- Email: [email protected]
Year in Review – Osteoarthritis Biology
Abstracts / Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 25 (2017) S1eS7
- Although it is not indicated to perform MRI on a routine clinical basis to assess osteoarthritis, awareness of the MRI features of osteoarthritis could enhance the radiologist’s report of (knee) MRI in light of the increasing numbers of MRI performed in middle-aged patients. - Novel MR imaging techniques for osteoarthritis are promising, but need further optimization and validation before they can be implemented routinely in OA research and patient care. I-22 YEAR IN REVIEW e REHABILITATION AND OUTCOMES D. Schiphof, J.J. van den Driest, J. Runhaar. Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands The purpose of this review is to highlight studies examining rehabilitation for osteoarthritis (OA) published between April 2016 and March 2017. We will conduct a systematic search of the literature including systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions on pain and function. Key words in the search will include osteoarthritis; systematic review; randomized controlled trial. Inclusion criteria will be a systematic review or a randomized controlled trial, human OA patients, rehabilitation such as physiotherapy (physical therapy), exercise, bracing, lateral wedges, insoles, taping, acupuncture, combined therapies, electrotherapy, spa therapy, manual therapy, laser therapy, published in English. Excluded will be protocols for RCTs, abstracts without a full articles, conference proceedings, papers that replicated data from another article (secondary analyses from RCTs were eligible), oral or injectable medications, nutraceuticals and dietary weight loss (unless accompanied by exercise). This review will highlight a selection of studies based on their quality and perceived importance to the field including those that are innovative, inform the direction of the field or generate controversy. I-23 YEAR IN REVIEW e OSTEOARTHRITIS BIOLOGY T. Appleton. Western Univ., Canada, London, ON, Canada Purpose: To present highlights from the published literature on the biology of osteoarthritis (OA). A particular focus on pathophysiology of different OA phenotypes was made. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted in order to locate original research manuscripts published since the last OARSI meeting in 2016. Results: From review of the published literature, recent developments emerging as active areas of research over the past year include studies in the areas of OA-related pain sensitization particularly in animal models of OA, cartilage and chondrocyte physiology including autophagy, Wnt signaling, FGF signaling, and an emerging role for noncoding RNAs and epigenetics in the maintenance of homeostasis of multiple joint tissues. Once again, inflammation played a prominent role among studies in OA biology. Conclusions: Key findings and implications for potential future therapies are summarized and discussed. 1-24 YEAR IN REVIEW e CLINICAL A.E. Nelson. Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Clinical research and epidemiologic studies in osteoarthritis over the past year will be discussed, utilizing articles identified through systematic review of the literature (using such terms as: osteoarthritis, epidemiology, treatment) from April 2016 to March 2017. I-25 YEAR IN REVIEW e GENETICS/GENOMICS AND EPIGENETICS M.J. Peffers. Univ. of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom The purpose of this review is to describe highlights from original research publications related to genetics, genomics and epigenetics with the intention of recognising significant advances. To identify relevant papers a Pubmed search was conducted for articles published between April 2016 and January 2017 using the search terms ‘osteoarthritis’ together with ‘genetics’, ‘genomics’, ‘epigenetics’, ‘microrna’, ‘lncRNA’, ‘DNA methylation’ and ‘histone modification’. The search term osteoarthritis generated almost 4000 references. Publications using the combination of descriptors osteoarthritis and genetics provided the most references (82 references). However this was reduced compared to the
S7
same period in the previous year; 8.1% to 2.1% (expressed as a percentage of the total publications combining the terms osteoarthritis and genetics). Publications combining the terms osteoarthritis with genomics (19 references), epigenetics (13 references), lncRNA (10 references), DNA methylation (18 references), histone modification (3 references) and microrna (50 references) were reviewed. There continues to be a year on year increase in publications researching microRNAs in osteoarthritis (expressed as a percentage of the total publications), with a doubling over the last 4 years. Selected studies chosen from the latest publications of high significance to osteoarthritis will be discussed. I-26 YEAR IN REVIEW e BIOMARKERS F.E. Watt. Kennedy Inst. of Rheumatology, Univ. of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Purpose: To summarise important findings from biomarker studies relevant to osteoarthritis (OA), published from April 2016 to March 2017; to consider these findings in the context of new trends and technologies, and clinical and scientific need in OA. Methods: Studies were selected from a PubMed search conducted between 01/04/2016-01/03/2017. MeSH terms [biomarker] AND [osteoarthritis] were used; the search was restricted to English language and Full Text Available publications. Any biomarker was considered, including non-protein biomarkers: measurement of analytes in tissues or fluids relevant to OA pathogenesis and other clinical measurements which could represent novel biomarkers were also considered. Results: Studies were reviewed in 4 sub-groups: 1) An update on studies examining FNIH OA Biomarkers Consortium panel of biomarkers, particularly their ongoing application and qualification. Papers presenting control reference intervals, work on predictive validity and other longitudinal studies examining prognostic value of biomarkers in large cohorts are reviewed. 