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Continuing Medical Education examination: Overview of the human immune response
Continuing Medical Education examination
Overview of the human immune response Instructions for category 1 Continuing Medical Education credit The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology is accredited as a provider of Continuing Medical Education (CME) by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education. Test ID no.: mai0080 Contact hours: 1.0 Expiration date: January 31, 2008 Category 1 credit can be earned by reading the text material and taking this CME examination online. For complete instructions, visit the Journal’s Web site at www.jacionline.org.
Learning objectives: ‘‘Overview of the human immune response’’ 1. To gain an appreciation of the differences between the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune response, and an understanding of the ways in which these 2 effector pathways cooperate for effective host immunity. 2. To understand basic principles of self-/nonself-discrimination in both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune response. 3. To be familiar with key effector pathways of the innate immune response, including Toll-like receptors, natural killer cells and natural killer T cells, the complement system, and the signals controlling leukocyte adhesion and recruitment to damaged tissues.
CME items Question 1. Which of the following is a signature characteristic of the innate immune response? A. The effector mechanisms use gene rearrangement to obtain exquisite specificity for environmental antigens. B. The innate response is more vigorous and more rapid in subjects challenged more than once with a specific antigen or pathogen. C. The effector responses are encoded in the germline of the host. D. The innate immune system only responds to protein antigens. Question 2. T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune response recognize pathogen-infected cells by using — A. secreted soluble receptors that bind to foreign antigens within the infected cells. B. cell surface receptors that detect proteolytic fragments of pathogen proteins bound to major histocompatibility molecules. C. receptors that sense the presence or absence of sialic acid on glycoprotein products of the pathogens. D. receptors for complement breakdown products called anaphylatoxins.
J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL
Question 3. Recognition of foreign pathogens by the innate immune system is mediated largely by receptors that bind to — A. pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as unmethylated CpG-containing DNA, peptidoglycans, lipoteichoic acid, or lipopolysaccharide. B. nitric oxide that is secreted by the pathogen into the extracellular environment. C. chemokines produced by T and B lymphocytes. D. HLA molecules containing microbial peptides. Question 4. Interaction between the antigen-specific receptors on the surfaces of CD41 T lymphocytes and cells presenting the specific antigen together with appropriate costimulatory molecules induces activation signals in the T cell mediated by — A. immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs located in the cytoplasmic tail of CD45. B. phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosinebased activation motifs in the cytoplasmic portions of CD3 chains. C. interaction between Toll/IL-1 receptor domains and MyD88. D. the key cellular enzyme, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID).
February 2006
S481
Overview of the human immune response Instructions for category 1 Continuing Medical Education credit The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology is accredited as a provider of Continuing Medical Education (CME) by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education. Test ID no.: mai0080 Contact hours: 1.0 Expiration date: January 31, 2008 Category 1 credit can be earned by reading the text material and taking this CME examination online. For complete instructions, visit the Journal’s Web site at www.jacionline.org.
Learning objectives: ‘‘Overview of the human immune response’’ 1. To gain an appreciation of the differences between the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune response, and an understanding of the ways in which these 2 effector pathways cooperate for effective host immunity. 2. To understand basic principles of self-/nonself-discrimination in both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune response. 3. To be familiar with key effector pathways of the innate immune response, including Toll-like receptors, natural killer cells and natural killer T cells, the complement system, and the signals controlling leukocyte adhesion and recruitment to damaged tissues.
CME items Question 1. Which of the following is a signature characteristic of the innate immune response? A. The effector mechanisms use gene rearrangement to obtain exquisite specificity for environmental antigens. B. The innate response is more vigorous and more rapid in subjects challenged more than once with a specific antigen or pathogen. C. The effector responses are encoded in the germline of the host. D. The innate immune system only responds to protein antigens. Question 2. T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune response recognize pathogen-infected cells by using — A. secreted soluble receptors that bind to foreign antigens within the infected cells. B. cell surface receptors that detect proteolytic fragments of pathogen proteins bound to major histocompatibility molecules. C. receptors that sense the presence or absence of sialic acid on glycoprotein products of the pathogens. D. receptors for complement breakdown products called anaphylatoxins.
J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL
Question 3. Recognition of foreign pathogens by the innate immune system is mediated largely by receptors that bind to — A. pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as unmethylated CpG-containing DNA, peptidoglycans, lipoteichoic acid, or lipopolysaccharide. B. nitric oxide that is secreted by the pathogen into the extracellular environment. C. chemokines produced by T and B lymphocytes. D. HLA molecules containing microbial peptides. Question 4. Interaction between the antigen-specific receptors on the surfaces of CD41 T lymphocytes and cells presenting the specific antigen together with appropriate costimulatory molecules induces activation signals in the T cell mediated by — A. immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs located in the cytoplasmic tail of CD45. B. phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosinebased activation motifs in the cytoplasmic portions of CD3 chains. C. interaction between Toll/IL-1 receptor domains and MyD88. D. the key cellular enzyme, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID).
February 2006
S481