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Wrigley's improved friction coupling for the transmission of motive power
412
,Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry.
penny-halfpenny" omnibuses ; o r " Caresses ~ cinq sous." The company had at its head the Duke de Roan~s, and a brace of marquises, and no less a person than the gentle Pascal was among the shareholders. The decree expressly stated that these coaches, of which there were originally seven, each containing eight places, should run at fixed hours, full or empty, to and from certain extreme quarters of Paris, for the benefit ot "a great number of persons ill provided for, as persons engaged in lawsuits, infirm people, and others, who have nat the means to ride in chaise or carriage, which cannot be hired under a pistole or a couple of crowns a day." As the pistole was worth eleven francs, and the crown (6cu d'or) was worth five francs fourteen sous, the idea of a two-penny-halfpenny omnibus spread delight throughout the capital. The public inauguration, at seven o'clock on a March morning, of the year 1662, was a grand and gady affair. Three of the " busses" started from the Porte St. Antoine, four from the Luxembourg. Previous to their setting out, two commissaries of the Ch.C~telet,in legal robes, four guards of the grand provost, half-a-score of city archers, and as many cavalry, drew up in front of the ecstatic people. The commissaries delivered to the latter an address on the advantages of the two-penny-halfpenny carriages, exhorted the riders to observe goo d order, and then, turning to the coachmen, covered the body of each with a long blue frock, with the arms of the King and the city showily embroidered on the stomach. With this original badge, off drove the coachmen, but throughout the day a provost guard rode in each carriage, and infantry and calvalry, here and there, paraded along the respective lines to keep them clear. For awhile, all Paris strove to ride in these omnibuses, and some stood to gaze impatiently at those who had succeeded better than themselves. The two-penny-halfpenny coach was the event of the day, even the Grand d)fonarque tried a trip in one down at St. Germains, and the actors of the Marais played the "Intrigue des Carosses h cinq sous," on their joyous theatre. The wealthier classes seem to have taken possession of them for a considerable time, and it is singular that when they ceased to be fashionable, the poorer classes would have nothing:to do with them, and so the speculation failed. The s~cstem re-appeared, we may add, in London, under certain modifications, m the year 1820, and as in Paris in 1662, so in London, we brought the new carnage on the stage, and drew peals of laughter and a heavy " hall price," by the farce o f " The Omnibus ; or, a Convement Distance. •
•
,,
Wrigley's Improved Friction Couplingfor the transmission of.Motive Power.* Mr. Francis Wrigley, of Long Island Iron Works, Carlisle, has patented a highly ingemous arrangement of machinery to be applied, either internally or externally, to a frictional surface on a wheel or disk in motion, by which means it is brought gradually into contact within another and similar surface ut rest, and thus held without any other restraining forde, and thereby made capable of transmitting any amount of power • From the Lend. Mech. Mag., Aug., 1857.
Wrlglev' s Improved Friction Coupling.
413
from the prime mover to any shafting, gearing, or other machinery requiring to be alternately set in motion or remain at rest. This is accomplished without shock or concussion to any part of the said shafting, gearing, or other machinery. The accompanying engraving is a sectional view, taken through the centre of the coupling, showing the arrangement of rods, links, lever, and sliding box ; a, is the shaft, upon which (when at rest) revolves the bevel wheel, b, or other driving wheel or drum, and attached to which is the metallic rim, c; d, d, are slots in the flanehes of the frictional surface plates, e, e, and which surface plates are brought into contact with the rim, c, by the rods, f , f , shown partly in dotted lines, actuated by the lever, g, through the connecting link, h, also partly shown in dotted lines, and the grooved boss, i, which slides on feathers sunk on the shaft, a.
Supposing tile driving wheel to be at rest, and it is required to impart an intermittent motion thereto, that is, to stop or start the said wheel at intervals : the wheel is not secured upon the shaft, but fits loosely thereupon, the apparatus for coupling the wheel with the driving power being firmly secured upon and revolving with the said driving shaft. The lever, g, is moved forward, either by screw power or otherwise, which causes the boss, i, to slide along the shaft, a, and by means of the links, h, to press the ends of the links, f , f, nearest the centre or shaft, into a line, or nearly so, with their extreme centres ; this has the effect of extending the revolving frictional surfaces, e, e, and thus bringing these surfaces into contact with the rim, c, ~trld'imparting motion thereto by the friction created between the said surfaces and the rim, and consequently to the wheel desired to be driven. It will be evident that the wheel may be disconnected from the driving power by .reversing this action and withdrawing the fractional surfaces from their rlm. 35"
,Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry.
