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Yesterday, today, and tomorrow on the coal gasification technologies
04
96/02573 Rapid hydropyrolysis studies on coal and maceral concentrates Strugnel1, B. and Patrick, J. W. Fuel, Feb. 1996, 75, (3), 300-306. The primary devolatilization product distributions resulting from the rapid pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis of three coals and associated maceral concentrates were studied to assess the influence of coal and maceral type on reactivity and product formation. The influence of hydrogen on total product yield depended on both coal type and maceral group. In comparison with vitrinite and exinite concentrates, inertinite maceral concentrates showed high reactivity to hydrogen at high temperatures. 96/02574 Recent development of Texaco gasification technology and its applications Tsujino, T. Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1995, 74, (8), 682-690. (In Japanese) Discusses recent developments of the Texaco gasification technology, and its application. Topics include processing of petroleum residues or coal liquid residues to generate electric power, steam, and H2; in addition to processing of waste plastics, tyres, and wastewater treatment sludges for recycling. 96/02575 Recent progress of development of coal gasification technology lshimori, M. Nipp on Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1995, 74, (8), 673·681. (In Japanese) Discusses recent progress on development of coal gasification technology, especially on integrated coal gasification combined-cycle systems for power generation. 96/02576 Steam gasification of coals with calcium hydroxide Ohtseka, Y. and Asami, K. En ergy Fuels, 1995,9, (6), 1038-1042. Steam gasification of 16 coals with different ranks and sulphur contents was carried out isothermally at 873-973 K in the presence of Ca(OHh with a thermobalance. The catalyst at 5 w1.% Ca promotes the gasification of all the coals. The calcium on low-rank coals giving moderate reactivities without catalyst shows large rate enhancement, which leads to complete gasification within 30 min at 973 K and lowers the gasification temperature by 110-150 K. 96/02577 Suggested policies to encourage coalbed methane development In China Maoyuan, S. and Shengchu, H. Na tural R esources F orum , Feb. 1996, 20, (1), 49-57. The development of coalbed methane in the People's Repubic of China has been selected by the Ministry of Coal Industry as a key strategic project within the coal industry. However, before the recovery of coalbed methane can reash its full economic potential, a number of constraints need to be overcome. Such constraints include the lack of policy framework, and of capital for project investments and equipment. Also needed is additional information on and experience with relevant technologies. Market mechanisms in China are not yet perfected during this initial period of transition to a market economy. The paper examines internationally adopted, or proposed, policies that promote coalbed methane recovery; it then d escrib~s international activities that promote coalbed methane development 10 China; and finally presents options particularly suitable for expanding coalbed methane developmment. 96/02578 Utilization of coalbed methane Gustavson, J. B. Na tural Resources Forum, Feb. 1996, 20, (1), 59-68. Substantial progress has been made in capturing coalbed methane, which constitutes a valuable source of clean burning energy. It is of utmost importance to recognize and study the various potential uses of coalbed methane and to understand the various technologies required, as well as their economics and any institutional constraints. In industralized countries, the uses of coalbed methane are almost solely dependent on microeconomics; coalbed methane most compete for a market against natural gas and other energy sources - and frequently, coalbed methane is not competitive with other energy sources. In developing countries, on the other hand, particularly in countries where other sources of energy are 10 scarce supply, coalbed methane economics yields predictably positive results. The paper outlines the economics of coalbed methane utilization. 96/02579 Yesterday, today , and tomor row on the coal gasification technologies Ikeda, Y. Nippon Enerugi Gakka ishi, 1995, 74, (8), 666-672. (In Japanese) The paper discusses the development, present state, and future trend of coal gasification technology.
By-products related to fuels
04 BY-PRODUCTS RELATED TO FUELS 96/02580 Activation of Canadian coals In a fixed-bed reactor and an internally stirred horizontal kiln Dalai, A. K. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1996, 75, (3), 384-392. Activation of a lignite, a subbituminous coal and a high-volatile bituminous coal was studied using a fixed-bed reactor and an internally stirred horizontal kiln, the latter being designed to control dusting problems encountered in handling finely divided coal. The properties of the activated carbons were determined by measuring iodine, methylene blue and phenol numbers, specific surface areas, bulk density, mercury and nitrogen porosities and ash and mineral contents. 96/02581 Adsorbents from coal and shale-processing products Pilonov a, Y. V. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (5), 54-59. (In Russian) Describes how liquid shale-processing products, i.e., phenols or their solution in technical purity furfural are used as binder for carbon adsorbents with high mechanical strength, microporosity, and increased sorption capacity. 96/02582 Adsorption of CO2 and S02 on activated carbons with a wide range of micropore size distribution Molina-Sabio, M. et al., Carbon, 1995,33, (12), 1777-1782. The adsorption isotherms of N2 at 17K, CO2 at 251, 273 and 2981(, and SO] at 262 and 273K have been determined on a series of physically activated carbons with a wide range of micropore size distributions. Since the series includes carbons with very high burn-off, it shows the problems involved in the characterization of rnicroporsity in superactivated carbons. On the other hand, the results show that the carbon surface-adsorbate interaction for S02 at low relative pressure are weaker than for N2 and CO2 as a result of the strong adsorptive-adsorptive interactions in the bulk gas phase. 96/02583 Adsorption propertIes of activated carbons from Egyptian lignite Youssef, A. M. et aI., Bull. Natl. Res. Cent. (Egypt), 1995,20, ( I), 29-38. 96/02584 Analyses and utilization of fly ash from desulfurlzatlon of waste gases from the Rybnlk power station Kapuscinski, T. et al., Przegl. Gorn ., 1995, 51, (3), 21-23. (In Polish) Micrdscopic and X-ray examination of the fly ash chemical phases and granulometric analysis were carried out. Based on the results the fly ash was found to suitable for the manufacture of ceramic building materials with good insulation properties. 96/02585 Apparatus for separating carbon from coal ash Komatsu, S. et al., (Assigned 10) Mi tsubi sh i Materia ls Corp., l AP . Pal. I P.07,213,950, Aug. 1995.
