- Email: [email protected]
X-RD, SEM, FT-IR, DSC Studies of Polymer Blend Films of PMMA and PEO
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
www.materialstoday.com/proceedings
ICMRA 2016
X-RD, SEM, FT-IR, DSC Studies of Polymer Blend Films of PMMA and PEO M. Ravindar Reddya, A. R. Subrahmanyama, M. Maheshwar Reddyb, J. Siva Kumarc , V. Kamalakerd and M. Jaipal Reddyd * a
Department of Sciences & Humanities, MVSR Engineering College, Nadergul, Hyderabad - 501510, Telangana, India Department of Scince & Humanities, Sreenidhi Institute of Science & Technology, Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, R. R. (Dist.)-501301, Telangana, India c Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad – 500007, India d Department Of Physics and Chemistry, Mahathma Gandi institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad - 500 07, Telangana., India b
Abstract Poly (methylmetacrylate)-Poly(ethylene oxide) (PMMA-PEO) polymers blend films were prepared using the solution casting method. The polymer thin films were characterized by X-ray difraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The amorphous or crystalline nature of polymers has been confirmed by XRD analysis. The PMMA surface morphology shows rough surface and micro pore structure. Appearance of rough surface in SEM micrograph of pure PEO was suggested several crystalline domains. The surface morphology changes severely when PEO added to PMMA polymer, which shows the development of surface morphology from smooth to rough with increasing of PEO concentration in PMMA. FT-IR data shows that some of the bands found to be shifted and intensities of some of the bands are decreased and some are disappeared with the addition of PEO to PMMA when compared to pure PMMA and PEO, which suggests the coordination/ interaction between PMMA and PEO matrixes. DSC results showed that the melting temperatures (Tm) of PMMA and PEO blend decreases when compared to pure PEO, PMMA.
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of International conference on materials research and applications-2016. Keywords: PMMA; PEO; XRD; SEM; FTIR; DSC *
[email protected]
2214-7853 © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of International conference on materials research and applications-2016.
3714
M. Ravindar Reddy/ Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
1. Introduction Properties of different polymers will determine the application to which it is appropriate. The chief advantages of polymers are low cost, easy processability, good chemical resistance, and low specific gravity. On the other hand, low strength, low modulus, and low operating temperatures limit their use [1]. To achieve the required valuable properties, blending is suitable technique, in which two/more polymers uniformly mixed with each other. The blending process is very attractive because of its versa-tility, simplicity, inexpensiveness and producing new polymeric materials with modified properties such as morphological, thermal, mechanical, and electrical or degradation behavior can be change by a favorable choice of the second component of the blend without having to synthesize totally new materials. Blending technology has important and valuable applications in various fields of science and engineering. The characterization of interface gives relevant information on interactions between two polymer matrixes in blend polymer system. The mechanical properties of the polymer blends are dependent upon the stability of interfacial region. It is very interesting to study the properties such as specific interactions, miscibility, phase behavior and structure to material properties and performance. Many researchers have worked on several host polymers e.g. poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly (vinyl acetate) (PVA) etc. Among various homopolymers studied, Rigid PMMA chains provide sufficient mechanical stability for the soft PEO segments to achieve improved mechanical performance for solid-state electrolyte applications. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) exhibits excellent ion transport properties due to its high concentration of electron pairs and rapid segmental dynamics. PEO attains high degree of crystallinity, approximately 60%, at room temperature [2-4]. The studies generally incorporate the development of PMMA-based electrolyte composites, copolymers, and blends [5-7]. Polymer blends offer a practical and efficient way to fulfill novel requirements for material properties and applications. Physical properties of polymer blends can be constantly varied among those of the pure components without synthesis of new materials. As the amorphous phase is the major contributor to the conductivity, then reducing the degree of crystallinity of PEO systems. In the present paper authors presented the results of preliminary investigation mainly interface/ interaction between PMMA and PEO polymers matrixes. 