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Composite organic filaments
Abstracts of patents US patent abstracts are prepared by Dr R.J. Hand of the University of Sheffield, UK
US P A T E N T S
Prestressed construction element of composite structure and method for element fabrication Virtanem P. (Kautar Oy, Toijala, Finland) US
COMPONENTS
Pat 4 999 959 (19 March 1991) The element is composed of a high tensile strength, prestressed metal, polymer, or a m o r p h o u s or crystalline inorganic bar or cable surrounded by a sheath of high compressive strength concrete or ceramic. A shape-forming structure is arranged about the sheath which comprises a bead-filled matrix and which has a lower compressive strength than the sheath.
Fibreglass reinforced plastic window sash Bezubic, W.P. (Season-All Industries, lnc, Indiana, PA, USA) US Pat 4 995 213 (26 Fehruar)" 1991 ) A window sash frame consisting of a number of fibreglass-reinforced plastic frame members and subframe members is described.
Composite rotor blade Turnberg, J.E. (United Technologies Corporation, Hartford. CT, USA) US Pat 4 995 788 (26 Fehruary 1991) A blade is detailed wherein there is a spar with a root section and an airlkfil surface. A composite material is wrapped in a spanwise fashion on both of these such that the material is captured within the spar recess.
Fire shielding composite structures McCullough, F.P., Snelgrove, R.V., Hale, F.W., Giroux, J.M. and Hall, D.M. (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland. MI, USA) US Pat 4 997 716 (5 March 1991) A fire retarding, radiation and fire shielding panel comprises at least one compression formed composite of thermosetting or thermosplastic resin and 10 95 weight% of non-flammable, non-graphitic, carbonaceous, non-linear fibres with an LOI of > 4 0 with carbonaceous fibres on at least one surface. When the panel is in direct contact with flame at this surface the fibres puff out from the pancl to form a radiation barrier and flame shield. The non-flammable fibres have a reversible deflection ratio of > 1.2:l and an aspect ratio of > 10:Jr
Article of furniture made from thermosetting resin impregnated felt Pesce, G. (Cassina SpA. Meda, Italy) US Pitt 4 998 773 (12 March 1991,: A chair is formed from one flat sheet of pliable felt with a thickness of 10 60 m m with a support portion rigified by thermosetting of a hardenable resin. The impregnation is such that the back and side portions are more flexible than the support section.
Microstructurally toughened metal matrix composite article Prewo, K.M., Nardone, V.C. and Strife, J.R. (United Technologies Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA) US Pat 4 999 256 ( 12 March 1991 ) A composite article with a number of regions of metal alloy and discrete reinforced regions comprises a metal alloy matrix and ceramic particles extending from one end to another along an axis. Each of the reinforced regions is separated from the others by a metallic region and at least two of them are enclosed in all directions perpendicular to the axis of extension by a metallic region. The whole has a high tensile strength and modulus in the direction of extension and a high impact resistance perpendicular to this direction.
Pneumatic tyre with a strip reinforcing laminate having filaments arranged together in an undulating form Kadota, K., Kohno, Y. and Koseki, H. (Bridgestone Corp, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 5 004 03l (2 April 1991) The lyre comprises a toroidal carcass between at least a pair of bead cores. The crown portion of the toroidal carcass is reinforced with a belt comprising a number of strips of reinforcing filaments arranged in an undulating form and covered with high molecular weight material which has a lower elastic modulus than the filaments, Each element in each strip is interlaced with at least two reinforcing elements in adjoining strips, with all the elements being aligned in the same direction and there being a phase shift between elements in adjoining strips.
Device to protect the ends of fluid tanks made of composite materials (Hembert, C.L. of Quarrier les Maurels, 83400 Hyeres, France) US Pal 5 004 120 (2 April 1991) A pressurized fluid tank which comprises an impervious, moulded symthetic inner shell and an outer shell of resin reinforced by filament winding, has at least one metal endpiece with a frustoconical surface between the shells reinforcing at least the end of the tank with an opening.
MATERIALS Reservoir feed method of making ceramic composite structures and structures made thereby Newkirk, M.S., Lesher, H.D., Dwivedi, R.K. and Kantner, R.C. (Lanxide Technology Company, LP, Newark, DE, USA) US Pitt 4 996 176 (26 k~,bruarr 1991) A structure of a parent metal substrate has a ceramic surface formed integrally with it. The ceramic surface comprises a filler embedded in an oxidation reaction product of the parent metal.
Polyester reinforced rubber Pyke, J.B., Bauer, R.G. and Burlett, D.J. (The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Akron. OH, USA) US Pat 4 996 262 (26 k~'bruaO' 1991) A high modulus rubber composition comprises at least one epoxidized rubber with double bonds derived from conjugated and/or
unconjugated dicne monomers and at least one polyester elastomer with a melting point of < 240°C.