2) Novel studies measuring inflammatory biomarkers are overviewed, including complement, the performance of newer markers and studies in hand OA. 3) Non-protein based biomarkers, such as total/ mRNA, circulating non-coding RNAs, epigenetic markers and metabolomics; and 4) Discovery studies and those which illustrate new technologies or new multiplexing strategies are highlighted. Conclusions: Characterisation and qualification of various biomarkers is ongoing; several novel protein and non-protein candidate biomarkers have been reported this year. An ongoing desire to be able to stratify the disease arises from a real unmet clinical need to do so. Biomarkers may provide us with an opportunity to do this, via established panels or new discovery approaches employing array technology suited to large sample numbers. When focussing on OA, we should learn from related diseases and disciplines; large well-designed studies will enable us to maximise what biomarkers can tell us about underlying disease state and the potential for response to certain types of therapy. Biomarkers should not be considered in isolation; what they add to clinical measurements, imaging or other data either singly or as a group must be considered early. Consideration of novel types of biomarker, improving quality standards for sampling and testing across studies, and the ability to measure large numbers of molecules simultaneously in large cohorts and populations would all seem likely to bring about clinically applicable biomarkers, which are much needed in this disease. I-27 YEAR IN REVIEW - MECHANICS Y. Wang. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, MA The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight recent advances on the topic of mechanics and mechanobiology of connective tissues in the synovial joint. A systematic literature review has been conducted using PubMed to identify research manuscripts published (or epub-online) between January 2016 to March 2017. The search terms osteoarthritis or cartilage AND mechanics or biomechanics or mechano produced 305 results. Overlapping themes in these manuscripts include clinical studies of gait and joint kinematics in response to mechanical damage/ interventions, new animal models of joint loading, mechanotransduction, and cell and matrix mechanics. Progress has also been made on understanding how biomechanical forces affect chondrocytes in normal cartilage and in engineered tissue. This review will also summarize recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between mechanical changes on the tissue, cellular, and molecular level and the progression of osteoarthritis.
- Although it is not indicated to perform MRI on a routine clinical basis to assess osteoarthritis, awareness of the MRI features of osteoarthritis could enhance the radiologist’s report of (knee) MRI in light of the increasing numbers of MRI performed in middle-aged patients. - Novel MR imaging techniques for osteoarthritis are promising, but need further optimization and validation before they can be implemented routinely in OA research and patient care. I-22 YEAR IN REVIEW e REHABILITATION AND OUTCOMES D. Schiphof, J.J. van den Driest, J. Runhaar. Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands The purpose of this review is to highlight studies examining rehabilitation for osteoarthritis (OA) published between April 2016 and March 2017. We will conduct a systematic search of the literature including systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions on pain and function. Key words in the search will include osteoarthritis; systematic review; randomized controlled trial. Inclusion criteria will be a systematic review or a randomized controlled trial, human OA patients, rehabilitation such as physiotherapy (physical therapy), exercise, bracing, lateral wedges, insoles, taping, acupuncture, combined therapies, electrotherapy, spa therapy, manual therapy, laser therapy, published in English. Excluded will be protocols for RCTs, abstracts without a full articles, conference proceedings, papers that replicated data from another article (secondary analyses from RCTs were eligible), oral or injectable medications, nutraceuticals and dietary weight loss (unless accompanied by exercise). This review will highlight a selection of studies based on their quality and perceived importance to the field including those that are innovative, inform the direction of the field or generate controversy. I-23 YEAR IN REVIEW e OSTEOARTHRITIS BIOLOGY T. Appleton. Western Univ., Canada, London, ON, Canada Purpose: To present highlights from the published literature on the biology of osteoarthritis (OA). A particular focus on pathophysiology of different OA phenotypes was made. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted in order to locate original research manuscripts published since the last OARSI meeting in 2016. Results: From review of the published literature, recent developments emerging as active areas of research over the past year include studies in the areas of OA-related pain sensitization particularly in animal models of OA, cartilage and chondrocyte physiology including autophagy, Wnt signaling, FGF signaling, and an emerging role for noncoding RNAs and epigenetics in the maintenance of homeostasis of multiple joint tissues. Once again, inflammation played a prominent role among studies in OA biology. Conclusions: Key findings and implications for potential future therapies are summarized and discussed. 