2. Experimental Techniques The blend solid polymer films of Poly(methyl methacrylate), (PMMA), (M.W~15000 SD fine chemicals) and poly(ethylene oxide), PEO (M. W. 2× 10 5 Sigma Aldrich) have been prepared by the solution cast technique. Polymers PMMA and PEO were added accordingly and dissolved in tetra- hydrofuran (THF). The solutions were stirred for several hours until homogeneous solutions were obtained. The solutions were cast onto glass petri dishes and evaporated slowly at room temperature. The films were then transferred into a desiccator for continuous drying. The XRD patterns of the polymer thin films were recorded using an X-ray Diffractometer. The diffraction data were taken at room temperature with the Bragg’s angles (2θ) varying from 10 to 80 degrees. FTIR Spectroscopy measurements of pure PMMA, pure PEO and PMMA/ PEO blend films were recorded with the help of Spectrophotometer-Series II. SEM micrographs of pure PMMA, pure PEO and PMMA/ PEO blend films were taken by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the different polymer films were carried out using DSCQ20 instrument. About 12 mg of each sample was heated for the temperature range varying from 500C to 2000C at a heating rate of 100C.min-1. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. XRD Studies In the present study, the XRD method has been used to study amorphous, crystalline or semi-crystalline nature of the polymers. The XRD pattern of pure PMMA, PMMA+PEO(90:10),PMMA+PEO(80:20) and PMMA+PEO
M. Ravindar Reddy / Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
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(70:30) is shown in Fig.1. The semicrystalline phase of PMMA is evident at 17.30 and 20.70 (Fig.1(a)). The sharp peaks at 19.20 and 23.40in the pure PEO implies that pure PEO has a high degree of crystallinity [8]. It is observed that by increasing the concentration of PEO to PMMA, decreases relative intensity of the peaks observed in pure PMMA which is indicates that the amorphous phase increases in blend films. At higher content of PEO (at 30 wt.%) in PMMA is found to be sharp peaks, which evidenced the phase separation within the blend of PMMA and PEO films.
Fig.1. XRD pattern of (a) Pure PMMA, (b) PMMA+PEO (90:10), (c) PMMA+PEO(80:20) and (d) PMMA+PEO (70:30).
3.2. SEM Analysis
Fig.2. (x2500) magnification SEM images of (a) Pure PMMA, (b) PMMA+PEO(90:10),
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M. Ravindar Reddy/ Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
(c) PMMA+PEO (80:20) and (d) PMMA+PEO (70:30) Surface morphology of pure PMMA and PMMA/PEO blend films of different compositions are presented as in Figure 2. Appearance of rough surface in SEM micrograph of pure PEO was suggested several crystalline domains [9]. The PMMA surface morphology shows rough surface and micro pore structure. The surface morphology changes severely when PEO added to polymer PMMA. Figure 2(b - d) shows the development of surface morphology from smooth to rough with increasing of PEO concentration to PMMA. The surface morphology at 10 wt.% PEO in PMMA is appeared to be smooth matrix of the blend film (See Figure 2b), which is the evidence of satisfactory miscibility between the two polymer matrixes. The smooth morphology is closely related to the interaction/ coordination between the two matrixes of PEO and PMMA due to cross – linking, which indicates that the blend is compatible. At higher content of PEO (at 30 wt.%) in PMMA is found to be rough surface with inhomogeneous composite matrix and phase separation was noticed. 3.3. FT-IR Spectroscopy Analysis FT-IR Spectroscopy is very important spectroscopic tool in the investigation of polymer structures as it determines the occurrence of complexation/ interaction between two polymer matrixes [10-11]. Infrared spectra reported in this work were taken with a Spectrophotometer in the wave number region between 3500 and 500 cm-1. The FTIR spectra of pure PMMA, pure PEO and PMMA/PEO polymer blend are shown in Fig. 3. From Fig. 3 it is clear the addition of PEO to PMMA shows that the some of the bands found to be shifted and intensities of some of the bands are decreased and some are disappeared. It is clear that the characteristic bands of PMMA appeared at 2911 cm-1 (C-H stretching mode), 1333 cm-1 (CH2 deformation), 1254 cm-1 (CH rocking), 959 cm-1 (trans-CH wagging mode), 833 cm-1 (C-Cl stretching mode) and 616 cm-1 (Cis –CH waging) are modified or shifted with the addition of PEO Polymer.
Fig.3.FT-IR Spectra of (a) Pure PMMA, (b)Pure PEO, (c)PMMA+PEO(90:10), (d)PMMA+PEO(80:20) and (e) PMMA+PEO(70:30).
The COC symmetric and asymmetric stretching mode observed around 1100 cm-1 in PEO is found to prominently and modified in its width by blending with PMMA. The apparent COC band of PEO are found to be dominant and also it shifts to higher wave number, when compared to Pure PMMA with PMMA/PEO blend films, which may be due to interaction of PEO and PMMA. If the PEO get coordinated/ interacted with the PMMA, the
M. Ravindar Reddy / Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
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spectral changes are expected to be in COC stretching and deformation modes. The increase in the width of 1100 cm-1 band which is assigned to COC symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching [12-15] suggests the coordination/ interaction between PMMA and PEO matrixes.