Aggregate for concrete or a similar building material and a method of producing such aggregate (Lamoni, P. of Via Cattedrale 14, 6900. Lugano, Switzerland) US Pitt 4 997 4 8 5 : 5 March 1991) A glass aggregate for building materials is produced by grinding solid crushed or ground glass granules with water and quartz in a rotating drum. The grinding process roughens the granules so that they adhere to the binding agents in the building materials but also knocks off any dangerous sharp edges.
Fibre-reinforced resin material and fibrereinforced resin laminate using it as base material Sonoh, T., Sakumoto, Y.. Kawashima, S. and Hanasato, Y. (Asahi Glass Company, Ltd, Tokyo. Japan) US Pat 4 997 6 9 3 : 5 March 1991) This transparent tape of continuous, longitudinally aligned tilaments and a thermoplastic resin can be formed by temperature and pressure into shaped transparent objects. The tape is at most 0.2 m m thick and has a width-to-thickness ratio of 25 200. Also described is a laminate made of a transparent thermoplastic resin sheet with st number of the above tapes laminated onto it.
Moulding material containing fillers Gehrig, H. (BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany) US Pat 4 997 703 (5 March 1991 ) A two-layer moulding material comprises reinforcing fibres in the l\~rm of rovings, bands or webs, fillers and synthetic resin. The inner layer is of resin-impregnated fibres wherein the resin contains up to 10 weight% of the fillers and the outer layer comprises another resin which contains ~>20 weight% of fillers. Damage tolerant composites containing infusible particles Gawin, 1. (Hercules Incorporated, Wilrriington, DE, USA ( I S Pat 4 999 238 ( 12 March 1991 ) A multi-layer damage tolerant structural composite is t\wmed from a cross-linked epoxy matrix, high strength filaments in laterally extending tows or rovings and infusible particles of a rubber polymer mainly between the layers. The Ku of the unreinforced matrix is > IMN m '~ and the particles have a median size of 10 75 lam.
Composite organic filaments Morimoto, S. (Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 999 244 (12 March 1991 ) A composite filament is produced by spinning an organic resin matrix and 2 70 weight% of uniformly dispersed, vapour-phase-grown carbon fibres 0. l 1.0 lain in diameter and 3 500 ~m ill length.
COMPOSITES
. NUMBER
4 . 1993
369
US P A T E N T S
Prestressed construction element of composite structure and method for element fabrication Virtanem P. (Kautar Oy, Toijala, Finland) US
COMPONENTS
Pat 4 999 959 (19 March 1991) The element is composed of a high tensile strength, prestressed metal, polymer, or a m o r p h o u s or crystalline inorganic bar or cable surrounded by a sheath of high compressive strength concrete or ceramic. A shape-forming structure is arranged about the sheath which comprises a bead-filled matrix and which has a lower compressive strength than the sheath.
Fibreglass reinforced plastic window sash Bezubic, W.P. (Season-All Industries, lnc, Indiana, PA, USA) US Pat 4 995 213 (26 Fehruar)" 1991 ) A window sash frame consisting of a number of fibreglass-reinforced plastic frame members and subframe members is described.
Composite rotor blade Turnberg, J.E. (United Technologies Corporation, Hartford. CT, USA) US Pat 4 995 788 (26 Fehruary 1991) A blade is detailed wherein there is a spar with a root section and an airlkfil surface. A composite material is wrapped in a spanwise fashion on both of these such that the material is captured within the spar recess.
Fire shielding composite structures McCullough, F.P., Snelgrove, R.V., Hale, F.W., Giroux, J.M. and Hall, D.M. (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland. MI, USA) US Pat 4 997 716 (5 March 1991) A fire retarding, radiation and fire shielding panel comprises at least one compression formed composite of thermosetting or thermosplastic resin and 10 95 weight% of non-flammable, non-graphitic, carbonaceous, non-linear fibres with an LOI of > 4 0 with carbonaceous fibres on at least one surface. When the panel is in direct contact with flame at this surface the fibres puff out from the pancl to form a radiation barrier and flame shield. The non-flammable fibres have a reversible deflection ratio of > 1.2:l and an aspect ratio of > 10:Jr
Article of furniture made from thermosetting resin impregnated felt Pesce, G. (Cassina SpA. Meda, Italy) US Pitt 4 998 773 (12 March 1991,: A chair is formed from one flat sheet of pliable felt with a thickness of 10 60 m m with a support portion rigified by thermosetting of a hardenable resin. The impregnation is such that the back and side portions are more flexible than the support section.