1-24 YEAR IN REVIEW e CLINICAL A.E. Nelson. Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Clinical research and epidemiologic studies in osteoarthritis over the past year will be discussed, utilizing articles identified through systematic review of the literature (using such terms as: osteoarthritis, epidemiology, treatment) from April 2016 to March 2017. I-25 YEAR IN REVIEW e GENETICS/GENOMICS AND EPIGENETICS M.J. Peffers. Univ. of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom The purpose of this review is to describe highlights from original research publications related to genetics, genomics and epigenetics with the intention of recognising significant advances. To identify relevant papers a Pubmed search was conducted for articles published between April 2016 and January 2017 using the search terms ‘osteoarthritis’ together with ‘genetics’, ‘genomics’, ‘epigenetics’, ‘microrna’, ‘lncRNA’, ‘DNA methylation’ and ‘histone modification’. The search term osteoarthritis generated almost 4000 references. Publications using the combination of descriptors osteoarthritis and genetics provided the most references (82 references). However this was reduced compared to the
S7
same period in the previous year; 8.1% to 2.1% (expressed as a percentage of the total publications combining the terms osteoarthritis and genetics). Publications combining the terms osteoarthritis with genomics (19 references), epigenetics (13 references), lncRNA (10 references), DNA methylation (18 references), histone modification (3 references) and microrna (50 references) were reviewed. There continues to be a year on year increase in publications researching microRNAs in osteoarthritis (expressed as a percentage of the total publications), with a doubling over the last 4 years. Selected studies chosen from the latest publications of high significance to osteoarthritis will be discussed. I-26 YEAR IN REVIEW e BIOMARKERS F.E. Watt. Kennedy Inst. of Rheumatology, Univ. of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Purpose: To summarise important findings from biomarker studies relevant to osteoarthritis (OA), published from April 2016 to March 2017; to consider these findings in the context of new trends and technologies, and clinical and scientific need in OA. Methods: Studies were selected from a PubMed search conducted between 01/04/2016-01/03/2017. MeSH terms [biomarker] AND [osteoarthritis] were used; the search was restricted to English language and Full Text Available publications. Any biomarker was considered, including non-protein biomarkers: measurement of analytes in tissues or fluids relevant to OA pathogenesis and other clinical measurements which could represent novel biomarkers were also considered. Results: Studies were reviewed in 4 sub-groups: 1) An update on studies examining FNIH OA Biomarkers Consortium panel of biomarkers, particularly their ongoing application and qualification. Papers presenting control reference intervals, work on predictive validity and other longitudinal studies examining prognostic value of biomarkers in large cohorts are reviewed. 2) Novel studies measuring inflammatory biomarkers are overviewed, including complement, the performance of newer markers and studies in hand OA. 3) Non-protein based biomarkers, such as total/ mRNA, circulating non-coding RNAs, epigenetic markers and metabolomics; and 4) Discovery studies and those which illustrate new technologies or new multiplexing strategies are highlighted. Conclusions: Characterisation and qualification of various biomarkers is ongoing; several novel protein and non-protein candidate biomarkers have been reported this year. An ongoing desire to be able to stratify the disease arises from a real unmet clinical need to do so. Biomarkers may provide us with an opportunity to do this, via established panels or new discovery approaches employing array technology suited to large sample numbers. When focussing on OA, we should learn from related diseases and disciplines; large well-designed studies will enable us to maximise what biomarkers can tell us about underlying disease state and the potential for response to certain types of therapy. Biomarkers should not be considered in isolation; what they add to clinical measurements, imaging or other data either singly or as a group must be considered early. Consideration of novel types of biomarker, improving quality standards for sampling and testing across studies, and the ability to measure large numbers of molecules simultaneously in large cohorts and populations would all seem likely to bring about clinically applicable biomarkers, which are much needed in this disease. I-27 YEAR IN REVIEW - MECHANICS Y. Wang. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, MA The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight recent advances on the topic of mechanics and mechanobiology of connective tissues in the synovial joint. A systematic literature review has been conducted using PubMed to identify research manuscripts published (or epub-online) between January 2016 to March 2017. The search terms osteoarthritis or cartilage AND mechanics or biomechanics or mechano produced 305 results. Overlapping themes in these manuscripts include clinical studies of gait and joint kinematics in response to mechanical damage/ interventions, new animal models of joint loading, mechanotransduction, and cell and matrix mechanics. Progress has also been made on understanding how biomechanical forces affect chondrocytes in normal cartilage and in engineered tissue. This review will also summarize recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between mechanical changes on the tissue, cellular, and molecular level and the progression of osteoarthritis.