3.4. DSC Analysis Figure 4 shows the DSC results of pure PMMA, PEO, and different ratios of blend films of PMMA and PEO. The DSC studies indicated that the melting temperatures (T m) values are listed in Table 1. The melting temperature of PEO and PMMA are found to be 72 and 152 C respectively. The melting temperatures of blend films are found to decreases with blending of PMMA with PEO. The decrease in T m indicates the interaction/ interface between the two matrixes of PEO and PMMA. At higher content of PEO (at 30 wt.%) in PMMA is found to be higher heat flow, which may be due to phase separation. These results corroborates with the results observed in X-RD and SEM studies which evidence of satisfactory miscibility between the two polymer matrixes of PEO and PMMA due to cross – linking and at higher content of PEO (at 30 wt.%) in PMMA is found to be phase separation.
Table.1. DSC data for pure PEO, PMMA and different ratios of PMMA and PEO. Code Pure PEO Pure PMMA PMMA+PEO PMMA+PEO PMMA+PEO
Wt% 100 100 90:10 80:20 70:30
Melting temperature Tm(0C) 72 152 68 60 54
Fig.4. DSC Curves of (a) Pure PEO, (b) Pure PMMA, (c) PMMA+PEO(90:10), (d) PMMA+PEO(80:20) and (e) PMMA+PEO(70:30).
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M. Ravindar Reddy/ Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
4. Conclusions The amorphous or crystalline nature of polymer PMMA and PEO blends has been confirmed by XRD analysis. The SEM micrographs suggest that the surface morphology changes severely when PEO added to PMMA polymer, which indicated the interaction/ interface between the two matrixes of PEO and PMMA due to cross – linking. FT-IR data also suggested the coordination/ interaction between PMMA and PEO matrixes in PMMA/ PEO blend films. Melting temperatures of polymer PMMA shows decrease when PEO added. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Head, BOS, Department of physics, Osmania University, Head, BOS, Department of physics, JNTUH for their encouragement and one of the author MRR thank the Principal, Head(S&H), MVSR Engineering college for their constant support to carryout this work.
References [1] Huang, H. and Talreja, R. (2006) Composites Science and Technology, 66, 2743 [2] P.V. Wright, ―Polymer Electrolytes—The Early Days, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 43, No. 10-11, 1998, pp. 1137- 1143 [3] V. D. Noto, S. Lavina, G. A. Giffin and E. Negro, Polymer Electrolytes: Present, Past and Future, Elec-trochimica Acta,57, 2011, pp. 4- 13 [4] J. Evans and C. A. Vincent, ―Electrochemical Measurement of Transference Numbers in Polymer Electrolytes, Polymer,Vol. 28, No. 13, 1987, pp. 2324-2328 [5] Manoratne, C. H.; Rajapakse, R. M. G.; Dissanayake, M.Int. J. Electrochem. Sci.2006,1, 32 [6] Young, W. -S.; Epps, T. H. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 2672 [7] Chiu, C. -Y.; Chen, H. -W.; Kuo, S. -W.; Huang, C. -F.;Chang, F. -C. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 8424 [8] YU YingHao, JIANG Peng, WANG FuRong, WANG Lefu & LI XueHui, SCIENCE CHINA, 1608-1613 (2012) [9] M. Jaipal Reddy, PP Chu, J. Siva Kumar, U V Subba Rao, J. Power Sources, 161 (2006) 535 [10] W. Wieczorek, J. R. Stevens, Z. Florjanczyk, Solid State Ionics,85 (1996) 76 [11] F. Croce, L. Persi, B. Scrosati,; Serraino-Fiory, F.; Plichta, E.;Hendrickson, M. A. Electrochimica Acta, 46 (2001) 2457 [12] S. H. Chung, Y. Wang, L. Persi, F. Croce, S. G. Greenbaum, B.Scrosati, E. Plichta, J. Power Sources, 97-98 (2001) 644 [13] B. L. Papke, M. A. ratner and D. F. Shriver, J. Electrochem.Soc. 129 (1982) 1434 [14] B. L. Papke, M. A. ratner and D. F. Shriver, J. Phys. Chem.Solids, 42 (1981) 493 [15] S. A. Hashmi, A. Kumar, K. K. Maurya and S. Chandra, J.Phys. D, 23 (1990) 1307
ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
www.materialstoday.com/proceedings
ICMRA 2016
X-RD, SEM, FT-IR, DSC Studies of Polymer Blend Films of PMMA and PEO M. Ravindar Reddya, A. R. Subrahmanyama, M. Maheshwar Reddyb, J. Siva Kumarc , V. Kamalakerd and M. Jaipal Reddyd * a
Department of Sciences & Humanities, MVSR Engineering College, Nadergul, Hyderabad - 501510, Telangana, India Department of Scince & Humanities, Sreenidhi Institute of Science & Technology, Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, R. R. (Dist.)-501301, Telangana, India c Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad – 500007, India d Department Of Physics and Chemistry, Mahathma Gandi institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad - 500 07, Telangana., India b
