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5518980 Stabilization of calcium-based slurries for sox reduction by in-furnance injection
PatentsALERT
chamber is detected, then the flow through the primary reaction chamber is reversed. The selective oxidizer employs a temperature-based control strategy as an oxygen-containing gas stream flow rate adjustment around the flow rate initially set in direct proportion to the fuel gas stream flow rate. The control strategy regulates the amount of oxygen-containing gas mixed with the gaseous fuel stream as a function of the difference between the temperature at a location at or near the end of the primary reaction chamber and the temperature at the outlet of the primary reaction chamber.
accomplished by adding to the catalyst in the regeneration zone vanadium/phosphorous oxide catalyst precursor at a rate of addition that effectuates in situ calcination and activation of the vanadium/phosphorous oxide catalyst precursor while simultaneously maintaining the desired operating temperature of the n-butane to maleic anhydride conversion reaction. Such a process is useful in maintaining the high operating capacity of the reactor over an extended period of time.
5519152
MANUFACTURING ETHYLENE OXIDE
5518980
Gorcester Jeffrey, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS assigned to Shell Oil Company
STABILIZATION OF CALCIUM-BASED SLURRIES FOR SOX REDUCTION BY IN-FURNANCE INJECTION
A process of manufacturing ethylene oxide is presented in ethylene and free oxygen are reacted in the presence of methane, carbon dioxide, and argon in a reactor to form an effluent comprising ethylene oxide; the effluent is then withdrawn and ethylene oxide is removed from the effluent to obtain a recycle stream; carbon dioxide and argon are removed from the recycle stream to obtain a treated recycle stream which is supplied to the reactor along with additional reactants and methane, wherein removing argon comprises separating a side stream from the recycle stream, passing the side stream to the feed inlet of a membrane unit, removing an argon-containing stream from the permeate outlet of the membrane unit, removing a retentate stream from the retentate outlet of the membrane unit, adding the retentate stream to the recycle stream, and purging the permeate side of the membrane unit with inert gas.
Lin M Linda, Naperville, IL, UNITED STATES assigned to Nalco Fuel Tech More reliable removal of sulfur oxides (SOx) from combustion effluents by in furnace injection is achieved by stabilizing slurries of calcium carbonate (limestone), calcium oxide (lime) and calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime) for extended periods of time and during in-furnace injection. The slurries are stabilized by a stabilization system comprising a generally hydrophobic surfactant having an HLB of less than about 8 and a more hydrophilic surfactant having an HLB of at least about 8, wherein the HLB values of the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic surfactants differ by at least about 3.
5520249
5519149
PROCESS FOR THE PRETREATMENT OF A NATURAL GAS CONTAINING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
VAPOR PHASE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF N-BUTANE TO MALEIC ANHYDRIDE INCORPORATING IN SITU CATALYST CALCINATIONlACTIVATION
Minkkinen Ari; Benayoun Danie; Barthel Yves, Saint Nom la Breteche, FRANCE assigned to Institut Francais du Petrole
Contractor Rashmikant; Horowitz Harold S; Sisler Gregg M, Wilmington, DE, UNITED STATES assigned to E I Du Pont de Nemours and Company
A process is described for the pretreatment of a pressurized natural gas which is saturated with water and contains hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from a producing well. At least a portion of the natural gas is brought into contact with at least a portion of recycled liquid condensate in a cyclone. The vapor phase), containing H2S and hydrocarbons, is cooled in zone, condensed and separated in separator. A gas which is enriched in methane and depleted in H2S is recovered while the condensate is recycled to cyclone after preheating if necessary. A water-containing liquid effluent which is enriched in H2S and depleted in hydrocarbons is recovered from the bottom of cyclone. This is reintroduced into the well.
