A. Whelan, C.M. Rocheleau, B. Grajewski, E.S. Schernhammer, J.W. Rich-Edwards. NIOSH; Cincinnati, OH Purpose: We analyzed how variations in work schedule and physical work relate to menstrual cycle regularity and length. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 6,309 nurses ages 21 to 45 from the Nurses’ Health Study 3. Log binomial regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) for analyses of menstrual regularity, while logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for cycle length. Results: Overall, nineteen percent of participants reported irregular menstrual cycles. In adjusted models, there was a trend of increasing risk of irregular cycles with increasing number of night shifts per month (p<0.0001) and hours worked (p¼0.01). A greater frequency of heavy lifting per day was also associated with irregular cycles (34% increased risk). The distribution of menstrual cycle lengths in our cohort was: <21 days, 1.5%; 2125 days, 15.6%; 26-31 days (reference), 69.7%; and 32-50 days, 13.2%. In multivariable adjusted models, working 41+ hours/week was associated with very short (<21 day) menstrual cycles regardless of shift work status (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.24-3.01), and working rotating night shifts was associated with both very short (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.98-3.12) and long (32-50 day) menstrual cycles (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03-1.61). A greater frequency of daily heavy lifting was associated with very short and moderately short cycles (p for trend <0.02 for each endpoint). Conclusion: Night shift work, long working hours, and heavy lifting may affect menstrual function, which may have implications for fertility.
P68. Shift Work and Work Stress Among Police Officers C.C. Ma, C.M. Burchfiel, M.E. Andrew, D. Fekedulegn, T.A. Hartley, J.K. Gu, J.M. Violanti, L.E. Charles. CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV Purpose: To examine the association between shift work and work stress among police officers. Methods: Frequency of work stress in the past year was obtained using the Spielberger Police Stress Survey among 353 police officers (aged 27-66 years). Work hours were derived from daily payroll work history records. Dominant shift in the past year (including day, afternoon, or night) was defined as 70% of total work hours on a shift. General linear models were used to examine mean values of total work stress across shift adjusting for covariates. Specific types of work stress such as administrative pressure, physical or psychological threat, and lack of organizational support were also examined.
Results: Shift work was associated with frequency of total work stress, administrative pressure, and physical or psychological threat in the past year. Police officers working the afternoon shift reported the highest frequency of stressful events for total work stress (p<0.001) and for administrative pressure (p<0.001). Those working the night shift reported the highest frequency for physical or psychological threat (p<0.001). The associations of shift work with the frequency of total work stress, administrative pressure, and physical or psychological threat remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and police rank. Conclusion: The frequency of work-related stressful events varied significantly across shift among police officers. Interventions to reduce or manage police work stress tailored by shift may be considered as effective strategies.
P69. Stress and Inflammation Among Police Officers A. Mnatsakanova, M.E. Andrew, T.A. Hartley, D. Fekedulegn, C.M. Burchfiel. CDC/NIOSH/HELD Morgantown WV, JM Violanti, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY Purpose: To investigate associations between occupational stress and inflammatory markers among Buffalo, NY police officers and to assess whether coping mechanisms modify these associations. Methods: Complete data on inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count], Spielberger Police Stress Survey, and coping (the Brief COPE Inventory) were available for 363 police officers. Linear regression and ANCOVA were used to compare mean levels of inflammatory markers across quartiles of three stress subscales (administrative pressure, threat of danger, and lack of support). Results: Mean age was 41.6 years; 26% were female. Stress indices did not differ significantly among male and female officers. WBC count was positively and significantly associated with three stress subscales (p<0.03), but no longer significant after adjustment for risk factors (p0.16). CRP levels were significantly associated with ‘lack of support’ across all the models. Among those who scored high on passive coping (less desirable), WBC count was significantly associated with administrative pressure (p¼0.022); CRP levels were significantly associated with lack of support (p¼0.009). WBC count and CRP levels were significantly associated with lack of support in officers who used more support seeking coping. Conclusion: Lack of support at work was positively and significantly associated with inflammation, and this association was modified by types of coping. These findings are consistent with other studies and suggest the need for prospective studies and exploration of coping mechanisms.
P70. Leukemia, All Cancer, and Acute Myocardial Infarction Risk by Industry and Occupation in 23 US States, 1999, 20032004, 2007 C.F. Robinson, J.T. Walker, M.H. Sweeney, G. Calvert, P.K. Schumacher, J. Ju, S. Nowlin. Surveillance Branch, DSHEFS, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, Ohio Purpose: Between 4-20% of cancer, 5-10% of heart disease/stroke, and 10% respiratory/other chronic disease have been attributed to occupation, but timely US surveillance data are scarce. Timely data are needed to identify new, or confirm existing risks for occupational cancer and chronic disease death and trends within industrial sectors and special populations. Methods: We collected death certificate data and analyzed proportionate mortality for 1.67 million cause-specific deaths in U.S. workers in 23 states during 1999, 2003-2004, and 2007 to identify elevated cause-specific mortality by occupation and industry. Results: Significant excess age-adjusted mortality before age 65 for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in white males was noted in four industry sectors: 1) agriculture (proportionate mortality ratio (PMR)¼119); 2) mining (PMR¼124); 3) manufacturing (PMR¼106); and 4) transportation (PMR¼106); and for two occupations: 1) farming (PMR¼122); and, 2) operators/fabricators (PMR¼109). Leukemia mortality was significantly elevated in one industry sector: services (PMR¼119); and for two occupations: 1) management/business/finance (PMR¼141); and, 2) professional and specialty occupations (PMR¼131). Conclusions: Significantly elevated risk for AMI, leukemia, and all cancer varied across several occupations and industries for white men who died