- Email: [email protected]
Young driver risk taking: A description of dangerous driving situations among 16- to 19-year-old drivers
up probes 2-3 months later found safety belt use to occur during 75% to 96% of the observations. Parent Questionnaires indicated the generalizability and social validity of the program.
Promoting Child Passenger Safety: A Comparison of Two Positive Methods. M. C. Roberts and D. A. Layfield, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 1987, 12(2), 257-271. The present investigation examined the comparative influence on increasing usage of child safety devices (CSD) by rewarding children for their use of the devices and by informing parents about possible improved behavior exhibited by children when they are buckled up. The subjects were children aged 6 months through 6 years at two day care centers. The mean age of the children was 3.8 years at Center I and 3.7 years at Center II. Observations of safety device use were conducted when children arrived at the centers in the morning. Four stages of the study were implemented at each center with sequential combinations of conditions: Baseline, Reward, Behavioral Improvement Emphasis, and Return to Baseline. The procedure of informing parents about possible improved behavior exhibited by secured children had minimal effect on increasing the number of children in CSDs. However, rewarding children for their use of CSDs significantly influenced usage. Rewarding children for being in CSDs also positively influenced driver rates of seat belt use.
Recognizing the Common Problem of Child Automobile Restraint Misuse. Pediatrics, 1988, 81(5), 717- 720. The effectiveness of safety restraints in protecting children from motor vehicle injuries has been well documented, prompting all states to require that child passengers ride in appropriate restraints. Although the prevalence of child restraint device use has increased following the passage of child restraint device laws, many drivers use restraints incorrectly on their child passengers. Child health providers, day-care 42
workers, teachers, and others who have regular contact with children have the opportunity and the responsibility to maximize the effectiveness of child restraint devices. The purpose of this article is to describe the incorrect use observed in a large sample of child passengers. This information should assist individuals in educating drivers about the proper use of child restraint devices.
Young Driver Risk Taking: A Description of Dangerous Driving Situations Among 16- to 19-Year-Old Drivers. J. A. Furrow, The International Journal of the Addictions, 1987, 22(12), 1255-1267. Dangerous drinking and driving situations contribute heavily to morbidity and mortality among older adolescents. One hundred ninety-two high school drivers related 662 dangerous driving incidents (430 by males, 232 by females) in which they were involved in the preceding 6 months. Dangerous driving incidents were characterized by reckless intent, driving late at night, riding with other peers involving alcohol and drugs, reporting impaired driving, and distractions in the car. Adolescent drivers are commonly involved in dangerous drinking-driving situations with peers and without significant consequences. There are points along the continuum leading up to, during, and after such events that offer opportunities for significant prevention and intervention. Such strategies are reviewed.
Occupational
Safety
Fetal Death and Work in Pregnancy. A. D. McDonald, J. C. McDonald, B. Armstrong, N. M. Cherry, R. Cote, J. Lavoie, A. D. Nolin, and D. Robert, British Journal of Zndustrial Medicine, 1988, 45(5), 148-157. The relation between spontaneous abortion (n=5,010), stillbirth without congenital defect (n=210), and working conditions was analyzed in 22,613 previous pregnancies of 56,067 women interviewed, 1982-84,
Journal of Safety Research
Promoting Child Passenger Safety: A Comparison of Two Positive Methods. M. C. Roberts and D. A. Layfield, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 1987, 12(2), 257-271. The present investigation examined the comparative influence on increasing usage of child safety devices (CSD) by rewarding children for their use of the devices and by informing parents about possible improved behavior exhibited by children when they are buckled up. The subjects were children aged 6 months through 6 years at two day care centers. The mean age of the children was 3.8 years at Center I and 3.7 years at Center II. Observations of safety device use were conducted when children arrived at the centers in the morning. Four stages of the study were implemented at each center with sequential combinations of conditions: Baseline, Reward, Behavioral Improvement Emphasis, and Return to Baseline. The procedure of informing parents about possible improved behavior exhibited by secured children had minimal effect on increasing the number of children in CSDs. However, rewarding children for their use of CSDs significantly influenced usage. Rewarding children for being in CSDs also positively influenced driver rates of seat belt use.
Recognizing the Common Problem of Child Automobile Restraint Misuse. Pediatrics, 1988, 81(5), 717- 720. The effectiveness of safety restraints in protecting children from motor vehicle injuries has been well documented, prompting all states to require that child passengers ride in appropriate restraints. Although the prevalence of child restraint device use has increased following the passage of child restraint device laws, many drivers use restraints incorrectly on their child passengers. Child health providers, day-care 42
workers, teachers, and others who have regular contact with children have the opportunity and the responsibility to maximize the effectiveness of child restraint devices. The purpose of this article is to describe the incorrect use observed in a large sample of child passengers. This information should assist individuals in educating drivers about the proper use of child restraint devices.
Young Driver Risk Taking: A Description of Dangerous Driving Situations Among 16- to 19-Year-Old Drivers. J. A. Furrow, The International Journal of the Addictions, 1987, 22(12), 1255-1267. Dangerous drinking and driving situations contribute heavily to morbidity and mortality among older adolescents. One hundred ninety-two high school drivers related 662 dangerous driving incidents (430 by males, 232 by females) in which they were involved in the preceding 6 months. Dangerous driving incidents were characterized by reckless intent, driving late at night, riding with other peers involving alcohol and drugs, reporting impaired driving, and distractions in the car. Adolescent drivers are commonly involved in dangerous drinking-driving situations with peers and without significant consequences. There are points along the continuum leading up to, during, and after such events that offer opportunities for significant prevention and intervention. Such strategies are reviewed.
Occupational
Safety
Fetal Death and Work in Pregnancy. A. D. McDonald, J. C. McDonald, B. Armstrong, N. M. Cherry, R. Cote, J. Lavoie, A. D. Nolin, and D. Robert, British Journal of Zndustrial Medicine, 1988, 45(5), 148-157. The relation between spontaneous abortion (n=5,010), stillbirth without congenital defect (n=210), and working conditions was analyzed in 22,613 previous pregnancies of 56,067 women interviewed, 1982-84,
Journal of Safety Research