An improved process for selective vapor phase oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride involving the use of a recirculating solids reactor having a reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone wherein n-butane is converted to maleic acid in the reaction zone by use of a vanadium/phosphorous oxide (V/P/O) catalyst in oxidized form and the reduced vanadium/phosphorous oxide catalyst is regenerated by contact with oxygen in the regeneration zone. Replenishment of the inherent catalyst losses associated with the catalyst recycling process is
236
J. Cleaner Prod.,
1996, Volume 4, Number
34
chamber is detected, then the flow through the primary reaction chamber is reversed. The selective oxidizer employs a temperature-based control strategy as an oxygen-containing gas stream flow rate adjustment around the flow rate initially set in direct proportion to the fuel gas stream flow rate. The control strategy regulates the amount of oxygen-containing gas mixed with the gaseous fuel stream as a function of the difference between the temperature at a location at or near the end of the primary reaction chamber and the temperature at the outlet of the primary reaction chamber.
accomplished by adding to the catalyst in the regeneration zone vanadium/phosphorous oxide catalyst precursor at a rate of addition that effectuates in situ calcination and activation of the vanadium/phosphorous oxide catalyst precursor while simultaneously maintaining the desired operating temperature of the n-butane to maleic anhydride conversion reaction. Such a process is useful in maintaining the high operating capacity of the reactor over an extended period of time.
5519152
MANUFACTURING ETHYLENE OXIDE
5518980
Gorcester Jeffrey, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS assigned to Shell Oil Company
STABILIZATION OF CALCIUM-BASED SLURRIES FOR SOX REDUCTION BY IN-FURNANCE INJECTION
A process of manufacturing ethylene oxide is presented in ethylene and free oxygen are reacted in the presence of methane, carbon dioxide, and argon in a reactor to form an effluent comprising ethylene oxide; the effluent is then withdrawn and ethylene oxide is removed from the effluent to obtain a recycle stream; carbon dioxide and argon are removed from the recycle stream to obtain a treated recycle stream which is supplied to the reactor along with additional reactants and methane, wherein removing argon comprises separating a side stream from the recycle stream, passing the side stream to the feed inlet of a membrane unit, removing an argon-containing stream from the permeate outlet of the membrane unit, removing a retentate stream from the retentate outlet of the membrane unit, adding the retentate stream to the recycle stream, and purging the permeate side of the membrane unit with inert gas.
Lin M Linda, Naperville, IL, UNITED STATES assigned to Nalco Fuel Tech More reliable removal of sulfur oxides (SOx) from combustion effluents by in furnace injection is achieved by stabilizing slurries of calcium carbonate (limestone), calcium oxide (lime) and calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime) for extended periods of time and during in-furnace injection. The slurries are stabilized by a stabilization system comprising a generally hydrophobic surfactant having an HLB of less than about 8 and a more hydrophilic surfactant having an HLB of at least about 8, wherein the HLB values of the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic surfactants differ by at least about 3.
5520249
5519149
PROCESS FOR THE PRETREATMENT OF A NATURAL GAS CONTAINING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
VAPOR PHASE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF N-BUTANE TO MALEIC ANHYDRIDE INCORPORATING IN SITU CATALYST CALCINATIONlACTIVATION
Minkkinen Ari; Benayoun Danie; Barthel Yves, Saint Nom la Breteche, FRANCE assigned to Institut Francais du Petrole
Contractor Rashmikant; Horowitz Harold S; Sisler Gregg M, Wilmington, DE, UNITED STATES assigned to E I Du Pont de Nemours and Company
A process is described for the pretreatment of a pressurized natural gas which is saturated with water and contains hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from a producing well. At least a portion of the natural gas is brought into contact with at least a portion of recycled liquid condensate in a cyclone. The vapor phase), containing H2S and hydrocarbons, is cooled in zone, condensed and separated in separator. A gas which is enriched in methane and depleted in H2S is recovered while the condensate is recycled to cyclone after preheating if necessary. A water-containing liquid effluent which is enriched in H2S and depleted in hydrocarbons is recovered from the bottom of cyclone. This is reintroduced into the well.
An improved process for selective vapor phase oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride involving the use of a recirculating solids reactor having a reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone wherein n-butane is converted to maleic acid in the reaction zone by use of a vanadium/phosphorous oxide (V/P/O) catalyst in oxidized form and the reduced vanadium/phosphorous oxide catalyst is regenerated by contact with oxygen in the regeneration zone. Replenishment of the inherent catalyst losses associated with the catalyst recycling process is
236
J. Cleaner Prod.,
1996, Volume 4, Number
34