Abstract Poly (methylmetacrylate)-Poly(ethylene oxide) (PMMA-PEO) polymers blend films were prepared using the solution casting method. The polymer thin films were characterized by X-ray difraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The amorphous or crystalline nature of polymers has been confirmed by XRD analysis. The PMMA surface morphology shows rough surface and micro pore structure. Appearance of rough surface in SEM micrograph of pure PEO was suggested several crystalline domains. The surface morphology changes severely when PEO added to PMMA polymer, which shows the development of surface morphology from smooth to rough with increasing of PEO concentration in PMMA. FT-IR data shows that some of the bands found to be shifted and intensities of some of the bands are decreased and some are disappeared with the addition of PEO to PMMA when compared to pure PMMA and PEO, which suggests the coordination/ interaction between PMMA and PEO matrixes. DSC results showed that the melting temperatures (Tm) of PMMA and PEO blend decreases when compared to pure PEO, PMMA.
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of International conference on materials research and applications-2016. Keywords: PMMA; PEO; XRD; SEM; FTIR; DSC *
[email protected]
2214-7853 © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of International conference on materials research and applications-2016.
3714
M. Ravindar Reddy/ Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
1. Introduction Properties of different polymers will determine the application to which it is appropriate. The chief advantages of polymers are low cost, easy processability, good chemical resistance, and low specific gravity. On the other hand, low strength, low modulus, and low operating temperatures limit their use [1]. To achieve the required valuable properties, blending is suitable technique, in which two/more polymers uniformly mixed with each other. The blending process is very attractive because of its versa-tility, simplicity, inexpensiveness and producing new polymeric materials with modified properties such as morphological, thermal, mechanical, and electrical or degradation behavior can be change by a favorable choice of the second component of the blend without having to synthesize totally new materials. Blending technology has important and valuable applications in various fields of science and engineering. The characterization of interface gives relevant information on interactions between two polymer matrixes in blend polymer system. The mechanical properties of the polymer blends are dependent upon the stability of interfacial region. It is very interesting to study the properties such as specific interactions, miscibility, phase behavior and structure to material properties and performance. Many researchers have worked on several host polymers e.g. poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly (vinyl acetate) (PVA) etc. Among various homopolymers studied, Rigid PMMA chains provide sufficient mechanical stability for the soft PEO segments to achieve improved mechanical performance for solid-state electrolyte applications. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) exhibits excellent ion transport properties due to its high concentration of electron pairs and rapid segmental dynamics. PEO attains high degree of crystallinity, approximately 60%, at room temperature [2-4]. The studies generally incorporate the development of PMMA-based electrolyte composites, copolymers, and blends [5-7]. Polymer blends offer a practical and efficient way to fulfill novel requirements for material properties and applications. Physical properties of polymer blends can be constantly varied among those of the pure components without synthesis of new materials. As the amorphous phase is the major contributor to the conductivity, then reducing the degree of crystallinity of PEO systems. In the present paper authors presented the results of preliminary investigation mainly interface/ interaction between PMMA and PEO polymers matrixes. 2. Experimental Techniques The blend solid polymer films of Poly(methyl methacrylate), (PMMA), (M.W~15000 SD fine chemicals) and poly(ethylene oxide), PEO (M. W. 2× 10 5 Sigma Aldrich) have been prepared by the solution cast technique. Polymers PMMA and PEO were added accordingly and dissolved in tetra- hydrofuran (THF). The solutions were stirred for several hours until homogeneous solutions were obtained. The solutions were cast onto glass petri dishes and evaporated slowly at room temperature. The films were then transferred into a desiccator for continuous drying. The XRD patterns of the polymer thin films were recorded using an X-ray Diffractometer. The diffraction data were taken at room temperature with the Bragg’s angles (2θ) varying from 10 to 80 degrees. FTIR Spectroscopy measurements of pure PMMA, pure PEO and PMMA/ PEO blend films were recorded with the help of Spectrophotometer-Series II. SEM micrographs of pure PMMA, pure PEO and PMMA/ PEO blend films were taken by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the different polymer films were carried out using DSCQ20 instrument. About 12 mg of each sample was heated for the temperature range varying from 500C to 2000C at a heating rate of 100C.min-1. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. XRD Studies In the present study, the XRD method has been used to study amorphous, crystalline or semi-crystalline nature of the polymers. The XRD pattern of pure PMMA, PMMA+PEO(90:10),PMMA+PEO(80:20) and PMMA+PEO
M. Ravindar Reddy / Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
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(70:30) is shown in Fig.1. The semicrystalline phase of PMMA is evident at 17.30 and 20.70 (Fig.1(a)). The sharp peaks at 19.20 and 23.40in the pure PEO implies that pure PEO has a high degree of crystallinity [8]. It is observed that by increasing the concentration of PEO to PMMA, decreases relative intensity of the peaks observed in pure PMMA which is indicates that the amorphous phase increases in blend films. At higher content of PEO (at 30 wt.%) in PMMA is found to be sharp peaks, which evidenced the phase separation within the blend of PMMA and PEO films.
Fig.1. XRD pattern of (a) Pure PMMA, (b) PMMA+PEO (90:10), (c) PMMA+PEO(80:20) and (d) PMMA+PEO (70:30).
3.2. SEM Analysis
Fig.2. (x2500) magnification SEM images of (a) Pure PMMA, (b) PMMA+PEO(90:10),
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M. Ravindar Reddy/ Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
(c) PMMA+PEO (80:20) and (d) PMMA+PEO (70:30) Surface morphology of pure PMMA and PMMA/PEO blend films of different compositions are presented as in Figure 2. Appearance of rough surface in SEM micrograph of pure PEO was suggested several crystalline domains [9]. The PMMA surface morphology shows rough surface and micro pore structure. The surface morphology changes severely when PEO added to polymer PMMA. Figure 2(b - d) shows the development of surface morphology from smooth to rough with increasing of PEO concentration to PMMA. The surface morphology at 10 wt.% PEO in PMMA is appeared to be smooth matrix of the blend film (See Figure 2b), which is the evidence of satisfactory miscibility between the two polymer matrixes. The smooth morphology is closely related to the interaction/ coordination between the two matrixes of PEO and PMMA due to cross – linking, which indicates that the blend is compatible. At higher content of PEO (at 30 wt.%) in PMMA is found to be rough surface with inhomogeneous composite matrix and phase separation was noticed. 3.3. FT-IR Spectroscopy Analysis FT-IR Spectroscopy is very important spectroscopic tool in the investigation of polymer structures as it determines the occurrence of complexation/ interaction between two polymer matrixes [10-11]. Infrared spectra reported in this work were taken with a Spectrophotometer in the wave number region between 3500 and 500 cm-1. The FTIR spectra of pure PMMA, pure PEO and PMMA/PEO polymer blend are shown in Fig. 3. From Fig. 3 it is clear the addition of PEO to PMMA shows that the some of the bands found to be shifted and intensities of some of the bands are decreased and some are disappeared. It is clear that the characteristic bands of PMMA appeared at 2911 cm-1 (C-H stretching mode), 1333 cm-1 (CH2 deformation), 1254 cm-1 (CH rocking), 959 cm-1 (trans-CH wagging mode), 833 cm-1 (C-Cl stretching mode) and 616 cm-1 (Cis –CH waging) are modified or shifted with the addition of PEO Polymer.
Fig.3.FT-IR Spectra of (a) Pure PMMA, (b)Pure PEO, (c)PMMA+PEO(90:10), (d)PMMA+PEO(80:20) and (e) PMMA+PEO(70:30).
The COC symmetric and asymmetric stretching mode observed around 1100 cm-1 in PEO is found to prominently and modified in its width by blending with PMMA. The apparent COC band of PEO are found to be dominant and also it shifts to higher wave number, when compared to Pure PMMA with PMMA/PEO blend films, which may be due to interaction of PEO and PMMA. If the PEO get coordinated/ interacted with the PMMA, the
M. Ravindar Reddy / Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
3717
spectral changes are expected to be in COC stretching and deformation modes. The increase in the width of 1100 cm-1 band which is assigned to COC symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching [12-15] suggests the coordination/ interaction between PMMA and PEO matrixes.