penny-halfpenny" omnibuses ; o r " Caresses ~ cinq sous." The company had at its head the Duke de Roan~s, and a brace of marquises, and no less a person than the gentle Pascal was among the shareholders. The decree expressly stated that these coaches, of which there were originally seven, each containing eight places, should run at fixed hours, full or empty, to and from certain extreme quarters of Paris, for the benefit ot "a great number of persons ill provided for, as persons engaged in lawsuits, infirm people, and others, who have nat the means to ride in chaise or carriage, which cannot be hired under a pistole or a couple of crowns a day." As the pistole was worth eleven francs, and the crown (6cu d'or) was worth five francs fourteen sous, the idea of a two-penny-halfpenny omnibus spread delight throughout the capital. The public inauguration, at seven o'clock on a March morning, of the year 1662, was a grand and gady affair. Three of the " busses" started from the Porte St. Antoine, four from the Luxembourg. Previous to their setting out, two commissaries of the Ch.C~telet,in legal robes, four guards of the grand provost, half-a-score of city archers, and as many cavalry, drew up in front of the ecstatic people. The commissaries delivered to the latter an address on the advantages of the two-penny-halfpenny carriages, exhorted the riders to observe goo d order, and then, turning to the coachmen, covered the body of each with a long blue frock, with the arms of the King and the city showily embroidered on the stomach. With this original badge, off drove the coachmen, but throughout the day a provost guard rode in each carriage, and infantry and calvalry, here and there, paraded along the respective lines to keep them clear. For awhile, all Paris strove to ride in these omnibuses, and some stood to gaze impatiently at those who had succeeded better than themselves. The two-penny-halfpenny coach was the event of the day, even the Grand d)fonarque tried a trip in one down at St. Germains, and the actors of the Marais played the "Intrigue des Carosses h cinq sous," on their joyous theatre. The wealthier classes seem to have taken possession of them for a considerable time, and it is singular that when they ceased to be fashionable, the poorer classes would have nothing:to do with them, and so the speculation failed. The s~cstem re-appeared, we may add, in London, under certain modifications, m the year 1820, and as in Paris in 1662, so in London, we brought the new carnage on the stage, and drew peals of laughter and a heavy " hall price," by the farce o f " The Omnibus ; or, a Convement Distance. •
•
,,
Wrigley's Improved Friction Couplingfor the transmission of.Motive Power.* Mr. Francis Wrigley, of Long Island Iron Works, Carlisle, has patented a highly ingemous arrangement of machinery to be applied, either internally or externally, to a frictional surface on a wheel or disk in motion, by which means it is brought gradually into contact within another and similar surface ut rest, and thus held without any other restraining forde, and thereby made capable of transmitting any amount of power • From the Lend. Mech. Mag., Aug., 1857.
Wrlglev' s Improved Friction Coupling.
413
from the prime mover to any shafting, gearing, or other machinery requiring to be alternately set in motion or remain at rest. This is accomplished without shock or concussion to any part of the said shafting, gearing, or other machinery. The accompanying engraving is a sectional view, taken through the centre of the coupling, showing the arrangement of rods, links, lever, and sliding box ; a, is the shaft, upon which (when at rest) revolves the bevel wheel, b, or other driving wheel or drum, and attached to which is the metallic rim, c; d, d, are slots in the flanehes of the frictional surface plates, e, e, and which surface plates are brought into contact with the rim, c, by the rods, f , f , shown partly in dotted lines, actuated by the lever, g, through the connecting link, h, also partly shown in dotted lines, and the grooved boss, i, which slides on feathers sunk on the shaft, a.
Supposing tile driving wheel to be at rest, and it is required to impart an intermittent motion thereto, that is, to stop or start the said wheel at intervals : the wheel is not secured upon the shaft, but fits loosely thereupon, the apparatus for coupling the wheel with the driving power being firmly secured upon and revolving with the said driving shaft. The lever, g, is moved forward, either by screw power or otherwise, which causes the boss, i, to slide along the shaft, a, and by means of the links, h, to press the ends of the links, f , f, nearest the centre or shaft, into a line, or nearly so, with their extreme centres ; this has the effect of extending the revolving frictional surfaces, e, e, and thus bringing these surfaces into contact with the rim, c, ~trld'imparting motion thereto by the friction created between the said surfaces and the rim, and consequently to the wheel desired to be driven. It will be evident that the wheel may be disconnected from the driving power by .reversing this action and withdrawing the fractional surfaces from their rlm. 35"