96/02586 Application of high-volume fly ash concrete to marine structures Suzuki, T. Chem . Ecol., 1995, 10, (3), 249-258. Describes the developmentof a new material with a high content of fly ash named 'Ashcrete' . To examine the applicability of Ashcrete to marine structures, strength characteristics, resistance to sea water attack, and safety in the marine environment have been studied. Discusses the results obtained from the study. 96/02587 Benzoate adsorption onto activated carbons from Northern Ireland lignite Allen, S. 1. and Balasunndararn, V. [Chemi: Res. Evem. lst Eur. Conf YOllng Res. Chem. Eng., InSI. Chem. Eng., Rugby, UK, 1995, 1,462-465. Reports on the adsorption of sodium benzoate on 5 activated carbons made from Northern Ireland lignite. A two-stage process consisting of chemical activation during charring of the lignite, followed by steam activation was used to produce the activated carbons. 96/02586 The Carnol process for CO2 mitigation from power plants and the transportation sector Steinberg, M. Energy Con versoMgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996,37, (6), 843-848. A COl mitigation process is developed which converts waste CO2, primarily recovered from coal-fired power plant stack gases with natural gas, to produce methanol as a liquid fuel and coproduct carbon as a materials commodity. The Carnol process chemistry consists of methane decomposition to produce hydrogen which is catalytically reacted with the recovered waste COl to produce methanol. The carbon is either stored or sold as a materials commodity. A process design is modelled and mass and energy balances are presented as a function of reactor pressure and temperature conditions.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
183
96/02573 Rapid hydropyrolysis studies on coal and maceral concentrates Strugnel1, B. and Patrick, J. W. Fuel, Feb. 1996, 75, (3), 300-306. The primary devolatilization product distributions resulting from the rapid pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis of three coals and associated maceral concentrates were studied to assess the influence of coal and maceral type on reactivity and product formation. The influence of hydrogen on total product yield depended on both coal type and maceral group. In comparison with vitrinite and exinite concentrates, inertinite maceral concentrates showed high reactivity to hydrogen at high temperatures. 96/02574 Recent development of Texaco gasification technology and its applications Tsujino, T. Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1995, 74, (8), 682-690. (In Japanese) Discusses recent developments of the Texaco gasification technology, and its application. Topics include processing of petroleum residues or coal liquid residues to generate electric power, steam, and H2; in addition to processing of waste plastics, tyres, and wastewater treatment sludges for recycling. 96/02575 Recent progress of development of coal gasification technology lshimori, M. Nipp on Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1995, 74, (8), 673·681. (In Japanese) Discusses recent progress on development of coal gasification technology, especially on integrated coal gasification combined-cycle systems for power generation. 96/02576 Steam gasification of coals with calcium hydroxide Ohtseka, Y. and Asami, K. En ergy Fuels, 1995,9, (6), 1038-1042. Steam gasification of 16 coals with different ranks and sulphur contents was carried out isothermally at 873-973 K in the presence of Ca(OHh with a thermobalance. The catalyst at 5 w1.% Ca promotes the gasification of all the coals. The calcium on low-rank coals giving moderate reactivities without catalyst shows large rate enhancement, which leads to complete gasification within 30 min at 973 K and lowers the gasification temperature by 110-150 K. 96/02577 Suggested policies to encourage coalbed methane development In China Maoyuan, S. and Shengchu, H. Na tural R esources F orum , Feb. 1996, 20, (1), 49-57. The development of coalbed methane in the People's Repubic of China has been selected by the Ministry of Coal Industry as a key strategic project within the coal industry. However, before the recovery of coalbed methane can reash its full economic potential, a number of constraints need to be overcome. Such constraints include the lack of policy framework, and of capital for project investments and equipment. Also needed is additional information on and experience with relevant technologies. Market mechanisms in China are not yet perfected during this initial period of transition to a market economy. The paper examines internationally adopted, or proposed, policies that promote coalbed methane recovery; it then d escrib~s international activities that promote coalbed methane development 10 China; and finally presents options particularly suitable for expanding coalbed methane developmment. 96/02578 Utilization of coalbed methane Gustavson, J. B. Na tural Resources Forum, Feb. 1996, 20, (1), 59-68. Substantial progress has been made in capturing coalbed methane, which constitutes a valuable source of clean burning energy. It is of utmost importance to recognize and study the various potential uses of coalbed methane and to understand the various technologies required, as well as their economics and any institutional constraints. In industralized countries, the uses of coalbed methane are almost solely dependent on microeconomics; coalbed methane most compete for a market against natural gas and other energy sources - and frequently, coalbed methane is not competitive with other energy sources. In developing countries, on the other hand, particularly in countries where other sources of energy are 10 scarce supply, coalbed methane economics yields predictably positive results. The paper outlines the economics of coalbed methane utilization. 96/02579 Yesterday, today , and tomor row on the coal gasification technologies Ikeda, Y. Nippon Enerugi Gakka ishi, 1995, 74, (8), 666-672. (In Japanese) The paper discusses the development, present state, and future trend of coal gasification technology.