Microstructurally toughened metal matrix composite article Prewo, K.M., Nardone, V.C. and Strife, J.R. (United Technologies Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA) US Pat 4 999 256 ( 12 March 1991 ) A composite article with a number of regions of metal alloy and discrete reinforced regions comprises a metal alloy matrix and ceramic particles extending from one end to another along an axis. Each of the reinforced regions is separated from the others by a metallic region and at least two of them are enclosed in all directions perpendicular to the axis of extension by a metallic region. The whole has a high tensile strength and modulus in the direction of extension and a high impact resistance perpendicular to this direction.
Pneumatic tyre with a strip reinforcing laminate having filaments arranged together in an undulating form Kadota, K., Kohno, Y. and Koseki, H. (Bridgestone Corp, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 5 004 03l (2 April 1991) The lyre comprises a toroidal carcass between at least a pair of bead cores. The crown portion of the toroidal carcass is reinforced with a belt comprising a number of strips of reinforcing filaments arranged in an undulating form and covered with high molecular weight material which has a lower elastic modulus than the filaments, Each element in each strip is interlaced with at least two reinforcing elements in adjoining strips, with all the elements being aligned in the same direction and there being a phase shift between elements in adjoining strips.
Device to protect the ends of fluid tanks made of composite materials (Hembert, C.L. of Quarrier les Maurels, 83400 Hyeres, France) US Pal 5 004 120 (2 April 1991) A pressurized fluid tank which comprises an impervious, moulded symthetic inner shell and an outer shell of resin reinforced by filament winding, has at least one metal endpiece with a frustoconical surface between the shells reinforcing at least the end of the tank with an opening.
MATERIALS Reservoir feed method of making ceramic composite structures and structures made thereby Newkirk, M.S., Lesher, H.D., Dwivedi, R.K. and Kantner, R.C. (Lanxide Technology Company, LP, Newark, DE, USA) US Pitt 4 996 176 (26 k~,bruarr 1991) A structure of a parent metal substrate has a ceramic surface formed integrally with it. The ceramic surface comprises a filler embedded in an oxidation reaction product of the parent metal.
Polyester reinforced rubber Pyke, J.B., Bauer, R.G. and Burlett, D.J. (The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Akron. OH, USA) US Pat 4 996 262 (26 k~'bruaO' 1991) A high modulus rubber composition comprises at least one epoxidized rubber with double bonds derived from conjugated and/or
unconjugated dicne monomers and at least one polyester elastomer with a melting point of < 240°C.
Aggregate for concrete or a similar building material and a method of producing such aggregate (Lamoni, P. of Via Cattedrale 14, 6900. Lugano, Switzerland) US Pitt 4 997 4 8 5 : 5 March 1991) A glass aggregate for building materials is produced by grinding solid crushed or ground glass granules with water and quartz in a rotating drum. The grinding process roughens the granules so that they adhere to the binding agents in the building materials but also knocks off any dangerous sharp edges.
Fibre-reinforced resin material and fibrereinforced resin laminate using it as base material Sonoh, T., Sakumoto, Y.. Kawashima, S. and Hanasato, Y. (Asahi Glass Company, Ltd, Tokyo. Japan) US Pat 4 997 6 9 3 : 5 March 1991) This transparent tape of continuous, longitudinally aligned tilaments and a thermoplastic resin can be formed by temperature and pressure into shaped transparent objects. The tape is at most 0.2 m m thick and has a width-to-thickness ratio of 25 200. Also described is a laminate made of a transparent thermoplastic resin sheet with st number of the above tapes laminated onto it.
Moulding material containing fillers Gehrig, H. (BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany) US Pat 4 997 703 (5 March 1991 ) A two-layer moulding material comprises reinforcing fibres in the l\~rm of rovings, bands or webs, fillers and synthetic resin. The inner layer is of resin-impregnated fibres wherein the resin contains up to 10 weight% of the fillers and the outer layer comprises another resin which contains ~>20 weight% of fillers. Damage tolerant composites containing infusible particles Gawin, 1. (Hercules Incorporated, Wilrriington, DE, USA ( I S Pat 4 999 238 ( 12 March 1991 ) A multi-layer damage tolerant structural composite is t\wmed from a cross-linked epoxy matrix, high strength filaments in laterally extending tows or rovings and infusible particles of a rubber polymer mainly between the layers. The Ku of the unreinforced matrix is > IMN m '~ and the particles have a median size of 10 75 lam.
Composite organic filaments Morimoto, S. (Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 999 244 (12 March 1991 ) A composite filament is produced by spinning an organic resin matrix and 2 70 weight% of uniformly dispersed, vapour-phase-grown carbon fibres 0. l 1.0 lain in diameter and 3 500 ~m ill length.
COMPOSITES
. NUMBER
4 . 1993
369