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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as a Novel Tool to Combat Yersinia ruckeri and Aphanomyces invadans
74
ESVP and ECVP Proceedings 2016
ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AS A NOVEL TOOL TO COMBAT YERSINIA RUCKERI AND APHANOMYCES INVADANS M. Shaalan *,y, M. El-Mahdy y, M. El-Matbouli * and M. Saleh* *Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria and yDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Introduction: Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease (ERM) in fish. This disease has a wide host range, broad geographical distribution and results in significant economic losses in fish farms. In spite of the production of a vaccine against Y. ruckeri, vaccination failure for non-motile strains had been reported. Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) outbreaks caused by Aphanomyces invadans induce skin ulceration, which extends deeply to the underlying muscles leading to morbidity and mortality in fish. The intensification in aquaculture activities worldwide has led to massive use of antibiotics with rising microbial resistance. Genes of antibiotic resistance can be transferred from aquatic bacteria to animal and human bacteria, which impose a hazard for human public health. There is therefore a need for alternative antibacterial agents to combat fish pathogens. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (w66 nm) against Y. ruckeri and A. invadans in vitro. Characterization of nanoparticles was performed using zeta sizer and electron microscopy. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for both Y. ruckeri and A. invadans were determined. Results: Y. ruckeri growth was inhibited after incubation with zinc oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 31.5 mg/ml, while it was found that 3.15 mg/ml of zinc oxide nanoparticles is capable of inhibiting the growth of A. invadans. Conclusion: This is the first report that zinc oxide nanoparticles can exhibit efficient antimicrobial activity against Y. ruckeri and A. invadans.
J. Comp. Path. 2017, Vol. 156, 54e141
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF EARLY INFECTION WITH TOXOPLASMA IN PIGS omez y, R.A. Perez-Ecija *, R.J. Astorga z, I.M. Rodrıguez-G J.C. Estepa *, F. Cardoso-Toset x, F.J. Mendoza *, L. Carrasco y and J. Gomez-Lagunay *Dpto. Medicina y Cirugıa Animal, Spain, yDpto. Anatomıa y Anatomıa Patologica Comparadas, zDpto. Sanidad Animal, University of Cordoba and xCICAP e Food Research Center, Pozoblanco, C ordoba, Spain Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic agent and ingestion of undercooked pork is one of the main sources of infection. Several diagnostic tools have been developed for detecting this parasite in pig tissues. In this study, the diagnostic value of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, real time PCR (RT-PCR) and murine and feline bioassays was evaluated in pigs infected experimentally with different doses of T. gondii strain TgH00001. Materials and Methods: Eleven pigs were used: group 1 (n 5 5), IM infected with 107 tachyzoites; group 2 (n 5 4), IM infected with 103 tachyzoites; and group 3 (n 5 2), negative control. Blood was collected at 0, 15 and 30 dpi and analyzed by ELISA. At 30 dpi all of the animals were killed and samples of meat, brain, heart, tongue, masseter muscle, lungs, liver, kidney, spleen and mesenteric lymph node were collected and studied by RT-PCR, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Meat was also studied by feline bioassays and pools of target tissues (i.e. brain, heart and tongue) by murine bioassays. Results: An increase in seropositivity was observed, but always below the cut-off. RT-PCR from meat and brain showed significant differences between groups (positive in 4/5 animals from group 1 versus 1/4 and 0/4 from groups 2 and 3, respectively). Heart, masseter muscle, mesenteric lymph node and kidney samples were more sensitive (8/9). Feline and murine bioassays were only positive at high doses. Histopathology failed to detect T. gondii. Immunohistochemistry was inconsistently positive. Conclusions: Our results underline the importance of infective dosage in parasite distribution and selection of target tissues for the diagnosis, with RT-PCR being the most sensitive tool.
ESVP and ECVP Proceedings 2016
ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AS A NOVEL TOOL TO COMBAT YERSINIA RUCKERI AND APHANOMYCES INVADANS M. Shaalan *,y, M. El-Mahdy y, M. El-Matbouli * and M. Saleh* *Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria and yDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Introduction: Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease (ERM) in fish. This disease has a wide host range, broad geographical distribution and results in significant economic losses in fish farms. In spite of the production of a vaccine against Y. ruckeri, vaccination failure for non-motile strains had been reported. Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) outbreaks caused by Aphanomyces invadans induce skin ulceration, which extends deeply to the underlying muscles leading to morbidity and mortality in fish. The intensification in aquaculture activities worldwide has led to massive use of antibiotics with rising microbial resistance. Genes of antibiotic resistance can be transferred from aquatic bacteria to animal and human bacteria, which impose a hazard for human public health. There is therefore a need for alternative antibacterial agents to combat fish pathogens. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (w66 nm) against Y. ruckeri and A. invadans in vitro. Characterization of nanoparticles was performed using zeta sizer and electron microscopy. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for both Y. ruckeri and A. invadans were determined. Results: Y. ruckeri growth was inhibited after incubation with zinc oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 31.5 mg/ml, while it was found that 3.15 mg/ml of zinc oxide nanoparticles is capable of inhibiting the growth of A. invadans. Conclusion: This is the first report that zinc oxide nanoparticles can exhibit efficient antimicrobial activity against Y. ruckeri and A. invadans.
J. Comp. Path. 2017, Vol. 156, 54e141
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF EARLY INFECTION WITH TOXOPLASMA IN PIGS omez y, R.A. Perez-Ecija *, R.J. Astorga z, I.M. Rodrıguez-G J.C. Estepa *, F. Cardoso-Toset x, F.J. Mendoza *, L. Carrasco y and J. Gomez-Lagunay *Dpto. Medicina y Cirugıa Animal, Spain, yDpto. Anatomıa y Anatomıa Patologica Comparadas, zDpto. Sanidad Animal, University of Cordoba and xCICAP e Food Research Center, Pozoblanco, C ordoba, Spain Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic agent and ingestion of undercooked pork is one of the main sources of infection. Several diagnostic tools have been developed for detecting this parasite in pig tissues. In this study, the diagnostic value of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, real time PCR (RT-PCR) and murine and feline bioassays was evaluated in pigs infected experimentally with different doses of T. gondii strain TgH00001. Materials and Methods: Eleven pigs were used: group 1 (n 5 5), IM infected with 107 tachyzoites; group 2 (n 5 4), IM infected with 103 tachyzoites; and group 3 (n 5 2), negative control. Blood was collected at 0, 15 and 30 dpi and analyzed by ELISA. At 30 dpi all of the animals were killed and samples of meat, brain, heart, tongue, masseter muscle, lungs, liver, kidney, spleen and mesenteric lymph node were collected and studied by RT-PCR, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Meat was also studied by feline bioassays and pools of target tissues (i.e. brain, heart and tongue) by murine bioassays. Results: An increase in seropositivity was observed, but always below the cut-off. RT-PCR from meat and brain showed significant differences between groups (positive in 4/5 animals from group 1 versus 1/4 and 0/4 from groups 2 and 3, respectively). Heart, masseter muscle, mesenteric lymph node and kidney samples were more sensitive (8/9). Feline and murine bioassays were only positive at high doses. Histopathology failed to detect T. gondii. Immunohistochemistry was inconsistently positive. Conclusions: Our results underline the importance of infective dosage in parasite distribution and selection of target tissues for the diagnosis, with RT-PCR being the most sensitive tool.