By-products related to fuels
04 BY-PRODUCTS RELATED TO FUELS 96/02580 Activation of Canadian coals In a fixed-bed reactor and an internally stirred horizontal kiln Dalai, A. K. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1996, 75, (3), 384-392. Activation of a lignite, a subbituminous coal and a high-volatile bituminous coal was studied using a fixed-bed reactor and an internally stirred horizontal kiln, the latter being designed to control dusting problems encountered in handling finely divided coal. The properties of the activated carbons were determined by measuring iodine, methylene blue and phenol numbers, specific surface areas, bulk density, mercury and nitrogen porosities and ash and mineral contents. 96/02581 Adsorbents from coal and shale-processing products Pilonov a, Y. V. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (5), 54-59. (In Russian) Describes how liquid shale-processing products, i.e., phenols or their solution in technical purity furfural are used as binder for carbon adsorbents with high mechanical strength, microporosity, and increased sorption capacity. 96/02582 Adsorption of CO2 and S02 on activated carbons with a wide range of micropore size distribution Molina-Sabio, M. et al., Carbon, 1995,33, (12), 1777-1782. The adsorption isotherms of N2 at 17K, CO2 at 251, 273 and 2981(, and SO] at 262 and 273K have been determined on a series of physically activated carbons with a wide range of micropore size distributions. Since the series includes carbons with very high burn-off, it shows the problems involved in the characterization of rnicroporsity in superactivated carbons. On the other hand, the results show that the carbon surface-adsorbate interaction for S02 at low relative pressure are weaker than for N2 and CO2 as a result of the strong adsorptive-adsorptive interactions in the bulk gas phase. 96/02583 Adsorption propertIes of activated carbons from Egyptian lignite Youssef, A. M. et aI., Bull. Natl. Res. Cent. (Egypt), 1995,20, ( I), 29-38. 96/02584 Analyses and utilization of fly ash from desulfurlzatlon of waste gases from the Rybnlk power station Kapuscinski, T. et al., Przegl. Gorn ., 1995, 51, (3), 21-23. (In Polish) Micrdscopic and X-ray examination of the fly ash chemical phases and granulometric analysis were carried out. Based on the results the fly ash was found to suitable for the manufacture of ceramic building materials with good insulation properties. 96/02585 Apparatus for separating carbon from coal ash Komatsu, S. et al., (Assigned 10) Mi tsubi sh i Materia ls Corp., l AP . Pal. I P.07,213,950, Aug. 1995.
96/02586 Application of high-volume fly ash concrete to marine structures Suzuki, T. Chem . Ecol., 1995, 10, (3), 249-258. Describes the developmentof a new material with a high content of fly ash named 'Ashcrete' . To examine the applicability of Ashcrete to marine structures, strength characteristics, resistance to sea water attack, and safety in the marine environment have been studied. Discusses the results obtained from the study. 96/02587 Benzoate adsorption onto activated carbons from Northern Ireland lignite Allen, S. 1. and Balasunndararn, V. [Chemi: Res. Evem. lst Eur. Conf YOllng Res. Chem. Eng., InSI. Chem. Eng., Rugby, UK, 1995, 1,462-465. Reports on the adsorption of sodium benzoate on 5 activated carbons made from Northern Ireland lignite. A two-stage process consisting of chemical activation during charring of the lignite, followed by steam activation was used to produce the activated carbons. 96/02586 The Carnol process for CO2 mitigation from power plants and the transportation sector Steinberg, M. Energy Con versoMgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996,37, (6), 843-848. A COl mitigation process is developed which converts waste CO2, primarily recovered from coal-fired power plant stack gases with natural gas, to produce methanol as a liquid fuel and coproduct carbon as a materials commodity. The Carnol process chemistry consists of methane decomposition to produce hydrogen which is catalytically reacted with the recovered waste COl to produce methanol. The carbon is either stored or sold as a materials commodity. A process design is modelled and mass and energy balances are presented as a function of reactor pressure and temperature conditions.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
183