3.4. DSC Analysis Figure 4 shows the DSC results of pure PMMA, PEO, and different ratios of blend films of PMMA and PEO. The DSC studies indicated that the melting temperatures (T m) values are listed in Table 1. The melting temperature of PEO and PMMA are found to be 72 and 152 C respectively. The melting temperatures of blend films are found to decreases with blending of PMMA with PEO. The decrease in T m indicates the interaction/ interface between the two matrixes of PEO and PMMA. At higher content of PEO (at 30 wt.%) in PMMA is found to be higher heat flow, which may be due to phase separation. These results corroborates with the results observed in X-RD and SEM studies which evidence of satisfactory miscibility between the two polymer matrixes of PEO and PMMA due to cross – linking and at higher content of PEO (at 30 wt.%) in PMMA is found to be phase separation.
Table.1. DSC data for pure PEO, PMMA and different ratios of PMMA and PEO. Code Pure PEO Pure PMMA PMMA+PEO PMMA+PEO PMMA+PEO
Wt% 100 100 90:10 80:20 70:30
Melting temperature Tm(0C) 72 152 68 60 54
Fig.4. DSC Curves of (a) Pure PEO, (b) Pure PMMA, (c) PMMA+PEO(90:10), (d) PMMA+PEO(80:20) and (e) PMMA+PEO(70:30).
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M. Ravindar Reddy/ Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3713–3718
4. Conclusions The amorphous or crystalline nature of polymer PMMA and PEO blends has been confirmed by XRD analysis. The SEM micrographs suggest that the surface morphology changes severely when PEO added to PMMA polymer, which indicated the interaction/ interface between the two matrixes of PEO and PMMA due to cross – linking. FT-IR data also suggested the coordination/ interaction between PMMA and PEO matrixes in PMMA/ PEO blend films. Melting temperatures of polymer PMMA shows decrease when PEO added. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Head, BOS, Department of physics, Osmania University, Head, BOS, Department of physics, JNTUH for their encouragement and one of the author MRR thank the Principal, Head(S&H), MVSR Engineering college for their constant support to carryout this work.
References [1] Huang, H. and Talreja, R. (2006) Composites Science and Technology, 66, 2743 [2] P.V. Wright, ―Polymer Electrolytes—The Early Days, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 43, No. 10-11, 1998, pp. 1137- 1143 [3] V. D. Noto, S. Lavina, G. A. Giffin and E. Negro, Polymer Electrolytes: Present, Past and Future, Elec-trochimica Acta,57, 2011, pp. 4- 13 [4] J. Evans and C. A. Vincent, ―Electrochemical Measurement of Transference Numbers in Polymer Electrolytes, Polymer,Vol. 28, No. 13, 1987, pp. 2324-2328 [5] Manoratne, C. H.; Rajapakse, R. M. G.; Dissanayake, M.Int. J. Electrochem. Sci.2006,1, 32 [6] Young, W. -S.; Epps, T. H. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 2672 [7] Chiu, C. -Y.; Chen, H. -W.; Kuo, S. -W.; Huang, C. -F.;Chang, F. -C. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 8424 [8] YU YingHao, JIANG Peng, WANG FuRong, WANG Lefu & LI XueHui, SCIENCE CHINA, 1608-1613 (2012) [9] M. Jaipal Reddy, PP Chu, J. Siva Kumar, U V Subba Rao, J. Power Sources, 161 (2006) 535 [10] W. Wieczorek, J. R. Stevens, Z. Florjanczyk, Solid State Ionics,85 (1996) 76 [11] F. Croce, L. Persi, B. Scrosati,; Serraino-Fiory, F.; Plichta, E.;Hendrickson, M. A. Electrochimica Acta, 46 (2001) 2457 [12] S. H. Chung, Y. Wang, L. Persi, F. Croce, S. G. Greenbaum, B.Scrosati, E. Plichta, J. Power Sources, 97-98 (2001) 644 [13] B. L. Papke, M. A. ratner and D. F. Shriver, J. Electrochem.Soc. 129 (1982) 1434 [14] B. L. Papke, M. A. ratner and D. F. Shriver, J. Phys. Chem.Solids, 42 (1981) 493 [15] S. A. Hashmi, A. Kumar, K. K. Maurya and S. Chandra, J.Phys. D, 23 (1990) 1307